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386 results for “Sea anemone”
Data from: Hypoxia disrupts sex-specific physiology and gene expression leading to decreased fitness in the estuarine sea anemone Nematostella vectensis
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Data from: Hypoxia disrupts metabolism in coral and sea anemone larvae
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Microsatellite genotypes and associated data for: The contribution of clonality to population genetic structure in the sea anemone Diadumene lineata
<p>Ecological and evolutionary processes differ depending on how genetic diversity is organized in space. For clonal organisms, the organization of both genetic and genotypic diversity can influence the fitness effects of competition, the mating system, and reproductive mode, which are key drivers of life cycle evolution. Understanding how individual reproductive behavior contributes to population genetic structure is essential for disentangling these forces, particularly in species with complex and plastic life cycles. The widespread sea anemone <i>Diadumene lineata</i> exhibits temperature-dependent fission which contributes to predictable variation in clonal rate along the Atlantic coast of the United States, part of its non-native range. Because warmer conditions lead to higher rates of clonality, we expected to find lower genotypic and genetic diversity in lower versus higher latitude populations. We developed primers for 11 microsatellite loci and genotyped 207 anemones collected from 8 sites ranging from Florida to Massachusetts. We found clonal influence at all sites, and as predicted, the largest clones were found at lower latitude sites. We also found genetic signatures of sex in the parts of the range where gametogenesis is most common. Evidence of sex outside the native range is novel for this species and provides insights into the dynamics of this successful invader. Our findings also illustrate challenges that partially clonal taxa pose for eco-evolutionary studies, such as difficulty sampling statistically robust numbers of genets and interpretating common population genetic metrics. For example, we found high among-locus variation in F<i><sub>is, </sub></i>which makes the meaning of mean multilocus F<i><sub>is</sub></i> unclear.</p>
Data from: Molecular signatures of host specificity linked to habitat specialization in Exaiptasia sea anemones.
Rising ocean temperatures associated with global climate change induce breakdown of the symbiosis between coelenterates and photosynthetic microalgae of the genus Symbiodinium. Association with more thermotolerant partners could contribute to resilience, but the genetic mechanisms controlling specificity of hosts for particular Symbiodinium types are poorly known. Here we characterize wild populations of a sea anemone laboratory model system for anthozoan symbiosis, from contrasting environments in Caribbean Panama. Patterns of anemone abundance and symbiont diversity were consistent with specialization of holobionts for particular habitats, with Exaiptasia pallida/S. minutum (ITS2 type B1) abundant on vertical substrate in thermally stable, shaded environments but E. brasiliensis/Symbiodinium sp. (ITS2 clade A) more common in shallow areas subject to high temperature and irradiance. Population genomic sequencing revealed a novel E. pallida population from the Bocas del Toro Archipelago that only harbors S. minutum. Loci most strongly associated with divergence of the Bocas-specific population were enriched in genes with putative roles in cnidarian symbiosis, including activators of the complement pathway of the innate immune system, thrombospondin-type-1 repeat domain proteins, and coordinators of endocytic recycling. Our findings underscore the importance of unmasking cryptic diversity in natural populations and the role of long-term evolutionary history in mediating interactions with Symbiodinium.
