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396 results for “Southern Hemisphere”
Data from: Does migration promote or inhibit diversification? A case study involving the dominant radiation of temperate Southern Hemisphere freshwater fishes
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FIGURE 13. Anguillosyllis hadra n in Anguillosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae) from multiple deep-water locations in the northern and southern hemispheres
FIGURE 13. Anguillosyllis hadra n. sp. Paratype (MCZ 148520): A, setigers 4–7; B, setigers 4–5; C, parapodial glands, setiger 5; D, parapodial gland, setiger 5; E, dorsal glands, setiger 5.
FIGURE 12. Anguillosyllis hadra n in Anguillosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae) from multiple deep-water locations in the northern and southern hemispheres
FIGURE 12. Anguillosyllis hadra n. sp. Holotype (MCZ 148522): A, entire specimen, dorsal view; B, setigers 1–2; C, setiger 3; D, setiger 6. Paratype (MCZ 148520): E, setiger 5, inset not to scale. Abbreviations: ac—anal cirri, Acb—acicular bump, aL—anterior lobe, dL—dorsal lobe, ExGl—external gland, InGl—internal gland, SeSac—setal sac.
FIGURE 7. Anguillosyllis acsara n in Anguillosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae) from multiple deep-water locations in the northern and southern hemispheres
FIGURE 7. Anguillosyllis acsara n. sp. Holotype (USNM 1480212): A, anterior end, dorsal view; B, posterior end, dorsal view; C, proventricle; D, tip of falciger; E, cross-section of body, not to scale. Paratype (USNM 1480213): F, setiger 3, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Acb—acicular bump, aL—anterior lobe, dL—dorsal lobe, dkGl—dark gland, ExGl—external gland, MGst—cells stained with Methyl Green, prov—proventricle, pVCa—post-ventricle caeca.
FIGURE 4 in Anguillosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae) from multiple deep-water locations in the northern and southern hemispheres
FIGURE 4. Anguillosyllis palpata (Hartman, 1967). Gulf of Farallones, CA (CASIZ 230481): A, anterior end with dorsal cirrus on setiger 2. ACSAR South Sta. 11 (USNM 1480229): B, dorsal view of setigers 9–11, showing pad of MG—stained glands on posteroventral edge of parapodia and lateral anal cirrus. Gulf of Farallones (CASIZ 230481): C, another view of anterior end with dorsal cirrus on setiger 2. D–E: photographs taken by J.A. Blake of live specimens from ANDEEP Sta. PS61-46-6, Drake Passage, 2894 m (JAB). Abbreviations: aCL—anal cirrus lateral, dC—dorsal cirrus, dL—dorsal lobe, per—peristomium.
FIGURE 14. Anguillosyllis hampsoni n in Anguillosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae) from multiple deep-water locations in the northern and southern hemispheres
FIGURE 14. Anguillosyllis hampsoni n. sp. Paratype (USNM 1480263): A, entire specimen, dorsal view; B, falcigers from setiger 3; C, anterior end including setigers 1 and 2, dorsal view; D, setiger 8, dorsal view; E, setigers 10 and 11, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Acb—acicular bump, aL—anterior lobe, dC—dorsal cirrus, dL—dorsal lobe, nuc—nuchal cilia, pL—posterior lobe, vC—ventral cirrus.
FIGURE 9. Anguillosyllis carolina n in Anguillosyllis (Annelida: Syllidae) from multiple deep-water locations in the northern and southern hemispheres
FIGURE 9. Anguillosyllis carolina n. sp. Holotype (USNM 1480214): A, entire specimen, dorsal view. B, setiger 2; C, setiger 5; D, setiger 10. Abbreviations: Acb—acicular bump, acic—acicula, aL—anterior lobe, dC—dorsal cirrus, nuc—nuchal cilia, ip—inner prostomium, op—outer prostomium, phar—pharynx, pL—posterior lobe, prst—prostomium, tC—tentacular cirrus, vC—ventral cirrus.
