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152 results for “Subarctic”
Dataset for: Heat wave-induced microbial thermal trait adaptation and its reversal in the Subarctic
<p>Climate change predictions suggest that arctic and subarctic ecosystems will be particularly affected by rising temperatures and extreme weather events, including severe heat waves. Temperature is one of the most important environmental factors controlling and regulating microbial decomposition in soils; therefore, it is critical to understand its impact on soil microorganisms and their feedback to climate warming. We conducted a warming experiment in a subarctic birch forest in North Sweden to test the effects of summer heat waves on the thermal trait distributions that define the temperature dependencies for microbial growth and respiration. We also determined the microbial temperature dependences 10 and 12 months after the heat wave simulation had ended to investigate the persistence of the thermal trait shifts. As a result of warming, the bacterial growth temperature dependence shifted to become warm-adapted, with a similar trend for fungal growth. For respiration, there was no shift in the temperature dependence. The shifts in thermal traits were not accompanied by changes in α- or β-diversity of the microbial community. Warming increased the fungal-to-bacterial growth ratio by 33% and decreased the microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) by 35%, and both these effects were caused by the reduction in moisture the warming treatments caused, while there was no evidence that substrate depletion had altered microbial processes. The warm-shifted bacterial thermal traits were partially restored within one winter but only fully recovered to match ambient conditions after one year. To conclude, summer heat waves in the Subarctic resulted in (i) shifts in microbial thermal trait distributions; (ii) lower microbial process rates caused by decreased moisture, not substrate depletion; and (iii) no detectable link between the microbial thermal trait shifts and community composition changes. </p>
Multi-scale soil moisture data and process-based modeling reveal the importance of lateral groundwater flow in a subarctic catchment
<p>Hydrological data measured in Lompolonjängänoja (LJO) catchment and used in Nousu et al.</p> <p> </p> <p>ET_fluxes.csv<br>- Eddy-covariance based, daily evapotranspiration (ET) fluxes [mm/d] at Kenttärova (NFOR) and Lompolojänkkä (NWET) stations</p> <p>GW_levels.csv<br>- Observed groundwater levels [m] relative to the ground surface measured around the LJO catchment</p> <p>Q_runoff.csv<br>- Observed specific discharge [mm/d] at the LJO catchment outlet</p> <p>THETA_kenttarova.csv<br>- Automatically measured soil moisture (i.e. volumetric water content [m3/m3]) around Kenttärova stations</p> <p>THETA_spatial.csv<br>- Manually measured soil moisture (i.e. volumetric water content [m3/m3]) around the LJO catchment</p>
Population dynamics of the glacial relict amphipod Monoporeia affinis in a subarctic lake
<p>Seasonal and interannual (2002–2019) variations in the abundance (ind. m<sup>-2</sup>) and population structure of the glacial relict amphipod <em>Monoporeia affinis</em> in a small subarctic Lake Krivoe (North-West of the Russian Federation) are presented. The study site (66⁰ 20.774′ N and 33⁰ 37.77′ E) was situated in the sublittoral zone at the depth of 8.5 m. Materials were collected from June 2002 to December 2019 mainly during the ice-free period (late May – October) as a rule, 4–5 times a season. <br> In addition, the next data sets used in interpretation of population dynamics are presented:<br> (1) Changes in mean near- bottom (7–8 m) temperature (± range) and mean chlorophyll <em>a</em> (0–7 m) concentration (<em>µ</em>g l<sup>-1</sup>) gat study site during open-water period (May – October) in 2002–2019.<br> (2) Changes in mean annual abundance (ind. m<sup>-2</sup>) of main macrobenthic taxa at study site in 2002–2019.</p>
Distribution. Arctic and subarctic waters S to ¢.50° N, Greenlandic and E European populations have their S distributional limits farther to the N at c.64° N. Young Belugas occasionally stray S of their normal distribution, and they have been seen near Long Island, New York, USA, and in the Seine River, France. in Monodontidae
Distribution. Arctic and subarctic waters S to ¢.50° N, Greenlandic and E European populations have their S distributional limits farther to the N at c.64° N. Young Belugas occasionally stray S of their normal distribution, and they have been seen near Long Island, New York, USA, and in the Seine River, France.
