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148 results for “Snow cover”
Data from: Grizzly bear response to fine spatial and temporal scale spring snow cover in Western Alberta
Snow dynamics influence seasonal behaviors of wildlife, such as denning patterns and habitat selection related to the availability of food resources. Under a changing climate, characteristics of the temporal and spatial patterns of snow are predicted to change, and as a result, there is a need to better understand how species interact with snow dynamics. This study examines grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) spring habitat selection and use across western Alberta, Canada. Made possible by newly available fine-scale snow cover data, this research tests a hypothesis that grizzly bears select for locations with less snow cover and areas where snow melts sooner during spring (den emergence to May 31st). Using Integrated Step Selection Analysis, a series of models were built to examine whether snow cover information such as fractional snow covered area and date of snow melt improved models constructed based on previous knowledge of grizzly bear selection during the spring. Comparing four different models fit to 62 individual bear-years, we found that the inclusion of fractional snow covered area improved model fit 60% of the time based on Akaike Information Criterion tallies. Probability of use was then used to evaluate grizzly bear habitat use in response to snow and environmental attributes, including fractional snow covered area, date since snow melt, elevation, and distance to road. Results indicate grizzly bears select for lower elevation, snow-free locations during spring, which has important implications for management of threatened grizzly bear populations in consideration of changing climatic conditions. This study is an example of how fine spatial and temporal scale remote sensing data can be used to improve our understanding of wildlife habitat selection and use in relation to key environmental attributes.
Supplementary dataset to: Two Decades of Dust Radiative Forcing on Snow Cover Across the Great Salt Lake Basin (Lang et al. JGR-ES)
<p><strong><span>ForwardTrajASP.zip</span></strong></p> <p><span>This compressed file contains the output of forward trajectory model runs using the HYSPLIT-STILT modeling framework as described in the main manuscript. Each .csv file in the manuscript represents <span>an ensemble of forward trajectory simulations released at a specific time, latitude, and longitude as labeled in the file name. The columns with the output .csv files represent the following variables:<em> long</em> is the longitude, <em>lati</em> is the latitude, <em>zagl</em> is the trajectory above ground level, and <em>mlht</em> is the boundary height for that trajectory's respective horizontal location.</span></span></p> <p><strong><span>041823DepByElement.zip</span></strong></p> <p><span>The contents of this compressed file contain .tif images of CMAQ outputs for the model run on the April 18<sup>th</sup>, 2023, dust event. Deposition per area is given for hydrologic units over the state of Utah. The element and deposition type are given in the file names as well as within the files themselves.</span></p> <p><strong><span>AprMay2023TotalDep.zip </span></strong></p> <p><span>The contents of the compressed file contain three .tif images of CMAQ deposition outputs for combined wet and dry deposition of three major elements (Al, Si, Na) for all dust events in April and May of 2023 within the state of Utah. The outlines of the Bear, Weber, and Jordan basins are shown in black. </span></p>
Historical snow cover data for Hawaii
<p>Compiled snow cover data for Hawaii from monthly weather reports since 1893. Continuous monthly entries for 1893-1953.</p> <p>Sources:<br> * Climatological Data Publications 1905-2016. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.<br> * Weather Record for Honolulu and the Hawaiian Islands 1893-1904. Hawaiian Weather Bureau.<br> * The Monthly Weather Review 1901-1904.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Grizzly bear response to fine spatial and temporal scale spring snow cover in Western Alberta
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Near Real-Time MODIS/Terra L3 Global Daily 500m SIN Grid Snow Cover, Snow Albedo, and Snow Surface Properties, Version 1
This data set contains the following parameters: snow fraction (on the ground), viewable snow fraction, snow cover duration, snow grain size, dust concentration, snow albedo (on horizontal surface), snow albedo (on sloped surface), and radiative forcing. All variables are spatially and temporally complete after interpolation. Days without observation is also included so that users can determine how many days since a satellite observation occurred.The data set is derived from a version of the spectral mixture analysis (SMA) approach called the Snow Property Inversion from Remote Sensing (SPIReS, <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425725001464?via%3Dihub#bb0040">Bair et al, 2021</a>). This dataset uses surface reflectance inputs from <a href="https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/mod09gav061/">MOD09GA