Data from: Insights into the genomics of clownfish adaptive radiation: genetic basis of the mutualism with sea anemones
<p>Genomic data of 9 clownfish (<em>Amphiprion akallopisos, A. bicinctus, A. melanopus, A. nigripes, A. ocellaris, A. preideraion, A. polymnus, A. sebae, Premnas biaculeatus</em>) species and 1 damselfish species (<em>Pomacentrus moluccensis</em>), presented in " Insights into the genomics of clownfish adaptive radiation: genetic basis of the mutualism with sea anemones".</p> <p>For each species, the following files are available:</p> <p><strong>Species_genome.fasta</strong>: Genome assembly of the species in fasta format. The genome was obtained using Illumina paired-end reads, following a reference-based method. For more information, please refer to the publication</p> <p><strong>Species_genome.Annotation.gff3</strong>: Structural genome annotation of the species, in gff3 format. Structural annotation was obtained with a combination of ab initio and RNAseq-data based approaches. Fina gene models were obtained with MAKER2. For more information, please refer to the publication</p> <p><strong>Species_genome.proteins.uniprot.fa</strong>: Predicted protein sequences from the genome assembly of the species, in fasta format. Each protein is annotated with the best blast hit with SwissProt database. For more information, please refer to the publication</p> <p><strong>Species_genome.transcripts.uniprot.fa</strong>: Predicted coding sequences (CDS) from the genome assembly of the species, in fasta format. Each CDS is annotated with the best blast hit with SwissProt database. For more information, please refer to the publication</p> <p>For <em>Amphiprion ocellaris</em> data, additional to the files presented above, we provided as well the secondary results of the genome assembly using a de novo strategy (Aocellaris_GenomeDeNovo.fasta), its structural annotation (Aocellaris_GenomeDeNovo.Annotation.gff3), and its predicted protein (Aocellaris_GenomeDeNovo.proteins.uniprot.fa) and CDS (Aocellaris_GenomeDeNovo.transcripts.uniprot.fa) sequences. For more information, please refer to the publication</p>
Fig. 1 in Redescription of the Sea Anemone Capnea japonica (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria)
Fig. 1. Collection locality (star) of the topotype of Capnea japonica around Sagami Bay, Japan.
FIG. 6 in Redescription and range extension of the sea anemone Exocoelactis actinostoloides (Wassilieff, 1908), with revision of genus Exocoelactis (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria)
FIG. 6. — Types of cnidae; see Table 2 for explanation. Scale bar: 10 µm.
FIG. 1 in Redescription and range extension of the sea anemone Exocoelactis actinostoloides (Wassilieff, 1908), with revision of genus Exocoelactis (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria)
FIG. 1. — Exocoelactis actinostoloides (Wassilieff, 1908), in life, photograph courtesy of CRRF.
Data for: Associative learning in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis
<p>Supporting information for the manuscript "Associative learning in the sea anemone <em>Nematostella vectensis</em>".</p> <p>The following items can be found in this repository:</p> <p>1. <strong>Fig.1D_raw data.xlsx </strong></p> <p>Raw data for the Figure 1D. Manual counting of animals retracting for each condition.</p> <p><strong>2. Fig2CD_raw data.xlsx</strong></p> <p>Raw data for the Figure 2C and D. Output results of the tracking data analysis for each video file.</p> <p><strong>3. 220427_csv files.zip </strong></p> <p>Raw DLC output tracking files for 1 experiment (220427). To be used as an example to run the R markdown script below.</p> <p><strong>4. Tracking_data_Analysis_code.Rmd </strong></p> <p>This file is the R markdown file used to analyze the tracking data. It has been developed to analyze a batch of DLC output tracking files (.csv) for each experiment at once. The calculations carried out by the function are explained in the <em>SI appendix </em>and in the .pdf knitted version of the file below.</p> <p><strong>5. Tracking_data_Analysis_code.pdf </strong></p> <p>Knitted version of the R markdown file.</p>
An abundant sea anemone from the Carboniferous Mazon Creek Lagerstӓtte, U.S.A.: Representative specimens examined