Haase et al. 2020 - Sensitivity of the southern hemisphere circumpolar jet response to Antarctic ozone depletion: prescribed versus interactive chemistry
<p>Model data to reproduce the figures in Haase et al. "Sensitivity of the southern hemisphere circumpolar jet response to Antarctic ozone depletion: prescribed versus interactive chemistry" submitted to ACP in May 2020. These are based on NCAR's CESM1(WACCM) model with and without interactive chemistry. Detailed information on the model setup is to find in Haase et al. and references therein (https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-441).</p> <p>Version 1.1 is associated with the first revision of the manuscript (September 2020) that led to an additional figure (new Figure 10) in the paper. For details see additional notes.</p>
Data from: Phylogenomic analyses of Crassiclitellata support major Northern and Southern Hemisphere clades and a Pangaean origin for earthworms
Background: Earthworms (Crassiclitellata) are a diverse group of annelids of substantial ecological and economic importance. Earthworms are primarily terrestrial infaunal animals, and as such are probably rather poor natural dispersers. Therefore, the near global distribution of earthworms reflects an old and likely complex evolutionary history. Despite a long-standing interest in Crassiclitellata, relationships among and within major clades remain unresolved. Methods: In this study, we evaluate crassiclitellate phylogenetic relationships using 38 new transcriptomes in combination with publicly available transcriptome data. Our data include representatives of nearly all extant earthworm families and a representative of Moniligastridae, another terrestrial annelid group thought to be closely related to Crassiclitellata. We use a series of differentially filtered data matrices and analyses to examine the effects of data partitioning, missing data, compositional and branch-length heterogeneity, and outgroup inclusion. Results and discussion: We recover a consistent, strongly supported ingroup topology irrespective of differences in methodology. The topology supports two major earthworm clades, each of which consists of a Northern Hemisphere subclade and a Southern Hemisphere subclade. Divergence time analysis results are concordant with the hypothesis that these north-south splits are the result of the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea. Conclusions: These results support several recently proposed revisions to the classical understanding of earthworm phylogeny, reveal two major clades that seem to reflect Pangaean distributions, and raise new questions about earthworm evolutionary relationships.
Data from: Persistence and dispersal in a Southern Hemisphere glaciated landscape: the phylogeography of the spotted snow skink (Niveoscincus ocellatus) in Tasmania
Background: The aim of this research was to identify the effects of Pleistocene climate change on the distribution of fauna in Tasmania, and contrast this with biotic responses in other temperate regions in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere that experienced glacial activity during this epoch. This was achieved by examining the phylogeographic patterns in a widely distributed Tasmanian endemic reptile, Niveoscincus ocellatus. 204 individuals from 29 populations across the distributional range of N. ocellatus were surveyed for variation at two mitochondrial genes (ND2, ND4), and two nuclear genes (β-globin, RPS8). Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed using a range of methods (maximum parsimony, Bayesian inference and haplotype networks), and the demographic histories of populations were assessed (AMOVA, Tajima's D, Fu's Fs, mismatch distributions, extended Bayesian skyline plots, and relaxed random walk analyses). Results: There was a high degree of mitochondrial haplotype diversity (96 unique haplotypes) and phylogeographic structure, where spatially distinct groups were associated with Tasmania's Northeast and a large area covering Southeast and Central Tasmania. Phylogeographic structure was also present within each major group, but the degree varied regionally, being highest in the Northeast. Only the Southeastern group had a signature of demographic expansion, occurring during the Pleistocene but post-dating the Last Glacial Maximum. In contrast, nuclear DNA had low levels of variation and a lack of phylogeographic structure, and further loci should be surveyed to corroborate the mitochondrial inferences. Conclusions: The phylogeographic patterns of N. ocellatus indicate Pleistocene range and demographic expansion in N. ocellatus, particularly in the Southeast and Central areas of Tasmania. Expansion in Central and Southeastern areas appears to have been more recent in both demographic and spatial contexts, than in Northeast Tasmania, which is consistent with inferences for other taxa of greater stability and persistence in Northeast Tasmania during the Last Glacial Maximum. These phylogeographic patterns indicate contrasting demographic histories of populations in close proximity to areas directly affected by glaciers in the Southern Hemisphere during the LGM.
FIGURES 5–7 in The first record of Ennearthron Mellié, 1847 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Ciidae) in the Southern Hemisphere, with the description of a distinctive new species
FIGURES 5–7. Genitalia of Ennearthron victori sp. nov. (male, topotypes). 5. Whole view evidencing the ninth sternite (ixT), basal piece (bp), tegmen (teg) and median lobe (ml); the large and small arrows indicate, respectively, the hooked apical projection and the apical margin of the eighth sternite. 6. Detail of the eighth sternite; the large arrows indicate the lateral corners bearing setae; the dashed line (small arrow) reinforces the emarginate apical margin. 7. Detail of tegmen and median lobe; note the presence of papillae (arrows) near the small lateral projections of tegmen; some sparse papillae can also be observed in the middle of the median lobe. Scale bars 100µm.
