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297 results for “Settlements”
Settlement-Era Gridded Tree Composition, Midwestern US: Level 1
Gridded forest composition data for Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and portions of Illinois and Indiana from survey notes from the Public Land Survey System (PLSS), prior to widespread land use conversion by EuroAmerican settlers. The Public Land Survey System in this region was carried out from approx. 1800 - 1904, in a time transgressive manner from east to west. Trees identified at section and quartersection points within the PLSS are aggregated to a regular 8km grid on a Great Lakes St. Lawrence Albers projection (EPSG:3175). For all points only the closest two trees are used in estimating composition and then summed within the 8km grid cell. The raw count of trees is reported, including "No trees" where surveyors found no trees within 300 links of the point. Methods and data are described in Goring et al., 2015 (http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2015/10/24/026575), except for data from Illinois and Indiana which are described in the methods below. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #DEB-1241874, 1241868, 1241870, 1241851, 1241891, 1241846, 1241856, 1241930.
Settlement Abovground Biomass, Midwest US, Level2
We present gridded 8 km-resolution data products of the estimated aboveground biomass, stem density, and basal area of tree taxa at the time of Euro-American settlement of the midwestern United States for the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, and Indiana. The data come from settlement-era Public Land Survey (PLS) data (ca. 0.8-km resolution) of trees recorded by land surveyors. The surveyor notes have been transcribed, cleaned, and processed to estimate aboveground biomass (megagrams per hectare), stem density (stems greater than or equal 8 inches DBH per hectare), and basal area (square meters per hectare) at individual points on the landscape. The point-level data are then aggregated within grid cells and statistically smoothed using a statistical model that accounts for zero-inflated continuous data with smoothing based on generalized additive modeling techniques and approximate Bayesian uncertainty estimates. We expect this data product to be useful for understanding the state of vegetation in the midwestern United States prior to large-scale Euro-American settlement. In addition to specific regional questions, the data product can serve as a baseline against which to investigate how forests and ecosystems change after intensive settlement. The data products (including both raw [Level 1: averages of point level values within each grid cell] and statistically smoothed estimates [Level 2] at the 8-km scale) are being made available at the LTER network data portal as version 1.0. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #DEB-1241874, 1241868, 1241870, 1241851, 1241891, 1241846, 1241856, 1241930.
Settlement Stem Density, Midwest US, Level2
We present gridded 8 km-resolution data products of the estimated aboveground biomass, stem density, and basal area of tree taxa at the time of Euro-American settlement of the midwestern United States for the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, and Indiana. The data come from settlement-era Public Land Survey (PLS) data (ca. 0.8-km resolution) of trees recorded by land surveyors. The surveyor notes have been transcribed, cleaned, and processed to estimate aboveground biomass (megagrams per hectare), stem density (stems greater than or equal 8 inches DBH per hectare), and basal area (square meters per hectare) at individual points on the landscape. The point-level data are then aggregated within grid cells and statistically smoothed using a statistical model that accounts for zero-inflated continuous data with smoothing based on generalized additive modeling techniques and approximate Bayesian uncertainty estimates. We expect this data product to be useful for understanding the state of vegetation in the midwestern United States prior to large-scale Euro-American settlement. In addition to specific regional questions, the data product can serve as a baseline against which to investigate how forests and ecosystems change after intensive settlement. The data products (including both raw [Level 1: averages of point level values within each grid cell] and statistically smoothed estimates [Level 2] at the 8-km scale) are being made available at the LTER network data portal as version 1.0. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #DEB-1241874, 1241868, 1241870, 1241851, 1241891, 1241846, 1241856, 1241930.
Settlement Basal Area, Midwest US, Level2
We present gridded 8 km-resolution data products of the estimated aboveground biomass, stem density, and basal area of tree taxa at the time of Euro-American settlement of the midwestern United States for the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, and Indiana. The data come from settlement-era Public Land Survey (PLS) data (ca. 0.8-km resolution) of trees recorded by land surveyors. The surveyor notes have been transcribed, cleaned, and processed to estimate aboveground biomass (megagrams per hectare), stem density (stems greater than or equal 8 inches DBH per hectare), and basal area (square meters per hectare) at individual points on the landscape. The point-level data are then aggregated within grid cells and statistically smoothed using a statistical model that accounts for zero-inflated continuous data with smoothing based on generalized additive modeling techniques and approximate Bayesian uncertainty estimates. We expect this data product to be useful for understanding the state of vegetation in the midwestern United States prior to large-scale Euro-American settlement. In addition to specific regional questions, the data product can serve as a baseline against which to investigate how forests and ecosystems change after intensive settlement. The data products (including both raw [Level 1: averages of point level values within each grid cell] and statistically smoothed estimates [Level 2] at the 8-km scale) are being made available at the LTER network data portal as version 1.0. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #DEB-1241874, 1241868, 1241870, 1241851, 1241891, 1241846, 1241856, 1241930.
