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Fig. 3 in Fossil population structure and mortality analysis of the cave bears from Urşilor Cave, north-western Romania

Fig. 3. Tripolar graphs showing the distribution of the teeth and mandibles (A) of cave bears from Urşilor (~45–40 calendar kyrs BP) in the three main age categories (according to Stiner 1994); and distribution of age classes (B) from different cave bear sites in the three main age categories, as proposed by Stiner (1994): NNVA (Normal Non-Violent Assemblage), grey dashed polygon; LS (Living age Structure), black dashed polygon.

Fig. 2 in Fossil population structure and mortality analysis of the cave bears from Urşilor Cave, north-western Romania

Fig. 2. Mortality profile of cave bears from Urşilor (~45–40 calendar kyrs BP). A. Right M1 (N = 44). B. Right M2 (N = 36). C. Left mandible (N = 82).

Fig. 1 in Fossil population structure and mortality analysis of the cave bears from Urşilor Cave, north-western Romania

Fig. 1. Geographic localization (A) and plan (C) of Urşilor Cave of Chişcău. B. Long profile (section) of the Excavation Chamber from the Scientific Reserve. D. Plan of the lower level of the cave (= Scientific Reserve).

Fig. 4 in Fossil population structure and mortality analysis of the cave bears from Urşilor Cave, north-western Romania

Fig. 4.Transverse diameters of all of the adult lower (A, N = 74) and upper (B, N = 105) cave bear canines from Urşilor (~45–40 calendar kyrs BP).

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Mechanical Simulation Analysis of skeleton gyroid structure (standard, double and graded)_Spoke11_WP4_Task4.1_MOST

<p>These data provide a foundation for understanding how each skeletal configuration handles stress, with practical implications for applications requiring tailored energy absorption and strength properties in lattice structures.</p>

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3D Printing Simulation Analysis of skeleton gyroid structure (standard, double and graded)_Spoke11_WP4_Task4.1_MOST

<p>These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and considerations in 3D printing complex lattice structures, emphasizing the importance of residual stress management, thermal stability, and print direction alignment for optimal mechanical performance.</p>

Figure 6 in Phylogenetic analysis of Zygaenoidea small-subunit rRNA structural variation implies initial oligophagy on cyanogenic host plants in larvae of the moth genus Zygaena (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

Figure 6. Secondary structure models of the highly variable proximal part of helix 43 (S6, Fig. 1) in Zygaeninae. All structures are based on thermodynamic folding by minimizing the free energy and have been calculated considering the entire nucleotide sequence of helix 43. The change in the Gibb's free energy (dG) refers to the S6 structure only. Applied ambiguity code: G/A = R, C/U = Y.

Figure 3 in Phylogenetic analysis of Zygaenoidea small-subunit rRNA structural variation implies initial oligophagy on cyanogenic host plants in larvae of the moth genus Zygaena (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

Figure 3. Consensus structure and base pair probability matrix of helix E23-5 (S3, Fig. 1) in Lepidoptera. Nucleotides in circles indicate consistent and/or compensatory substitutions. The size of squares in the grid is proportional to the probability of a base pairing. Note that the species Z. centaureae, Z. laeta and Z. huguenini have been omitted from this analysis because of their deviating secondary structure (compare with Fig. 4).

Figure 2 in Phylogenetic analysis of Zygaenoidea small-subunit rRNA structural variation implies initial oligophagy on cyanogenic host plants in larvae of the moth genus Zygaena (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

Figure 2. Distribution of pairwise tree edit distances between highly variable SSU rRNA secondary structure areas (S1–S6, Fig. 1) of Zygaenoidea excluding taxa of the subgenus Mesembrynus (top) and of Zygaena species belonging to the subgenus Mesembrynus only (bottom). The extreme values in the Zygaenoidea tree edit distance distribution on the right all involve Z. excelsa, a species showing a highly derived secondary structure in the area S6 (compare with Fig. 6).