FIGURES 1–4 in The first record of Ennearthron Mellié, 1847 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: Ciidae) in the Southern Hemisphere, with the description of a distinctive new species
FIGURES 1–4. Scanning electron microscopy of Ennearthron victori sp. nov. (male, topotypes) evidencing some features of the external morphology. 1. Whole ventral view; large and small arrows indicate, respectively, the produced frontoclypeal ridge and the protruded genitalia. 2. Detail of the first ventrite, which lacks any structure resembling a fovea or setose patch. 3. Lateral view of pronotum and head. 4. Antenna. Scale bars: 1mm (Fig. 1); 100µm (Fig. 2); 200µm (Fig. 3); 50µm (Fig. 4).
FIGURE 3. Pseudarachna nohinohi n in The first record of the crustacean isopod genus Pseudarachna Sars, 1897 (Isopoda: Asellota: Munnopsidae) from the Southern Hemisphere, with description of a new species from New Zealand
FIGURE 3. Pseudarachna nohinohi n. sp. A, female paratype, 2 mm (NIWA 23789); B, female paratype, 1.7 mm (NIWA 23789); C–F, female paratype, 2 mm (NIWA 23788). A, right pereopod 5; B, left pereopod 6; C, operculum; D, right pleopod 3; E, left pleopod 4; F, left pleopod 5.
FIGURE 2. Pseudarachna nohinohi n in The first record of the crustacean isopod genus Pseudarachna Sars, 1897 (Isopoda: Asellota: Munnopsidae) from the Southern Hemisphere, with description of a new species from New Zealand
FIGURE 2. Pseudarachna nohinohi n. sp. A–D, F, female paratype, 2 mm (NIWA 23788); E, G, female paratype, 1.7 mm (NIWA 23789). A, right maxilliped; B, left maxilliped palp, articles 4 and 5; C, right maxilla 1; D, right maxilla 2; E, left pereopod 1; F, left pereopod 2; G, left pereopod 7.
FIGURE 1. Pseudarachna nohinohi n in The first record of the crustacean isopod genus Pseudarachna Sars, 1897 (Isopoda: Asellota: Munnopsidae) from the Southern Hemisphere, with description of a new species from New Zealand
FIGURE 1. Pseudarachna nohinohi n. sp. A–C, female holotype, 1.7 mm (NIWA 23787); D, E, female paratype, 2 mm (NIWA 23788); F–H, female paratype, 1.7 mm (NIWA 23789). A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, cephalon; D, right antenna 1; E, right antenna 2; F, right mandible; G, left mandible; H, left uropod. Scale bar = 1 mm, for dorsal and lateral view only.
FIGURE 15. Xigonus patagoniensis. A in Revision of Southern Hemisphere Austronanus Hodgson, 1910, with two new genera and five new species of Paramunnidae (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellota)
FIGURE 15. Xigonus patagoniensis. A, paratype, female A; B, paratype male B; C, paratype, ovigerous female. p1, 2, pereopod I, II; pl1, pleopod I.
FIGURE 14. Xigonus patagoniensis. A in Revision of Southern Hemisphere Austronanus Hodgson, 1910, with two new genera and five new species of Paramunnidae (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellota)
FIGURE 14. Xigonus patagoniensis. A, paratype, female A; B, paratype male B. a, antenna; au, antennula; cv, ventral view of head; cx1, coxa I; mdp, mandible palp; op, operculum; up, uropod. Habitus scale bar for all three: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 13. Austronanus specimen A in Revision of Southern Hemisphere Austronanus Hodgson, 1910, with two new genera and five new species of Paramunnidae (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellota)
FIGURE 13. Austronanus specimen A. cv, ventral view of head; bas, basis; op, operculum; p1, pereopod I; up, uropod. Habitus scale bar: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 19 in Revision of Southern Hemisphere Austronanus Hodgson, 1910, with two new genera and five new species of Paramunnidae (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellota)
FIGURE 19. Stephenseniellus serraticornis, sp. nov. Holotype, male. a, antenna; au, antennula; cv, ventral view of head; cx1, coxa I; md, mandible; pe57, pereonites 57 with coxae; p1, pereopod I (redrawn from Stephensen, 1927: 360, fig. 25), pl12, pleopods I, II; pt, pleotelson; up, uropod; vv, ventral view. Habitus scale bar: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 12 in Revision of Southern Hemisphere Austronanus Hodgson, 1910, with two new genera and five new species of Paramunnidae (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellota)
FIGURE 12. Austronanus mawsoni, sp. nov. A, holotype, female; B, paratype, female B. op, operculum; p1, 2, pereopods I, II.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.