v6.1</a> and includes additional outputs not included in the original version of SPIReS: snow albedo and snow radiative forcing.The SPIReS SMA model considers three spectral endmembers: snow, shade, and a snow-free background reflectance, which is identified for each MODIS pixel as the average MOD09GA reflectance measured typically between 1 August and 30 September for a given year in the northern hemisphere. dust concentration is solved for simultaneously with fractional snow cover and snow grain size during the spectral unmixing process. SPIReS snow albedo are derived using a lookup table that incorporates snow grain size, dust concentration, and surface illumination (<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425725001464?via%3Dihub#bb0025">Bair et al., 2019</a>). After the fSCA, grain size, and dust concentration are determined, these properties are filled, smoothed, and adjusted for canopy gap size, shade, and permanent ice. SPIReS radiative forcing are derived using a lookup table that incorporates LAP concentration and clear sky incoming solar irradiance. Data are available from 01 October 2024 to present. These data are provided in the netCDF-4 format with a Sinusoidal projection and are currently available for the western United States (MODIS tiles h08v04, h08v05, h09v04, h09v05, h10v04). Additional tiles will be added over time. For data prior to 01 October 2024, please see the historical dataset (<a href="https://doi.org/10.7265/a3vr-c014">Rittger et al., 2025</a>) created by Snow Today at NSIDC.Data can be accessed via ftp://dtn.rc.colorado.edu/shares/snow-today/spires/SPIRES_NRT_V01Note: Authors Rittger, K. and Lenard, S. contributed equally to this work
MODIS/Terra Snow Cover 5-Min L2 Swath 500m NRT
MODIS/Terra Near Real Time (NRT) Snow Cover 5-Min L2 Swath 500m (MOD10_L2) contains snow cover and quality assurance (QA) data, latitudes, and longitudes in HDF-EOS format, along with corresponding metadata. Latitude and longitude geolocation fields are at 5 km resolution, while all other fields are at 500 m resolution. MODIS snow cover data are based on a snow mapping algorithm that employs a Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) and other criteria tests.
Central Asian Snow Cover from Hydrometeorological Surveys, Version 1
This data set provides observations of end of month snow depth, snow density, and snow water equivalent from three river basins in Central Asia: Amu Darya, Sir Darya, and Naryn. Temporal coverage varies for each snow point, with the longest station record extending from 1932 through 1990.
Near Real-Time MODIS/Terra L3 Global Daily 500m SIN Grid Snow Cover, Grain Size, and Dust Radiative Forcing, Version 1
This data set represents an updated version of the MODIS Snow Covered Area and Grain-size (MODSCAG) and MODIS Dust Radiative Forcing in Snow (MODDRF) data sets previously produced by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Data are derived from NASA LANCE near real-time MODIS/Terra surface reflectance data (<a href="https://lance.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/modis/">MOD09GA_NRT</a>) but are not themselves near real-time, nor part of NASA LANCE. This data set contains the following parameters: snow fraction, snow grain size (from the SCAG algorithm), vegetation fraction, rock fraction, ice fraction, shade fraction, deltavis, radiative forcing, and optical snow grain size (from the DRFS algorithm). Data are available from 1 November 2023 to the present for 16 regions in North America, and from 01 April 2025 to present over the South Island of New Zealand and the Andes mountains in Chile. Additional tiles will be added over time until global coverage is reached. These data are provided in netCDF format.
MODIS/Aqua Near Real Time (NRT) Snow Cover 5-Min L2 Swath 500m, Version 006
The MODIS/Aqua Near Real Time (NRT) Snow Cover 5-Min L2 Swath 500m (MYD10_L2) data set contains snow cover and Quality Assessment (QA) data, latitudes and longitudes in compressed Hierarchical Data Format-Earth Observing System (HDF-EOS) format, and corresponding metadata. Latitude and longitude geolocation fields are at 5 km resolution while all other fields are at 500 m resolution. Version 5 (V005), the latest version of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data available has two separate snow fields. The first field, snow cover, classifies each cloud-free land or inland water body pixel as snow-covered or snow-free, the second field, fractional snow cover, provides the percent of snow cover within each pixel for land and inland water bodies. MODIS snow cover data are based on a snow mapping algorithm that employs a Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) and other criteria tests. Data are stored in HDF-EOS format, and are available from 4 July 2002 to present. Data can also be obtained in GeoTIFF format by ordering the data through the Data Pool.
Rutgers Northern Hemisphere 24 km Weekly Snow Cover Extent, September 1980 Onward, Version 1
This data set provides weekly snow cover extent for the Northern Hemisphere in NetCDF format from September 1980 through most recent processing at a 24 km resolution.
