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opennotspecifiedJan 2022View details →

Figure 1 in Evidence for vocal diversity during physical interference at the perch in sympatric Carollia species (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae): a key to social organization and species coexistence?

Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree for species of the genus Carollia. Genus Rhinophylla served as an outgroup. The numbers above branches are posterior probability estimations. Note how the individuals of the study cluster together in the correct species. Carollia perspicillata are indicated in orange, Carollia sowelli in green and Carollia castanea in yellow.

opennotspecifiedJan 2022View details →

Figure 6 in Evidence for vocal diversity during physical interference at the perch in sympatric Carollia species (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae): a key to social organization and species coexistence?

Figure 6. Species discrimination based on a discriminant function analysis of acoustic parameters of dms syllables. Median values for each dyad were used in the analysis. The two discriminant functions (DF1 and DF2) are given with the percentage of variance explained. Carollia castanea (Cc) is represented by circles, Carollia sowelli (Cs) by triangles and Carollia perspicillata (Cp) by squares. The corresponding centroids are shown with a bigger symbol. For each species, 95% confidence ellipses are also plotted.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Data for: Interspecific competition and facilitation coexist in mixed-species bird flocks of montane coniferous forests in Taiwan

Besides competition, positive interactions also play an important role in shaping the social structure of mixed-species bird flocks. This study aimed to illuminate the interspecific interactions of competition and facilitation in mixed-species bird flocks. We recorded the foraging behavior and microhabitat use of flocking species in montane coniferous forests of Taiwan under different social contexts. Foraging niche breadth and niche-overlap with other flocking species were compared between individuals inside and outside of mixed flocks. For the three microhabitat variables (foraging locations, vertical strata, and horizontal strata), relationships between niche-overlaps of heterospecific pairs of these flocking species and their corresponding interspecific associations were determined using a simple linear regression. While in mixed flocks, two understory species, Taiwan Fulvetta Fulvetta formosana and Yellowish-bellied Bush-Warbler Horornis acanthizoides, shifted their foraging from shrubs upwards into coniferous trees. Meanwhile, Flamecrests (Regulus goodfellowi) moved downwards vertically within the canopy, and Black-throated Tits (Aegithalos concinnus) spread out horizontally along branches. In addition, Flamecrests applied many more sally-hovers inside of mixed flocks than outside of flocks. All four species are insectivores which might find it more difficult to obtain sufficient food during the colder winters when food resources become scarcer. Therefore, they may be using the increased vigilance afforded by the flock to expand their foraging niches and thus to increase their foraging opportunities inside mixed flocks. Furthermore, niche-overlaps of heterospecific pairs of the 11 common flocking species were positively correlated with their corresponding interspecific associations on all three microhabitat variables. These results indicate that a greater foraging niche-overlap between two flocking species would result in higher coexistence of the two species in mixed flocks. Consequently, facilitative interactions occurred in these mixed-species flocks in addition to competitive interactions.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Reproductive interference alters species coexistence in nematodes due to asymmetric sperm-induced harm

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opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Data for Coevolution and temporal dynamics of species interactions shape species coexistence

This dataset is the one used in our preprint "<a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.08.607160">Coevolution and temporal dynamics of species interactions shape species coexistence</a>". R codes to analyse these data can be found here: <a href="https://github.com/f-duchenne/Evolution_pheno_vs_morpho">https://github.com/f-duchenne/Evolution_pheno_vs_morpho</a> flow_pheno_empirical.csv and poll_pheno_empirical.csv contain the empirical phenological parameters for plant and pollinator species, respectively: the mean activity day (mu) and its standard deviation (sde) representing the duration of the activity period. matrices_empirical_networks.RData contains an R object with the 17 networks used. Plants are in rows and pollinators in columns, with each cell representing the average interaction value across sampling rounds, corrected by abundances. You can access it in R via: <div> <pre><code>#load data load("matrices_empirical_networks.RData") #see the structure (a list of 17 networks) str(networks) #access the first network networks[[1]]</code></pre> <pre> </pre> </div>

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

Data for "Completing the speciation cycle: Ecological niches and traits predict local species coexistence in birds across the globe"

These are files to replicate all analyses in our article: A data file in xlsx format. A phylogeny in nexus format. An R code for analyses.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: How do similarities in spatial distributions and interspecific associations affect the coexistence of Quercus species in the Baotianman National Nature Reserve, Henan, China

