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151 results for “Soil Respiration”
Data from: Cross-biome patterns in soil microbial respiration predictable from evolutionary theory on thermal adaptation
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Responses of soil temperature, moisture, and respiration to five-year warming and nitrogen addition in a semi-arid grassland
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Data from: The drivers of respiration shift from soil nutrients to water with the increase in temperature
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Tree diversity effects on soil microbial biomass and respiration are context-dependent across forest diversity experiments
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Fire decreases soil respiration and its components in terrestrial ecosystems
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In situ soil respirations throughout the 2020 growing season across an N fertilization gradient:Nutrient Network. A cross-site investigation of bottom-up control over herbaceous plant community dynamics and ecosystem function.
This experiment is one implementation of a globally distributed experiment, known as the Nutrient Network. At Cedar Creek, as in over 70 other sites in grasslands around the world, the experiment aims to describe impacts of increased nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and other metals) and decreased herbivory (removal of mammals by fencing). Two overarching questions are being explored with these manipulations: 1. To what extent are plant production and diversity co-limited by multiple nutrients in herbaceous-dominated communities? 2. Under what conditions do grazers or fertilization control plant biomass, diversity, and composition? By utilizing identical protocols at diverse grassland sites around the world, NutNet aims to uncover both the generalities in ecosystem functioning, and the contingencies or differences which can obscure those common mechanisms. In addition to the standard NutNet protocol, e247 includes an additional low Nitrogen gradient (1 gram Nitrogen per meter squared per year and 5 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year in addition to the standard 10 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year).
SGS-LTER Graduate Student Research: Soil Respiration Rates as Biochemical Responses of US Great Plains Grasslands to Regional and Interannual Variability in Precipitation (1999-2001)
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. Additional information and referenced materials can be found: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/85531. Carbon (C) sequestration potential in grasslands is thought to be high due to the large soil organic carbon pools characteristic of these ecosystems. Inputs of C (aboveground net primary productivity) are highly correlated to precipitation across the Great Plains region; however, changes in C pool size at a specific site are governed by the relative input and output rates across time. Our objective was to quantify the ecosystem C response of three grassland community types (shortgrass steppe, mixed grass and tallgrass prairie) to interannual variation in precipitation. At five sites across a precipitation gradient in the Great Plains, we measured net primary production (NPP), soil respiration (SRESP), and litter decomposition rates for three consecutive years. NPP, SRESP, and litter decomposition increased from shortgrass steppe (175, 454, and 47 g C m-2 yr-1) to tallgrass prairie (408, 1221, and 348 g C m-2 yr-1 for NPP, SRESP, and litter decomposition respectively). Increased growing season precipitation between study years resulted in increased NPP, SRESP, and litter decomposition at almost all sites. However, the regional patterns of the interannual NPP, SRESP, and lit
Simultaneous measurements of soil and ecosystem respiration: advantages, lessons, and questions
<p>Simultaneous measurements of soil and ecosystem respiration (LI-8100 automated chambers, and eddy-flux tower - at night), in a Eucalyptus woodland near Sydney, Australia. <br> Also included in the dataset: soil temperature, soil moisture, air temperature, precipitation</p>
Data from: Multiple scales of spatial heterogeneity control soil respiration responses to precipitation across a dryland rainfall gradient
<p><i>Aims –</i> Soil respiration (R<sub>s</sub>) is a major pathway for releasing fixed carbon back to the atmosphere. However, controls over R<sub>s</sub> are poorly understood in arid and hyper-arid systems where microbial activity is frequently constrained by moisture. We addressed key uncertainties in R<sub>s</sub>: 1) How do short-term rainfall pulses affect R<sub>s</sub> at sites that differ in long-term precipitation inputs?, 2) how do R<sub>s</sub> responses to short and long-term rainfall differ across soil surfaces?, and 3) how are R<sub>s</sub> responses affected by local-scale attributes?</p> <p><i>Methods – </i>We measured R<sub>s</sub> responses to rainfall pulses over a 48 h period. Working across a climate gradient, we compared R<sub>s </sub>responses on two contrasting soil surfaces which both had two vegetation/soil morphology patch types that differed in organic matter inputs and accumulation.</p> <p><i>Results – </i>Rates of R<sub>s </sub>were low, but highly responsive to rainfall pulses. Stimulation of R<sub>s </sub>by rainfall was generally greater in areas with higher annual rainfall. However, patterns for R<sub>s </sub>responses to rainfall differed greatly on the two soil surfaces and among patch types.</p> <p><i>Conclusions – </i>The strong role of patch type and soil surface in controlling R<sub>s</sub> points to the need to carefully consider small-scale spatial and temporal variation when interpreting dryland biogeochemical fluxes.</p>