Distribution. Endemic to N Pacific Ocean, the majority ofrecords come from W North America from 32° 42° N to 54° 18' N, also recorded on the Pacific coast ofJapan from 35% to 41° 42° N. This suggests that distribution of this species spans the N Pacific Ocean, but with no records from the C Pacific Ocean, it remains possible that there are separate E and W populations. It has been suggested that distribution of this species is related to the deep current system of the subarctic. in Ziphiidae
Distribution. Endemic to N Pacific Ocean, the majority ofrecords come from W North America from 32° 42° N to 54° 18' N, also recorded on the Pacific coast ofJapan from 35% to 41° 42° N. This suggests that distribution of this species spans the N Pacific Ocean, but with no records from the C Pacific Ocean, it remains possible that there are separate E and W populations. It has been suggested that distribution of this species is related to the deep current system of the subarctic.
Distribution. Subarctic in N Atlantic and Arctic oceans, from Davis Strait, Baffin I, and N Hudson Bay, to Newfoundland and Gulf of Saint Lawrence (Canada) and E to Greenland, Iceland, N Norway, White Sea, and Barents and Kara seas (N Russia). in Phocidae
Distribution. Subarctic in N Atlantic and Arctic oceans, from Davis Strait, Baffin I, and N Hudson Bay, to Newfoundland and Gulf of Saint Lawrence (Canada) and E to Greenland, Iceland, N Norway, White Sea, and Barents and Kara seas (N Russia).
Subspecies and Distribution. E.b.barbatusErxleben,1777—NAtlanticandArcticoceansfromtheCCanadianArctictoBarentsandLaptevseas. E. b. nauticus Pallas, 1881 — Arctic and subarctic oceans E of Laptev Sea to the C Canadian Arctic, also petion Sea and Sea of Okhotsk S to Hokkaido, Japan. in Phocidae
Subspecies and Distribution. E.b.barbatusErxleben,1777—NAtlanticandArcticoceansfromtheCCanadianArctictoBarentsandLaptevseas. E. b. nauticus Pallas, 1881 — Arctic and subarctic oceans E of Laptev Sea to the C Canadian Arctic, also petion Sea and Sea of Okhotsk S to Hokkaido, Japan.
Distribution. Cold temperate to subarctic waters of the N Atlantic Ocean (including mouth of the Saint Lawrence River, Canada, but excluding the Baltic Sea), S to ¢.38° N in W Atlantic Ocean, and from S Svalbard to the Brittany coast, France, in the E Atlantic Ocean. in Delphinidae
Distribution. Cold temperate to subarctic waters of the N Atlantic Ocean (including mouth of the Saint Lawrence River, Canada, but excluding the Baltic Sea), S to ¢.38° N in W Atlantic Ocean, and from S Svalbard to the Brittany coast, France, in the E Atlantic Ocean.
Distribution. Temperate to subarctic waters of the N Atlantic including S Davis Strait, Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Barents Sea, and North Sea, S to Cape Cod (USA) in the E and the coasts of N France in the W. Extralimital sightings in the Baltic Sea, Bay of Biscay, and Iberian Peninsula. in Delphinidae
Distribution. Temperate to subarctic waters of the N Atlantic including S Davis Strait, Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Barents Sea, and North Sea, S to Cape Cod (USA) in the E and the coasts of N France in the W. Extralimital sightings in the Baltic Sea, Bay of Biscay, and Iberian Peninsula.
Dataset associated with: Increasing presence of non-native plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi during a 10-year survey along subarctic mountains roads
<p>Roads in cold climate mountains are known to be important vectors in the introduction and spread of non-native plant species. In the same context, mycorrhizal fungi communities are also altered by roads with a known positive effect on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi diversity and abundance in disturbed roadsides. However, to what degree these two effects of roads are intertwined and how they are evolving over time is not well understood. In this study we conducted repeated surveys of non-native plants and AM fungi between 2012 and 2022, in the northern Scandes mountains to investigate temporal changes and interactions between roads, mycorrhizal fungi, and non-native plants. We found that the upward spread of non-native plants and lateral spread away from the roadside into the natural vegetation were so far extremely limited, with only two out of 23 non-native species showing an increase in their upper elevational limit. However, non-native plant species cover did increase over the ten year period, especially at lower elevations, and non-native richness increased from 17 to 23 species. Likewise, we saw an increase in AM fungal abundance over the last four years along the roadsides at lower elevations. Furthermore, our results suggest that increases in non-native species are unlikely to be the driving cause of the observed increase in AM fungal abundance, as AM fungi colonization varied independently of non-native species cover dynamics. </p> <p>This is the associated datasets and R-code. Check out the ReadMe.txt-file for information on the different files.</p>
Augmented Net Primary Production in Arctic Ocean Sustained by Increased Subarctic Inflow Water
<p>Developing an optical classification-based chlorophyll (Chla) retrieval algorithm for the Arctic Ocean by matching in situ and remote sensing data. The statistical relationship between mixed layer depth integrated primary productivity (NPP) and sea surface Chla was also regressed from a large field measurement data set. Through principal component analysis and correlation analysis, NPP environmental driving factors were analyzed. Data sets include remote sensing reflectance data used to invert NPP and environmental drivers of NPP changes.</p>
Fig. 1 in Life history of the ground beetle Diacheila polita (Faldermann, 1835) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Subarctic and Arctic of North Europe and West Siberia
Fig. 1. Sex and age structure of the population of D. polita according to collecting by pitfall traps on Kolguyev Island in 2009. Рис. 1. Поло-воЗрастнаЯ структура популЯции D. polita по данным учётов почвенными ловуШками на о-ве Колгуев в 2009 г.