Settlement Aboveground Biomass, Stem Density, and Basal Area, Midwest US, Level1
We present gridded 8 km-resolution data products of the estimated aboveground biomass, stem density, and basal area of tree taxa at the time of Euro-American settlement of the midwestern United States for the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, and Indiana. The data come from settlement-era Public Land Survey (PLS) data (ca. 0.8-km resolution) of trees recorded by land surveyors. The surveyor notes have been transcribed, cleaned, and processed to estimate aboveground biomass (megagrams per hectare), stem density (stems greater than or equal 8 inches DBH per hectare), and basal area (square meters per hectare) at individual points on the landscape. The point-level data are then aggregated within grid cells and statistically smoothed using a statistical model that accounts for zero-inflated continuous data with smoothing based on generalized additive modeling techniques and approximate Bayesian uncertainty estimates. We expect this data product to be useful for understanding the state of vegetation in the midwestern United States prior to large-scale Euro-American settlement. In addition to specific regional questions, the data product can serve as a baseline against which to investigate how forests and ecosystems change after intensive settlement. The data products (including both raw [Level 1: averages of point level values within each grid cell] and statistically smoothed estimates [Level 2] at the 8-km scale) are being made available at the LTER network data portal as version 1.0. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #DEB-1241874, 1241868, 1241870, 1241851, 1241891, 1241846, 1241856, 1241930.
Settlement Trees, Southern Michigan Level 0
We provide a Level 0 record of trees from 41 counties in the southern two-thirds of Michigan's Lower Peninsula transcribed from Public Land Surveys conducted by surveyors from the General Land Office of the United States in the 1800s. Posts were set every half mile in townships that were typically 6 miles by 6 miles square. Surveyors recorded details about the one to four trees closest (but typically recorded information for the two closest trees) to the posts and included information about the tree name (taxonomic specificity ranged by surveyor), tree diameter (inches), and distance and bearing from the post. Our records include the tree information and the location of the posts from which the tree information came from. These Level 0 tree data were aggregated to the 8km grid resolution Level 1 product (see msb-paleon.26 package). That product was then statistically smoothed using a statistical model that accounts for zero-inflated continuous data with smoothing based on generalized additive modeling techniques and approximate Bayesian uncertainty estimates for the Level 2 products estimating aboveground biomass (msb-paleon.23), density (msb-paleon.24), and basal area (msb-paleon.25). The data processing steps and associated code are available in the GitHub repository: https://github.com/PalEON-Project/PLS_products. These products are used in the manucript, Paciorek et al., 2020, Statistically-estimated tree biomass, stem, and basal area for the upper Midwestern United States at the time of Euro-American settlement (https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/856526v1). This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #DEB-1241874, 1241868, 1241870, 1241851, 1241891, 1241846, 1241856, 1241930.
Settlement Trees, Northern Michigan Level 0
We provide a Level 0 record of trees from 43 counties Michigan's Upper Peninsual and the northern one-third of Michigan's Lower Peninsula from Public Land Surveys conducted by surveyors from the General Land Office of the United States in the 1800s. Posts were set every half mile in townships that were typically 6 miles by 6 miles square. Surveyors recorded details about the one to four trees closest (but typically recorded information for the two closest trees) to the posts and included information about the tree name (taxonomic specificity ranged by surveyor), tree diameter (inches), and distance and bearing from the post. Our records include the tree information and the location of the posts from which the tree information came from. These Level 0 tree data were aggregated to the 8km grid resolution Level 1 product (see msb-paleon.26 package). That product was then statistically smoothed using a statistical model that accounts for zero-inflated continuous data with smoothing based on generalized additive modeling techniques and approximate Bayesian uncertainty estimates for the Level 2 products estimating aboveground biomass (msb-paleon.23), density (msb-paleon.24), and basal area (msb-paleon.25). The data processing steps and associated code are available in the GitHub repository: https://github.com/PalEON-Project/PLS_products. These products are used in the manucript, Paciorek et al., 2020, Statistically-estimated tree biomass, stem, and basal area for the upper Midwestern United States at the time of Euro-American settlement (https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/856526v1). This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #DEB-1241874, 1241868, 1241870, 1241851, 1241891, 1241846, 1241856, 1241930.