<p>Sea anemones (Actiniaria) are among the rarest of recognized fossil organisms, even rarer than jellyfish. Here we demonstrate that the most abundant fossil in the Pennsylvanian Mazon Creek Lagerstätte of Illinois, <em>Essexella</em> <em>asherae,</em> is an infaunal or semi-infaunal anemone. <em>Essexella</em> is redescribed based on a taphonomic analysis of thousands of specimens, as well as associated medusae and trace fossils. Specimens of <em>Essexella</em> (also known as the "blobs") were long believed to be medusae, but we reassign <em>Essexella</em> to the order Actiniaria and reinterpret the putative jellyfish <em>Reticulomedusa</em> as the pedal or oral disc of <em>Essexella</em>. We also implicate <em>Essexella</em> as a producer of <em>Conostichus</em>, a widespread plug-shaped trace fossil that occurs in coeval strata in the same region. Radiate structures comparable to the bases of <em>Conostichus</em> and the ichnofossil <em>Bergaueria</em>, as well as the pedal discs of modern anemones, characterize <em>Reticulomedusa</em>. Bona fide medusae are present in the Mazon Creek biota, and include <em>Anthracomedusa</em> <em>turnbulli</em> and <em>Octomedusa</em> <em>pieckorum</em>, whereas the soft-bodied fossil <em>Lascoa</em> <em>mesostaurata</em> is referred to Problematica.</p>
Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the sea anemone Macrodactyla (Haddon, 1898) (Cnidaria, Actiniaria), with a description of a new species from Singapore
<p>Supplementary materials (High resolution). Journal: <em>Zoological Studies</em>. Title: <em>Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the sea anemone Macrodactyla (Haddon, 1898) (Cnidaria, Actiniaria), with a description of a new species from Singapore</em>.</p> <p>ABSTRACT: Sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) are a successful group of marine invertebrates found in a diverse range of environments globally. In spite of their ubiquity, identities for many sea anemones remain unverified, especially those from the Indo-West Pacific region. Here, we clarify the taxonomy of the poorly known <em>Macrodactyla aspera,</em> a shallow-water species first described from the Torres Straits in northern Australia. We re-describe <em>M. aspera</em> based on new morphological and molecular data gathered from the type specimen, other museum vouchers, and from fresh material collected from Singapore. We tested the monophyly of <em>Macrodactyla</em> using three mitochondrial (12S, 16S and cox3) and one nuclear (28S) marker based on three congeners, recovering this genus to be polyphyletic. As a consequence, we transferred <em>M. doreensis</em> to the genus <em>Heteractis</em>, and describe a new species, <em>Macrodactyla fautinae</em> sp. nov. While both<em> M. aspera </em>and <em>M. fautinae </em>sp. nov. share the same arrangement and number of complete mesenteries, a similar distribution of cnidae, and are not symbiotically associated with any other biota, <em>M. fautinae </em>sp. nov. has perforated, lobe-like verrucae on its column, and lacks nematocyst batteries on its tentacles, unlike <em>M. aspera</em>. These two species also occur in similar habitats in Singapore. Finally, because <em>M. aspera</em> strongly resembles Dofleinia armata, the latter species flagged as a danger to public health due to its ability to inflict painful stings, we tested the relationship between these species and found them not to be closely related. However, tentacles of <em>M. aspera</em>, like <em>D. armata</em>, are densely covered with nematocyst batteries and harbour large nematocysts; we infer that M. aspera may also be capable of delivering stings that endanger public health. This study builds upon a growing number of studies that aim to ascertain identities and systematics of sea anemones historically reported from the Indo-West Pacific. Our findings will facilitate accurate species identification, which is crucial for advancing research, formulating conservation measures, and protecting public health.</p>
Data from: Regulation of green fluorescent proteins by Sea Anemones (Anthopleura spp.) in response to light
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Data from: Molecular signatures of host specificity linked to habitat specialization in Exaiptasia sea anemones.