Historical MODIS/Terra L3 Global Daily 500m SIN Grid Snow Cover, Snow Albedo, and Snow Physical Properties, Version 1
This data set represents a spatially and temporally complete (STC) version of the MODIS Snow Covered Area and Grain-size (MODSCAG) and MODIS Dust Radiative Forcing in Snow (MODDRFS) data sets produced by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and now produced and distributed by NSIDC DAAC as <a href="https://nsidc.org/data/modscgdrf_nrt/versions/1"> MODSCGDRF_NRT</a>. Data inputs for MODSCAG and MODDRFS used by the STC algorithm are derived from NASA historical MODIS/Terra surface reflectance data (<a href="https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/mod09gav006/">MOD09GA v006</a> before December 28, 2021 and <a href=https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/mod09gav061/>MOD09GA v061</a> onwards).The STC algorithm includes a suite of processes to improve the accuracy of MODSCAG/MODDRFS and adds additional information, notably snow albedo with and without the darkening from light absorbing particles. The STC algorithm accounts for off-nadir MODIS viewing geometry by weighting observations using the satellite view angle. STC uses the time series of data to better identify clouds whereas MODSCAG and MODDRFS use spectral tests which frequently include errors of omission and commission. STC uses forest height and the associated fractional vegetation simultaneously retrieved by MODSCAG for the same date and time to create an on-the-ground snow cover fraction. Finally, viewable snow cover fraction is used to remove biased retrievals of other variables. The resulting data is interpolated, resulting in a near-complete dataset. In addition, while the MODSCAG data sets do not include snow albedo, STC calculates clean snow albedo and snow albedo darkened by light absorbing impurities assuming both horizontal and sloped surfaces. This data set contains the following parameters: snow fraction (viewable and on the ground), snow albedo (clean and observed; on flat and on slope), snow darkening, snow radiative forcing, and snow grain size (from spectral mixture and the normalized difference grain size index). Data are available from 01 March 2000 to 30 September 2023 and are currently available for the western United States (MODIS tiles h08v04, h08v05, h09v04, h09v05, h10v04). MODIS tiles are provided in the Sinusoidal projection derived from input MOD09GA files. Additional tiles will be added over time. These data are provided in the netCDF-4 format with a Sinusoidal projection.
Northern Hemisphere Snow Cover Monthly Statistics at 1 Degree Resolution V001 (NHSNOWM) at GES DISC
This product is Snow Cover Statistics. The dataset was prepared by Dr. Peter Romanov at Cooperative Institute for Climate Studies(CICS) of the University of Maryland for Northern Eurasia Earth Science Partnership Initiative (NEESPI) program. The product includes the monthly snow statistics (frequency of occurrence) for Northern Hemisphere at 1x1 degree spatial resolution. The dataset covers the time period from January 2000 to November 2014. Monthly data were derived from daily snow cover charts produced at NOAA/NESDIS within Interactive Multisensor Ice Mapping System (IMS).
Reconstructed North American, Eurasian, and Northern Hemisphere Snow Cover Extent, 1915-1997, Version 1
This data set contains time series of monthly snow cover extent (SCE) for North America, Eurasia, and the Northern Hemisphere from 1915 to 1997, based on snow cover reconstruction and NOAA satellite data. In addition, the data set contains time series of annual variation in areally-averaged monthly snow depth and (SWE) for the North American grid domain used to derive the snow cover index.
Timing and Statistics of Autumn and Spring Annual Snow Cover for the Northern Hemisphere, 1972 to 2000, Version 1
This data set comprises a time series of annual snow cover data for the Northern Hemisphere (covering land primarily above 45 degrees North) from 1972 to 2000. Data are presented for land areas that exhibited snow cover in each of the 29 years. Variables are the week of snow disappearance, the week of snow cover onset, and the duration of the snow-free period. In addition, summary statistics for each parameter are provided. These are grids of the mean and the standard deviation for the three parameters.
VIIRS/JPSS1 Snow Cover 6-Min L2 Swath 375m NRT
The VJ110_NRT is Near Real Time (NRT) VIIRS/JPSS1 Snow Cover 6-Min L2 Swath 375m data set which reports the location of snow cover using radiance data acquired by the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board the NOAA-20 - formerly the Joint Polar Satellite System-1 (JPSS-1) satellite. Snow cover is identified using the Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) and a series of quality control screens. The VNP10_NRT product is provided in NETCDF format.More information can be find from VIIRS Land website at:https://viirsland.gsfc.nasa.gov/Products/NASA/SnowESDR.html
Western Italian Alps Monthly Snowfall and Snow Cover Duration, Version 1
This data set consists of snow observations for 18 stations in the western Italian Alps. Two types of data are included: monthly snowfall amounts and monthly snow cover duration in days. The period of record varies with each station, with the longest station record including data from 1877 to 1996. The average station record duration is approximately 61 years. Available stations range from 565 meters to 2720 meters in elevation. The data are summaries of snow stake measurements. Daily observations of total snow depth were generally made at 8 a.m. local time. Data were aquired using a snow measuring rod. Snowfall amount was defined as being any increase over the previous day's reading. This measurement may be an underestimate of as much as 10-20% due to snow pack settlement. However, this underestimation is fairly consistent for all measurements. The daily data were then totaled to yield the monthly values.