Settlement Trees, Wisconsin Level 0
We provide a Level 0 record of trees in Wisconsin transcribed from Public Land Surveys conducted by surveyors from the General Land Office of the United States in the 1800s. Posts were set every half mile in townships that were typically 6 miles by 6 miles square. Surveyors recorded details about the one to four trees closest (but typically recorded information for the two closest trees) to the posts and included information about the tree name (taxonomic specificity ranged by surveyor), tree diameter (inches), and distance and bearing from the post. Our records include the tree information and the location of the posts from which the tree information came from. These Level 0 tree data were aggregated to the 8km grid resolution Level 1 product (see msb-paleon.26 package). That product was then statistically smoothed using a statistical model that accounts for zero-inflated continuous data with smoothing based on generalized additive modeling techniques and approximate Bayesian uncertainty estimates for the Level 2 products estimating aboveground biomass (msb-paleon.23), density (msb-paleon.24), and basal area (msb-paleon.25). The data processing steps and associated code are available in the GitHub repository: https://github.com/PalEON-Project/PLS_products. These products are used in the manucript, Paciorek et al., 2020, Statistically-estimated tree biomass, stem, and basal area for the upper Midwestern United States at the time of Euro-American settlement (https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/856526v1). This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #DEB-1241874, 1241868, 1241870, 1241851, 1241891, 1241846, 1241856, 1241930.
Settlement Trees, Minnesota Level 0
We provide a Level 0 record of trees in Minnesota transcribed from Public Land Surveys conducted by surveyors from the General Land Office of the United States in the 1800s. Posts were set every half mile in townships that were typically 6 miles by 6 miles square. Surveyors recorded details about the one to four trees closest (but typically recorded information for the two closest trees) to the posts and included information about the tree name (taxonomic specificity ranged by surveyor), tree diameter (inches), and distance and bearing from the post. Our records include the tree information and the location of the posts from which the tree information came from. These Level 0 tree data were aggregated to the 8km grid resolution Level 1 product (see msb-paleon.26 package). That product was then statistically smoothed using a statistical model that accounts for zero-inflated continuous data with smoothing based on generalized additive modeling techniques and approximate Bayesian uncertainty estimates for the Level 2 products estimating aboveground biomass (msb-paleon.23), density (msb-paleon.24), and basal area (msb-paleon.25). The data processing steps and associated code are available in the GitHub repository: https://github.com/PalEON-Project/PLS_products. These products are used in the manucript, Paciorek et al., 2020, Statistically-estimated tree biomass, stem, and basal area for the upper Midwestern United States at the time of Euro-American settlement (https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/856526v1). This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #DEB-1241874, 1241868, 1241870, 1241851, 1241891, 1241846, 1241856, 1241930.
Supplementary material for the publication: J. D. Nixon, K. Bhargava and E. Gaura, Analysis of standalone solar streetlights for improved energy access in displaced settlements, 2020.
<p>The dataset deposited here was prepared under the EPSRC-funded <a href="http://heed-refugee.coventry.ac.uk/">Humanitarian Engineering and Energy for Displacement</a> research project (EP/P029531/1). The project aimed to understand energy needs of displaced communities, create an evidence base on the usage of different energy interventions and provide recommendations for improved design of future energy interventions to better meet the needs of people.</p> <p>As part of the project, we deployed 11 advanced solar streetlights, with additional energy access provided by ground-level AC sockets, at two project sites: Gihembe refugee camp, Rwanda (4 lights) and Uttargaya settlement, Nepal (7 lights), in July 2019. The aim of this study was to (a) identify best practices in the construction, location and security measures for long-lived street lighting (b) understand how communities would use a shared energy resource when available through energy sockets, auxiliary to the main function of the streetlights.</p> <p>The system data used for the performance analysis for this study (July 2019 and March 2020) is deposited here along with the metadata. The results from analysis are presented in a paper titled '<strong>Analysis of standalone solar streetlights for improved energy access in displaced settlements</strong>' (currently under review). The scripts for analysis can be found at our Github account <a href="https://github.com/cogent-computing">Cogent Labs</a> under HEED_Nepal_SL and HEED_Rwanda_SL repositories.</p>
Data from: Sound settlement: noise surpasses land cover in explaining breeding habitat selection of secondary cavity-nesting birds
Birds breeding in heterogeneous landscapes select nest sites by cueing in on a variety of factors from landscape features and social information to the presence of natural enemies. We focus on determining the relative impact of anthropogenic noise on nest site occupancy, compared to amount of forest cover, which is known to strongly influence the selection process. We examine chronic, industrial noise from natural gas wells directly measured at the nest box as well as site-averaged noise, using a well-established field experimental system in northwestern New Mexico. We hypothesized that high levels of noise, both at the nest site and in the environment, would decrease nest box occupancy. We set up nest boxes using a geospatially paired control and experimental site design and analyzed four years of occupancy data from four secondary cavity-nesting birds common to the Colorado Plateau. We found different effects of noise and landscape features depending on species, with strong effects of noise observed in breeding habitat selection of Myiarchus cinerascens, the Ash-throated Flycatcher, and Sialia currucoides, the Mountain Bluebird. In contrast, the amount of forest cover less frequently explained habitat selection for those species or had a smaller standardized effect than the acoustic environment. Although forest cover characterization and management is commonly employed by natural resource managers, our results show that characterizing and managing the acoustic environment should be an important tool in protected area management.