Data from: Comparative landscape genetic analysis of three Pacific salmon species from subarctic North America
We examined the assumption that landscape heterogeneity similarly influences the spatial distribution of genetic diversity in closely related and geographically overlapping species. Accordingly, we evaluated the influence of watershed affiliation and nine habitat variables from four categories (spatial isolation, habitat size, climate, and ecology) on population divergence in three species of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, O. kisutch, and O. keta) from three contiguous watersheds in subarctic North America. By incorporating spatial data we found that the three watersheds did not form the first level of hierarchical population structure as predicted. Instead, each species exhibited a broadly similar spatial pattern: a single coastal group with populations from all watersheds and one or more inland groups primarily in the largest watershed. These results imply that the spatial scale of conservation should extend across watersheds rather than at the watershed level which is the scale for fishery management. Three independent methods of multivariate analysis identified two variables as having influence on population divergence across all watersheds: precipitation in all species and subbasin area (SBA) in Chinook. Although we found general broad-scale congruence in the spatial patterns of population divergence and evidence that precipitation may influence population divergence in each species, we also found differences in the level of population divergence (coho > Chinook and chum) and evidence that SBA may influence population divergence only in Chinook. These differences among species support a species-specific approach to evaluating and planning for the influence of broad-scale impacts such as climate change.
Data from: Evolution of codfishes (Teleostei: Gadinae) in geographical and ecological space: evidence that physiological limits drove diversification of subarctic fishes
Aim: To develop a holistic biogeographical history of codfishes in the subfamily Gadinae based on historical relationships, ecological niche, and evolution of physiological tolerances. Two alternative diversification scenarios were tested in two co-distributed, Northern Hemisphere clades: (1) clade ancestors were temperate, and environmental niche has been conserved over evolutionary time, implying that speciation was driven by vicariance associated with ice sheet formation; and (2) clade ancestors were Arctic, and species convergently adapted to temperate environmental conditions, implying that speciation was driven by repeated adaption to temperate environments. Location: Northern Hemisphere Arctic and subarctic oceans. Methods: Fifty-five new sequences of four genes from 23 tissue samples were combined with 10 GenBank sequences to generate a time-calibrated phylogenetic hypothesis. Combining the phylogeny with information on species' ecological niche tolerances inferred from correlational models, I reconstructed ancestral environmental tolerances of each of the focal clades. These results were combined with Bayesian area-based biogeographical analysis and regional palaeoclimatic history to develop a holistic biogeographical history of Gadinae. Results: Of 18 environmental variables describing species' tolerances to salinity, temperature, sea ice concentration, and mixed layer depth, only mean, maximum and minimum sea bottom temperature, and mean and minimum sea surface temperature showed phylogenetic signal across Gadinae. Both ecological niche and geographical distributions of gadine fishes are largely conservative, but two clades contain both Pacific and Atlantic species. Focal clade divergence time estimates suggest a Pliocene origin for both, with further Pleistocene divergence. Main conclusions: Reconstructed ancestral environmental tolerances of crown cods and tomcods support a temperate origin of both groups. The timing of diversification of these two clades and the intolerance of temperate species to sea ice suggest that cyclical Arctic ice formation drove divergence. Future sea ice reduction may have dramatic consequences for distributions and persistence of commercially important species when currently allopatric temperate species come into secondary contact.