Automated total and heterotrophic soil respiration in semi-arid shrubland and annual invasive patches
<p>Soil respiration (Rs) is the largest terrestrial source of carbon (C) flux to the atmosphere but our understanding of Rs controls with shifts in plant-community composition remains limited. We used high frequency soil respiration measurements and root exclusion to evaluate how Rs component fluxes, autotrophic respiration (Ra) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh), vary between a perennial semi-arid shrub community and annual invasive community. </p>
Nitrogen enrichment causes the thermal adaptation of soil microbial respiration
<p>As the climate warms, the feedback between soil carbon (C) and climate has the potential to decrease in magnitude over time due to the thermal adaptation of microbial respiration. However, the strength of microbial thermal adaptation (i.e., the degree to which microbial respiration adapts to temperature change) is uncertain, partly because the response of microbial respiration is regulated by multiple environmental factors acting simultaneously rather than by temperature alone; however, the combined effects of an environmental factor and warming on the thermal adaptation of microbial respiration have never been assessed. Using a 9-year two-way factorial experiment involving warming (daytime: 1.80℃; nighttime: 0.77℃) and nitrogen (N) enrichment (up to 15 g m<sup>-2</sup> y<sup>-1</sup>) treatments in an alpine permafrost on the Tibetan Plateau, we show that microbial respiration adapts to warming only under exogenous N enrichment and that the strength of thermal adaptation gradually increases as N enrichment increases. We identified two contrasting pathways by which N enrichment appears to affect the strength of thermal adaptation—via an increase caused by soil acidification and a decrease caused by the inhibition of soil C availability and stimulation of soil C-degrading enzymes—with a net positive effect of N enrichment on microbial thermal adaptation. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering multiple environmental change factors in shaping the strength of thermal adaptation when predicting future soil C-climate feedbacks.</p>
Data from: Exposure to dairy manure leads to greater antibiotic resistance and increased mass-specific respiration in soil microbial communities
Intensifying livestock production to meet the demands of a growing global population coincides with increases in both the administration of veterinary antibiotics and manure inputs to soils. These trends have the potential to increase antibiotic resistance in soil microbial communities. The effect of maintaining increased antibiotic resistance on soil microbial communities and the ecosystem processes they regulate is unknown. We compare soil microbial communities from paired reference and dairy manure-exposed sites across the USA. Given that manure exposure has been shown to elicit increased antibiotic resistance in soil microbial communities, we expect that manure-exposed sites will exhibit (i) compositionally different soil microbial communities, with shifts toward taxa known to exhibit resistance; (ii) greater abundance of antibiotic resistance genes; and (iii) corresponding maintenance of antibiotic resistance would lead to decreased microbial efficiency. We found that bacterial and fungal communities differed between reference and manure-exposed sites. Additionally, the β-lactam resistance gene ampC was 5.2-fold greater under manure exposure, potentially due to the use of cephalosporin antibiotics in dairy herds. Finally, ampC abundance was positively correlated with indicators of microbial stress, and microbial mass-specific respiration, which increased 2.1-fold under manure exposure. These findings demonstrate that the maintenance of antibiotic resistance associated with manure inputs alters soil microbial communities and ecosystem function.
Data from: Unraveling the mechanisms underlying pulse dynamics of soil respiration in tropical dry forests
Tropical dry forests are already undergoing changes in the quantity and timing of rainfall, but there is great uncertainty over how these shifts will affect belowground carbon (C) cycling. While it has long been known that dry soils quickly release carbon dioxide (CO2) upon rewetting, the mechanisms underlying the so-called 'Birch effect' are still debated. Here, we quantified soil respiration pulses and their biotic predictors in response to simulated precipitation events in a regenerating tropical dry forest in Costa Rica. We also simulated the observed rewetting CO2 pulses with two soil carbon models: a conventional model assuming first-order decay rates of soil organic matter, and an enzyme- catalyzed model with Michaelis–Menten kinetics. We found that rewetting of dry soils produced an immediate and dramatic pulse of CO2, accompanied by rapid immobilization of nitrogen into the microbial biomass. However, the magnitude of the rewetting CO2 pulse was highly variable at fine spatial scales, and was well correlated with the size of the dissolved organic C pool prior to rewetting. Both the enzyme-catalyzed and conventional models were able to reproduce the Birch effect when respiration was coupled directly to microbial C uptake, although models differed in their ability to yield realistic estimates of SOC and microbial biomass pool sizes and dynamics. Our results suggest that changes in the timing and intensity of rainfall events in tropical dry forests will exert strong influence on ecosystem C balance by affecting the dynamics of microbial biomass growth.