Hutton Magna Medieval Settlement
This monument includes buried and earthwork remains of part of the medieval settlement of Hutton Magna, situated to the north, south and west of the present churchyard and immediately south east of the manor house known as Hutton Hall. The settlement is visible as the remains of a series of rectangular buildings of long house form, placed around parts of three sides of an open space, interpreted as a large, roughly rectangular village green. More than one phase of settlement is believed to be represented by the remains at Hutton Magna. At the time of the Domesday Survey in 1086, Hutton Magna, then known as Hotune or Huttone, was described as having six geld carucates (plough teams). In a document of 1254 the manor contained a capital messuage, dovecote, brewhouse and a water mill. The rectangular buildings are visible as three discrete groups of earthworks interpreted as the foundations of medieval long houses, associated yards and enclosures. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Deserted Settlement at Polmaddy
The settlement at Polmaddy is located in Dumfries & Galloway, just off the A713 to the south of Carsphairn. It was first recorded in 1505AD and is one of the best known examples of a post medieval Scottish 'ferm toun'. The settlement was abandoned in the early 19th century during the age of improvement when new agricultural techniques and systems forced the tenants at Polmaddy to seek work in the larger towns of Scotland. For more information on Polmaddy check out these links from Canmore and The Can You Dig It Facebook page: https://canmore.org.uk/site/search/result?NUMLINK=63815&view=map https://www.facebook.com/notes/can-you-dig-it/polmaddy-deserted-settlement-the-auchendrain-that-never-was/657345841350721/ Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
A dataset of community perspectives on living conditions and disaster risk management in informal settlements: A case study in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa
<p>This article describes a dataset of community perspectives on living conditions and disaster risk management in Khan Road, a non-serviced informal settlement, located in Pietermaritzburg, the capital of KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa. The data were collected by local community researchers via a structured questionnaire of 159 participants conducted between August and September 2022, using mobile phones via KoboToolbox. The dataset was analysed using exploratory data analysis (EDA) techniques. This household survey is part of a research project aiming to develop an evidence base of opportunities, risks and vulnerabilities related to housing construction and resource management in incremental upgrading of informal settlements in South Africa. This dataset can be used by local practitioners and policymakers involved in decision-making for informal settlement upgrading and help them prioritise resources and upgrading interventions based on what informal dwellers need. Furthermore, this cleaned dataset could support the analysis of further South African data guiding the development of digital platforms as a real-time resource management tool or guide the enhancement of existing theoretical frameworks in the field of participatory design and co-production used by academic scholars. </p>
Holwick Settlement Excavation 2018
Zoom into stone with drawing found at Holwick Settlement Medieval Excavation 2018. See blog pages at: https://altogetherarchaeology.org/_proj_live_view1.php?aarec=Well%20Head%20Deserted%20Settlement%202018%20Excavation%20Blog Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Well Head Deserted Settlement - Trench 1 & 1a
Well Head Deserted Settlement - Holwick, Teesdale. Trench1 and extension 1a. Altogether Archaeology excavation between 02-09-2017 - 17-09-2017 Surveys and Reports can be found at: https://altogetherarchaeology.org/reports.php Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Tintagel Castle and Dark Age Settlement
LiDAR model produced using Environment Agency 1m DSM data and created in QGIS using the QGIS2threejs plugin. Thanks to Mike Gill for python code to convert the QGIS model for viewing on Sketchfab. Best viewed full screen in HD. The labels can be switched off if desired in the settings options at the bottom of the model sceen Feel free to share the model on various media, embed it in a webpage using the embed code, or download it Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Holwick Settlement Version 2
Derived from Point Cloud download selecting classification codes 2 and 3 3D Processing: Many thanks to @jost_hobic, Cotswold Archaeology and @M_J_Gill, Avon Valley Archaeology Society. Procedure further modified by Stephen Eastmead. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Well Head Deserted Settlement (Holwick)
Appears to be a Medieval deserted settlement that may have early medieval roots.Currently being investigated by Altogether Archaeology https://altogetherarchaeology.org/index.php Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Holwick Deserted Medieval Settlement (South)
Holwick Medieval Settlement Main site is located only 2-3 hundred metres from a scheduled area containing 6 shielings. Archaeology is plentiful in the vacinity too. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
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