Congeneric species often have similar ecological characteristics and use similar resources. These similarities may make it easier for them to co-occur in a similar habitat but may also lead to strong competitions that limit their coexistence. Hence, how do similarities in congeneric species affect their coexistence exactly? This study mainly used spatial point pattern analysis in two 1 hm2 plots in the Baotianman National Nature Reserve, Henan, China, to compare the similarities in spatial distributions and interspecific associations of Quercus species. Results revealed that Quercus species were all aggregated under the complete spatial randomness null model, and aggregations were weaker under the heterogeneous Poisson process null model in each plot. The interspecific associations of Quercus species to non-Quercus species were very similar in Plot 1. However, they can be either positive or negative in different plots between the co-occurring Quercus species. The spatial distributions of congeneric species, interspecific associations with non-Quercus species, neighborhood richness around species, and species diversity were all different between the two plots. We found that congeneric species did have some similarities, and the closely related congeneric species can positive or negative associate with each other in different plots. The co-occurring congeneric species may have different survival strategies in different habitats. On one hand, competition among congenerics may lead to differentiation in resource utilization. On the other hand, their similar interspecific associations can strengthen their competitive ability and promote local exclusion to non-congeneric species to obtain more living space. Our results provide new knowledge for us to better understand the coexistence mechanisms of species.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Data from: Plastic responses of belowground foraging traits to soil phosphorus-rich patches across 17 coexisting AM tree species in a subtropical forest

1. Belowground plastic responses to soil nutrient "hot-spots" form a key nutrient foraging strategy of plants coexisting in natural ecosystems. However, it is unclear how plant species differ in these belowground plastic responses and how they co-vary. 2. Plastic responses to soil phosphorus (P)-rich patches of absorptive root, mycorrhizal, and exudation traits of 17 co-existing arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) tree species in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest were investigated using a root bag method. 3. There was considerable variation and heterogeneity in species-specific responses to P-rich patches. Negative log response ratios usually occurred for high-cost traits and positive log response ratios for low-cost traits. There were tradeoffs in the plastic responses between root acid phosphatase activity and extraradical hyphal length, which were unaffected by phylogeny, and between root acid phosphatase activity and specific root length. Thicker-rooted species responded to P-rich patches more through root exudation plasticity than mycorrhizal plasticity. Thinner-rooted species relied more on mycorrhizal plasticity. 4. Synthesis. Our results revealed diverse P foraging strategies comprising different combinations of plastic adjustments in absorptive root, mycorrhizal, and exudation traits among coexisting AM tree species, which suggest the potential for complementary exploitation of different soil P sources.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

Habitat heterogeneity, environmental feedbacks, and species coexistence across timescales (code and figures)

Classic ecological theory explains species coexistence in variable environments. While spatial variation is often treated as an intrinsic feature of a landscape, it may be shaped and even generated by the resident community. All species modify their local environment to some extent, driving changes that can feed back to affect the composition and coexistence of the community, potentially over timescales very different from population dynamics. We introduce a simple, nested modeling framework for community dynamics in heterogeneous environments, including the possible evolution of heterogeneity over time due to community-environment feedbacks. We use this model to derive analytical conditions for species coexistence in environments where heterogeneity is either fixed or shaped by feedbacks. Among other results, our approach reveals how dispersal and environmental specialization interact to shape realized patterns of habitat association and demonstrates that environmental feedbacks can tune landscape conditions to allow the stable coexistence of any number of species. Our flexible modeling framework helps explain feedback dynamics that arise in a wide range of ecosystems and offers a generic platform for exploring the interplay between species and landscape diversity.

FIGURES 21–26 in Descriptions of the new species of the genus Nepalmatoiulus Mauriès, 1983 from China, with notes on the closely coexisting species (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

FIGURES 21–26. Nepalmatoiulus simultaneus sp. nov., male holotype (ZMUM) and male paratype (FSCB). 21. Left promere of male-paratype, caudal view. 22. Left promere of male-holotype, caudal view. 23. Opisthomere, mesal view. 24. Distal part of left promere of male-paratype, caudal view. 25. Distal part of left promere of male-holotype, caudal view. 26. Velum, solenomere and accessory membrane. Abbreviations: a, protrusion; d, outgrowth of mesomeral process; m, accessory membrane. Scales: 10 μm (Fig. 24), 20 μm (Figs 25–26), 100 μm (Figs 21–23).

FIGURES 1–5 in Descriptions of the new species of the genus Nepalmatoiulus Mauriès, 1983 from China, with notes on the closely coexisting species (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

FIGURES 1–5. Nepalmatoiulus alternus sp. nov., male (Figs 1–4, FSCB) and female (Fig. 5, ZMUM) paratypes. 1. Leg pair 1, anterior view. 2. Leg 2, anterior view (mesapical oral seta broken off). 3. Coxae 2, anterior view. 4. Claw 2, anterior view. 5. Left vulva, caudal view. Scales: 10 μm (Fig. 4), 20 μm (Fig. 1), 100 μm (Figs 2–3, 5).