Data from: Responses of growing‐season soil respiration to water and nitrogen addition as affected by grazing intensity
1. Most grasslands in the world, including the semi-arid steppe in China, are threatened by nitrogen deposition, precipitation change, and livestock grazing, which greatly affect soil carbon processes (e. g., soil respiration). Although the individual effects of nitrogen deposition and precipitation change on soil respiration are well understood, how their effects on soil respiration are altered by different grazing intensities is unclear. 2. To determine how the effects of nitrogen deposition and precipitation change on soil respiration are affected by grazing intensity, we conducted an experiment in a semi-arid steppe involving areas that experienced 10 years of no, light, moderate, or heavy grazing. These areas were treated with water addition (110 mm, 30% of the mean annual precipitation) and nitrogen addition (10.5 g m-2 yr-1). 3. Our results showed that relative to no grazing, grazing decreased growing-season soil respiration by 10-19%. The decline in soil respiration was mainly via its negative effects on aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and the fungi:bacteria ratio with light grazing, mainly via its negative effects on ANPP and leaf nitrogen content with moderate grazing, and mainly via its negative effects on ANPP, root biomass, microbial biomass, and the fungi:bacteria ratio with heavy grazing. 4. Across all grazing intensities, both water and water+nitrogen addition increased growing-season soil respiration, whereas nitrogen addition decreased growing-season soil respiration. Water addition increased growing-season soil respiration mostly via its positive effect on ANPP with no grazing and with low grazing, and mostly via its positive effects on both plant and microbial variables with moderate and heavy grazing. The pathways determining the nitrogen addition-induced decline in growing-season soil respiration was the same within each of the four levels of grazing and mostly resulted from its negative effect on microbial variables. 5. Our results indicate that the effects of climate change on growing-season soil respiration and other soil carbon processes in grasslands depend on grazing intensity. The findings suggest that grazing intensity should be considered in future manipulation experiments and should be included in carbon models in order to accurately simulate soil carbon dynamics under scenarios of climate change in grassland ecosystems.
Data from: Interactive effects of grazing and global change factors on soil and ecosystem respiration in grassland ecosystems: a global synthesis
1.As the key carbon (C) fluxes between biosphere and atmosphere, soil respiration (Rs) and ecosystem respiration (Re) play vital roles in regulating global C balance and climate-biosphere feedback in the Earth system. Despite the fact that numerous manipulative studies and a few meta-analyses have been conducted to examine the responses of Rs and its components [i.e., autotrophic (Ra) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh)] as well as Re to grazing (G) or global change factors, the interactive effects between grazing and global change factors remain poorly understood. 2.Here we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of manipulative experiments with both grazing and global change factors to quantify their individual and interactive effects on Rs and its components as well as Re. 3.Our results showed that grazing and drought significantly decreased Rs by 12.35% and 20.95%, respectively, whereas warming (W), nitrogen addition (N) and increased precipitation (P) stimulated it by 2.12%, 5.49%, and 13.44%, respectively. Similarly, grazing, warming, nitrogen addition, and increased precipitation increased Re by 7.21%, 4.94%, 48.45%, and 21.57%, respectively, while drought decreased it by 16.86%. However, the combinations of grazing with warming (GW), nitrogen addition (GN) and increased precipitation (GP) exhibited non-significant effects on Rs. More importantly, additive interactions between grazing and global change factors exhibited a substantial predominance on Rs, Ra, Rh and Re rather than synergistic and antagonistic ones. 4.Synthesis and applications. Our findings highlight the crucial importance of the interactive effects between grazing and global change factors on Rs and Re. Therefore, incorporating this key influence on ecosystem processes into Earth system models could better improve the prediction of climate-grassland feedbacks and develop sustainable strategies for grassland management in the Anthropocene.17-May-2019
Soil respiration processed data at Palazzelli CREA_OFA citrus farm
<p>Soil respiration processed data at Palazzelli CREA_OFA citrus farm</p>
soil respiration data
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Seasonal and interannual variability of soil heterotrophic respiration and autotrophic respiration in typical grassland of Inner Mongolia
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Data from: Soil CO2 and O2 concentrations illuminate the relative importance of weathering and respiration to seasonal soil gas fluctuations
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Data for "Reactive nitrogen input and low rainfall mitigate soil respiration responses to warming"
<p>This dataset is used to make tables and figures for the paper entitled "Reactive nitrogen input and low rainfall mitigate soil respiration responses to warming" submitted to Ecology Letters in July 2022. It contains field monitoring data on soil respiration and ecosystem productivity and a meta-analysis database.</p>
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