Figure 4 in First record of the whip-lash squid, Mastigoteuthis agassizii Verrill, 1881 (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Mastigoteuthidae) in the Subarctic Atlantic, with notes on its morphology and biology
Figure 4. Morphology of the female reproductive system of the Subarctic specimen of Mastigoteuthis agassizii. (a) Left nidamental gland; (b) left oviduct with oviducal gland (proximal funnel of the oviduct is detached); (c) basal part of the ovary; (d) oocytes. Scale bars: a–c = 0.5 mm; d = 0.1 mm.
Figure 3 in First record of the whip-lash squid, Mastigoteuthis agassizii Verrill, 1881 (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Mastigoteuthidae) in the Subarctic Atlantic, with notes on its morphology and biology
Figure 3. Morphology of suckers and radula of the Subarctic female specimen of Mastigoteuthis agassizii by scanning electron microscopy. (a, b) Proximal sucker from fourth arm; (c–f) radula: (c) complete radula; (d) rachidian tooth; (e) first lateral tooth; (f) second lateral and marginal teeth. Abbreviations: ac, additional cusp; lc, lateral cusp; l1, first lateral tooth; l2, second lateral tooth; m, marginal tooth; mc, main cusp; ms, mesocone; p, pegs of the papillated ring of sucker; pr, papillated ring of sucker; r, rachidian tooth; t, teeth of the inner ring of sucker. Scale bars: a, c = 200 μm; b = 100 μm; d, e = 50 μm.
Figure 1 in First record of the whip-lash squid, Mastigoteuthis agassizii Verrill, 1881 (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Mastigoteuthidae) in the Subarctic Atlantic, with notes on its morphology and biology
Figure 1. Distribution of Mastigoteuthis agassizii in the North Atlantic. (a) Known range (based on Lu and Clarke 1975; Santos et al. 2001a, 2001b; Vecchione and Pohle 2002; Roper and Jereb 2010; Vecchione et al. 2010; Vecchione and Young 2014c); (b) location of our samples; (c) supposed real northernmost border of the range.
Figure 2 in First record of the whip-lash squid, Mastigoteuthis agassizii Verrill, 1881 (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Mastigoteuthidae) in the Subarctic Atlantic, with notes on its morphology and biology
Figure 2. Morphology of the Subarctic specimens of Mastigoteuthis agassizii. (a, b) Dorsal and ventral views of male; (c, d) dorsal and ventral views of female; (e) integument of male; (f) funnel of female; (g) funnel-locking cartilage of male; (h) mantle-locking cartilage of male; (i) funnel-locking cartilage of female; (j) mantle-locking cartilage of female; (k, l) lower and upper beak of female. Abbreviations: atr, antitragus; ch, chromatophores; flc, funnel-locking cartilage; fp, funnel pocket; ph, photophores; r, rostrum; tr, tragus. Scale bars: a–d = 10 mm; e = 0.5 mm; f = 5 mm; g–l = 1 mm.
Figure 5 in First record of the whip-lash squid, Mastigoteuthis agassizii Verrill, 1881 (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Mastigoteuthidae) in the Subarctic Atlantic, with notes on its morphology and biology
Figure 5. Morphology of the male reproductive system of the Subarctic specimen of Mastigoteuthis agassizii. (a, b) Ventral view of spermatophoric complex; (c) dorsal view of spermatophoric complex; (d) ventral view of enlarged distal part of penis. Abbreviations: ep, enlarged distal part of penis; p, penis; sc I–sc VI, spermatophoric complex parts I–VI; sd, sperm duct; ss, spermatophoric sac. Scale bars: a–c = 1 mm; d = 0.2 mm.
Figure 5 in Cryptic subarctic diversity: a new bumblebee species from the Yukon and Alaska (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Figure 5. Estimate of the phylogenetic tree for the species of the subgenus Alpinobombus (Table 1), from a linked-tree BEAST analysis of COI sequences and PEPCK exon and intron sequences for each species (Williams et al. 2015), showing the relationships of Bombus kluanensis sp. nov. Values above the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities showing branch support. Values below the nodes are estimated dates of divergence in Ma (millions of years before the present) calibrated from a molecular estimate for the date of divergence between the subgenus Alpinobombus and the subgenus Bombus s. str. (Hines 2008). Grey bars show the 95% confidence limits on the estimated dates of divergence.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.