FIGURES 15–20 in Descriptions of the new species of the genus Nepalmatoiulus Mauriès, 1983 from China, with notes on the closely coexisting species (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

FIGURES 15–20. Nepalmatoiulus simultaneus sp. nov., male (Figs 15–18, 20, FSCB) and female (Fig. 19, ZMUM) paratypes. 15. Leg pair 1, anterior view. 16. Penis, caudal view. 17. Leg pair 2, anterior view. 18. Claw 2, anterior view. 19. Left vulva, lateral view. 20. Opisthomere, anteromesal view. Abbreviation: d, outgrowth of mesomeral process. Scales: 10 μm (Fig. 18), 20 μm (Figs 15–16), 100 μm (Figs 17, 19), 0.5 mm (Fig. 20).

FIGURE 39 in Descriptions of the new species of the genus Nepalmatoiulus Mauriès, 1983 from China, with notes on the closely coexisting species (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

FIGURE 39. Size relations of coexisting Nepalmatoiulus alternus sp. nov. (continuous lines, square - ♁, diamond - ♀) and Nepalmatoiulus simultaneus sp. nov. (stippled lines, heart - ♁, oval - ♀). H, midbody vertical diameter (mm), p.s., number of podous rings.

FIGURES 33–38 in Descriptions of the new species of the genus Nepalmatoiulus Mauriès, 1983 from China, with notes on the closely coexisting species (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

FIGURES 33–38. Nepalmatoiulus tuoxiaensis, sp. nov., male holotype (ZMUM). 33. Left promere, caudal view. 34. Distal part of flagellum. 35. Distal part of left promere, caudal view. 36. Opisthomere, mesal view. 37. Solenomere, mesal view. 38. Anterior part of opisthomere, mesal view. Abbreviation: ex, excavation. Scales: 10 μm (Figs 34–35, 37), 20 μm (Fig. 38), 100 μm (Figs 33, 36).

FIGURES 27–32 in Descriptions of the new species of the genus Nepalmatoiulus Mauriès, 1983 from China, with notes on the closely coexisting species (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

FIGURES 27–32. Nepalmatoiulus tuoxiaensis, sp. nov., male holotype (ZMUM). 27. Leg pair 1, anterior view. 28. Apex of leg 1, anterior view. 29. Leg pair 2, anterior view. 30. Coxae 2, anterior view. 31. Penis, caudal view. 32. Claw 2, anterior view. Scales: 10 μm (Figs 28, 32), 20 μm (Figs 30–31), 100 μm (Figs 27, 29).

FIGURES 6–10 in Descriptions of the new species of the genus Nepalmatoiulus Mauriès, 1983 from China, with notes on the closely coexisting species (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

FIGURES 6–10. Nepalmatoiulus alternus sp. nov., male paratype (FSCB). 6. Penis, caudal view. 7. Left promere, caudal view. 8. Right promere, caudal view. 9. Distal part of left promere, caudal view. 10. Distal part of right promere, caudal view. Abbreviations: a, protrusion; la, lateral angle. Scales: 20 μm (Figs 6, 9–10), 100 μm (Figs 7–8).

FIGURES 11–14 in Descriptions of the new species of the genus Nepalmatoiulus Mauriès, 1983 from China, with notes on the closely coexisting species (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

FIGURES 11–14. Nepalmatoiulus alternus sp. nov., male paratype (FSCB). 11. Opisthomere, mesal view. 12. Anterior part of opisthomere, mesal view. 13. Solenomere. 14. Opisthomere, anteromesal view. Abbreviations: bb, basal blade of solenomere; d, outgrowth of mesomeral process; ex, excavation; k, knobs. Scales: 10 μm (Figs 12–13), 100 μm (Fig. 11), 0.5 mm (Fig. 14).

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

Data from: Two common, often coexisting grassland plant species differ in their evolutionary potential in response to experimental drought

For terrestrial plant communities, the increase in frequency and intensity of drought events is considered as one of the most severe consequences of climate change. While single-species studies demonstrate that drought can lead to relatively rapid adaptive genetic changes, the evolutionary potential and constraints to selection need to be assessed in comparative approaches to draw more general conclusions. In a greenhouse experiment, we compare the phenotypic response and evolutionary potential of two co-occurring grassland plant species, Bromus erectus and Trifolium pratense, in two environments differing in water availability. We quantified variation in functional traits and reproductive fitness in response to drought and compared multivariate genetic variance-covariance matrices and predicted evolutionary responses between species. Species showed different drought adaptation strategies, reflected in both their species-specific phenotypic plasticity and predicted responses to selection indicating contrasting evolutionary potential under drought. In T. pratense we found evidence for stronger genetic constraints under drought compared to more favourable conditions, and for some traits plastic and predicted evolutionary responses to drought had opposing directions, likely limiting the potential for adaptive change. Our study contributes to a more detailed understanding of the evolutionary potential of species with different adaptive strategies in response to climate change and may help to inform future scenarios for semi-natural grassland ecosystems.

publicJan 2023View details →

Habitat heterogeneity, environmental feedbacks, and species coexistence across timescales (code and figures)

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