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Microsatellite genotypes and associated data for: The contribution of clonality to population genetic structure in the sea anemone Diadumene lineata
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An abundant sea anemone from the Carboniferous Mazon Creek Lagerstӓtte, U.S.A.: Representative specimens examined
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Data from: Comparative phylogeography of three host sea anemones in the Indo-Pacific
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Aim</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>The mutualistic relationship between anemones and anemonefishes is one of the most iconic examples of symbiosis. However, while anemonefishes have been extensively studied in terms of genetic connectivity, such information is lacking entirely for host sea anemones. Here, we provide the first information on the broad-scale population structure and phylogeographic patterns of three species of host sea anemone, <i>Heteractis magnifica, Stichodactyla mertensii, </i>and <i>Entacmaea quadricolor</i>. We evaluate if there is concordance in genetic structure across several distinct biogeographic areas within the Indo-Pacific region and to what extent the observed patterns may concur with those found for anemonefishes. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Location</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Indo-Pacific, including the Red Sea.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Taxon</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><i>Heteractis magnifica</i>, <i>Stichodactyla mertensii, </i>and <i>Entacmaea quadricolor</i></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Methods</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Microsatellite markers and a combination of statistical methods includingBayesian clustering, Isolation by Distance (IBD), Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA), and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) were used to determine population structure. The congruence among distance matrices method (CADM) was used to assess similarity in spatial genetic patterns among species.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Results</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Significant population structure was identified in the three host anemone species. Each species is likely composed of at least two genetic clusters corresponding to two biogeographic regions, the Red Sea and the rest of the Indo-Pacific. Two of the three anemone species seem to be experiencing admixture where the two main clusters overlap (the Maldives). IBD analyses in the Red Sea revealed differences in gene flow among species, suggesting more limited dispersal potential for <i>E. quadricolor</i>than for<i>S. mertensii</i>and <i>H. magnifica</i>. Clonality is documented in <i>S. mertensii </i>for the first time.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Main conclusions</b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>This research documents the genetic population structure for three ecologically important host sea anemones across the Indo-Pacific and provides valuable insights regarding their biogeography and evolution. Specifically, we found high levels of genetic divergence between populations across different biogeographic regions, suggesting different evolutionary lineages within species. At the same time, common geographic overlap of population structures suggests similar evolutionary histories among all three species. Interestingly, the observed patterns are congruent to some extent with structure reported for several anemonefish species, reflecting their close ecological association.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Host identity and symbiotic association affects the genetic and taxonomic diversity of the clownfish-hosting sea anemone microbiome
All eukaryotic life engages in symbioses with a diverse community of bacteria that are essential for performing basic life functions. In many cases, eukaryotic organisms form additional symbioses with other macroscopic eukaryotes. The tightly-linked physical interactions that characterize many macroscopic symbioses creates opportunities for microbial transfer, which likely affects the diversity and function of individual microbiomes, and may ultimately lead to microbiome convergence between distantly related taxa. Here, we sequence the microbiomes of five species of clownfish-hosting sea anemones that co-occur on coral reefs in the Maldives. We test the importance of evolutionary history, clownfish symbiont association, and habitat on the genetic and predicted functional diversity of the microbiome, and explore signals of microbiome convergence in anemone taxa that have evolved symbioses with clownfishes independently. Our data indicate that host identity shapes the majority of the genetic diversity of the clownfish-hosting sea anemone microbiome, but predicted functional microbial diversity analyses demonstrate a convergence among host anemone microbiomes, which reflect increased functional diversity over individuals that do not host clownfishes. Further, we identify up-regulated microbial functions in host anemones that are likely affected by clownfish presence. Taken together our study reveals an even deeper metabolic coupling between clownfishes and their host anemones, and what could be a previously unknown mutualistic benefit to anemones that are symbiotic with clownfishes
FIGURE 6 in A new species of sea anemone from the Chilean fjord region, Paraisanthus fabiani (Actiniaria: Isanthidae), with a discussion of the family Isanthidae Carlgren, 1938
FIGURE 6. Live specimens of Isanthus capensis: A, view of oral disc and column; note inner six tentacles slightly closer to the mouth with directive axes distinctly coloured; B, contracted specimen; specimens collected by Charles Griffiths from intertidal area, in sand between rocks, Table Bay, South Africa. Photos courtesy of Charles Griffiths.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of sea anemone from the Chilean fjord region, Paraisanthus fabiani (Actiniaria: Isanthidae), with a discussion of the family Isanthidae Carlgren, 1938
FIGURE 2. Colour varieties of Paraisanthus fabiani; all photos taken in aquaria. Oral disc diameter 7–12 mm, pedal disc diameter 7–16 mm, specimens 13–20 mm long. Note the ring of mucus and dirt around the column (Fig. 2C,D,G).
FIGURE 1 in A new species of sea anemone from the Chilean fjord region, Paraisanthus fabiani (Actiniaria: Isanthidae), with a discussion of the family Isanthidae Carlgren, 1938
FIGURE 1. Type locality and distribution of Paraisanthus fabiani in shallow water of the Chilean fjord region. Black line: latitudinal extent of geographic distribution. Triangles: study sites S1-S8 where P. fabiani was observed. Squares: study sites where P. fabiani was not observed.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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