VIIRS/NPP Snow Cover 6-Min L2 Swath 375m NRT
The VNP10_NRT is Near Real Time (NRT) VIIRS/NPP Snow Cover 6-Min L2 Swath 375m data set which reports the location of snow cover using radiance data acquired by the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite. Snow cover is identified using the Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) and a series of quality control screens. The VNP10_NRT product is provided in NETCDF format.More information can be find from VIIRS Land website at:https://viirsland.gsfc.nasa.gov/Products/NASA/SnowESDR.html
MODIS/Terra Near Real Time (NRT) Snow Cover 5-Min L2 Swath 500m, Version 6
MODIS/Terra Near Real Time (NRT) Snow Cover 5-Min L2 Swath 500m (MOD10_L2) contains snow cover and quality assurance (QA) data, latitudes, and longitudes in HDF-EOS format, along with corresponding metadata. Latitude and longitude geolocation fields are at 5 km resolution, while all other fields are at 500 m resolution. Version 5 (V005) has two separate snow cover fields: one incorporating the original cloud mask, and another using a less cloud-conservative mask. MODIS/Terra V005 data extend from 24 February 2000 to present. MODIS snow cover data are based on a snow mapping algorithm that employs a Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) and other criteria tests. The only data available for Version 5 (V005) is the Golden Month, which is a sample of V004 data covering the time period 29 August 2002 (day of year 241) through 7 October 2002 (day of year 280). The Golden Month is only available by special request by contacting NSIDC User Services. Please note that NSIDC now has a complete series of Version 5 data, which is the highest version number now available and represents the best quality of data.
Historical MODIS/Terra L3 Global Daily 500m SIN Grid Snow Cover, Snow Albedo, and Snow Surface Properties, Version 1
This data set contains the following parameters: snow fraction (on the ground), viewable snow fraction, snow cover duration, snow grain size, dust concentration, snow albedo (on horizontal surface), snow albedo (on sloped surface), and radiative forcing. All variables are spatially and temporally complete after interpolation. Days without observation is also included so that users can determine how many days since a satellite observation occurred. The data set is derived from a version of the spectral mixture analysis (SMA) approach called the Snow Property Inversion from Remote Sensing (SPIReS, <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425725001464?via%3Dihub#bb0040">Bair et al, 2021</a>). This dataset uses surface reflectance inputs from <a href="https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/mod09gav061/">MOD09GA v6.1</a> and includes additional outputs not included in the original version of SPIReS: snow albedo and snow radiative forcing. The SPIReS SMA model considers three spectral endmembers: snow, shade, and a snow-free background reflectance, which is identified for each MODIS pixel as the average MOD09GA reflectance measured typically between 1 August and 30 September for a given year in the northern hemisphere. dust concentration is solved for simultaneously with fractional snow cover and snow grain size during the spectral unmixing process. SPIReS snow albedo are derived using a lookup table that incorporates snow grain size, dust concentration, and surface illumination (<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425725001464?via%3Dihub#bb0025">Bair et al., 2019</a>). After the fSCA, grain size, and dust concentration are determined, these properties are filled, smoothed, and adjusted for canopy gap size, shade, and permanent ice. SPIReS radiative forcing are derived using a lookup table that incorporates LAP concentration and clear sky incoming solar irradiance. Data are available from 01 March 2000 to 30 September 2024. These data are provided in the netCDF-4 format with a Sinusoidal projection and are currently available for the western United States (MODIS tiles h08v04, h08v05, h09v04, h09v05, h10v04). Additional tiles will be added over time. For data after 30 September 2024, please see the near real-time dataset (<a href="https://doi.org/10.7265/hs6b-zg21">Rittger et al., 2025</a>) created by Snow Today at NSIDC.Data can be accessed via ftp://dtn.rc.colorado.edu/shares/snow-today/spires/SPIRES_HIST_V01
VIIRS/NPP Snow Cover 6-Min L2 Swath 375m
This data set reports the location of snow cover using radiance data acquired by the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite. Snow cover is identified using the Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) and a series of quality control screens.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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