Figure 1 in Phylogenetic analysis of Zygaenoidea small-subunit rRNA structural variation implies initial oligophagy on cyanogenic host plants in larvae of the moth genus Zygaena (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

Figure 1. Secondary structure model of the SSU (18S) rRNA gene sequence of Zygaena (Mesembrynus) sarpedon lusitanica Reiss, 1936 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae; accession no. AJ830858) and structure variation in the helices E10-1 and E23-12 among species of the subfamily Zygaeninae. Nucleotides in the model are continuously numbered beginning at the 5′-end of the molecule; tick marks identify every tenth base. Light shading indicate helices numbered according to Wuyts et al. (2002). S1–S6 (dark shades) denote areas with variable secondary structure in the subfamily Zygaeninae. Roman numerals specify the domains I, II, III and IV. The following ambiguity code has been applied: A/C = M, C/U = Y, G/A = R.

Figure 7 in Phylogenetic analysis of Zygaenoidea small-subunit rRNA structural variation implies initial oligophagy on cyanogenic host plants in larvae of the moth genus Zygaena (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

Figure 7. Neighbour-joining tree based on structural differences in the variable areas S1–S6 (compare with Fig. 1) of the small-subunit (18S) rRNA in taxa of the genus Zygaena. The topology is rooted with Reissita simonyi and Epizygaenella caschmirensis as outgroup. Taxa of the subgenus Mesembrynus are indicated by shading. Numbers in parentheses specify the number of species in a particular group.

Figure 5 in Phylogenetic analysis of Zygaenoidea small-subunit rRNA structural variation implies initial oligophagy on cyanogenic host plants in larvae of the moth genus Zygaena (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

Figure 5. Consensus structure and base pair probability matrix of the proximal part of helix 43 (S6, Fig. 1) in Lepidoptera. Nucleotides in circles indicate consistent and/or compensatory substitutions. The size of squares in the grid is proportional to the probability of a base pairing. Note that the unpaired nucleotides C and G in the helix will most likely bind in individual structures having this specific nucleotide combination, but non-Watson–Crick pairings are too frequent in the alignment for assuming a generally nucleotide interaction at this position in the consensus structure.

Fig. 9. a in Structural analysis of the Pimelodus maculatus (Lacépède, 1803) embryogenesis (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae)

Fig. 9. a - head detail, showing the otic vesicle, oral cavity, cephalic vesicle, closed mouth and eye. b - myogenesis process;

Fig. 2 in Structural analysis of the Pimelodus maculatus (Lacépède, 1803) embryogenesis (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae)

Fig. 2. Pimelodus maculatus embryos in segmentation stage: a - neurula; b - embryo with about 11 somites, optic vesicle,

Fig. 1 in Structural analysis of the Pimelodus maculatus (Lacépède, 1803) embryogenesis (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae)

Fig. 1. Embryonic development stages zygote, cleavage and gastrula in the Pimelodus maculatus. a - post-fertilization

Fig. 3 in Structural analysis of the Pimelodus maculatus (Lacépède, 1803) embryogenesis (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae)

Fig. 3. Pimelodus maculatus embryos in organogenesis (late segmentation phase) and hatching stage. a – more than 30

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Fig. 3. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis for the 13 in Trophic structure of a fish community in Bananal stream subbasin in Brasília National Park, Cerrado biome (Brazilian Savanna), DF

Fig. 3. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis for the 13 more abundant fish species' diet found in the Bananal stream subbasin, Paranoá Lake basin, DF. Indication of four groups A, B, C and D. Species abbreviations: Aspidoras fuscoguttatus (aspfus), Astyanax sp. (astsp), Characidium xanthopterum (chaxan), Hasemania sp. (hassp), Hyphessobrycon balbus (hypbal), Heptapterus sp. (hepsp), Knodus moenkhausii (knomoe), Kolpotocheirodon theloura (kolthe), Moenkhausia sp. (moesp), Phalloceros harpagos (phahar), Planaltina myersi (plamye), Rhamdia quelen (rhaque) and Rivulus pictus (rivpic).

Fig. 6 in Structural analysis of the Pimelodus maculatus (Lacépède, 1803) embryogenesis (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae)

Fig. 6. Histologicals sections of Pimelodus maculatus embryos. a- detail of the nucleus of the syncyctial layer, at morula

Fig. 7. a in Structural analysis of the Pimelodus maculatus (Lacépède, 1803) embryogenesis (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae)

Fig. 7. a - embryo section at gastrula stage (epiboly of 75%), staining: HE; b - embryo section at gastrula stage (epiboly of