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Figure 3 from: Pellegrini MOO (2017) Morphological phylogeny of Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae) sheds light on a new infrageneric classification for the genus and novelties on the systematics of subtribe Tradescantiinae. PhytoKeys 89: 11-72. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388

Figure 3 - Strict consensus tree (length= 516 steps; CI= 0.3411; RI= 0.8039), showing the character state optimizations at each node of the cladogram, represented by circles. In each circle, the numbers above and below represent the character and character state numbers, respectively (as presented in Suppl. material 1). Tradescantia guatemalensis C.B.Clarke ex Donn.Sm. is depicted in red, to highlight its placement as sister to Elasis hirsuta (Kunth) D.R.Hunt.

Figure 6 from: Pellegrini MOO (2017) Morphological phylogeny of Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae) sheds light on a new infrageneric classification for the genus and novelties on the systematics of subtribe Tradescantiinae. PhytoKeys 89: 11-72. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388

Figure 6 - Floral morphology of subtribe Tradescantiinae s.l. A Tinantia Scheidw B Thyrsanthemum Pichon C Weldenia Schult.f. D–I Callisia Loefl. s.l.: D Cuthbertia Small E Aploleia Raf. (i.e. C. sect. Leptocallisia s.s.) F Callisia s.s. (i.e. C. sect. Callisia) G Callisia sect. Brachyphylla D.R.Hunt H Hadrodemas H.E.Moore (i.e. C. sect. Hadrodemas) I–J Tripogandra Raf. s.l.: I Callisia sect. Leptocallisia pro parte J Tripogandra s.s. K–L Elasis D.R.Hunt: K E. hirsuta (Kunth) D.R.Hunt L E. guatemalensis C.B.Clarke ex Donn.Sm.) M.Pell M Matudanthus D.R.Hunt N Gibasis Raf. O–T Tradescantia L. emend. M.Pell.: O T. subg. Austrotradescantia P–Q T. subg. Campelia R T. subg. Mandonia S T. subg. Setcreasea T T. subg. Tradescantia. A by E. Barbier, B, L, P by P. Acevedo-Rodriguez, C by S. Cross, D by D. Rankin, E by J. Amith, F, J, N–O, Q–T by M.O.O. Pellegrini, G by S. Eduardo, H by C. Willemsen, I by B.E. Hammel, K by A. Kay, and M by A. Garcia Mendoza.

Figure 2 from: Pellegrini MOO (2017) Morphological phylogeny of Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae) sheds light on a new infrageneric classification for the genus and novelties on the systematics of subtribe Tradescantiinae. PhytoKeys 89: 11-72. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388

Figure 2 - Anatomical characters used in the phylogenetic analysis. A leaf epidermis with silica crystals in specialized cells with thickened cell walls (Character 103–104), in Callisia multiflora (M.Martens & Galeotti) Standl B leaf epidermis with silica crystals in specialized cells without thickened cell walls (Character 103–104), bundle sheath in the mesophyll with longitudinal sclerenchymatic extensions (Character 105), in Gibasis pellucida (M.Martens & Galeotti) D.R.Hunt. C detail of the silica crystals in the leaf epidermis, in Tripogandra aff. glandulosa D raphides inside the raphide canals, evidencing the different morphology and position from the silica crystals in the leaf epidermis, in G. pellucida. All photos by S. Yankowski & F.B. Faden; A based on Spencer 92-308 (US), B, D based on Rosen 4645 (US), C based on Bogner 2381 (US).

Figure 13 from: Pellegrini MOO (2017) Morphological phylogeny of Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae) sheds light on a new infrageneric classification for the genus and novelties on the systematics of subtribe Tradescantiinae. PhytoKeys 89: 11-72. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388

Figure 13 - Tradescantia subg. Setcreasea (K.Schum. & Sydow) M.Pell. A–D habit: A prostrate habit with ascending apex to T. buckleyi (I.M.Johnst.) D.R.Hunt B the dwarf habit of T. pygmaea D.R.Hunt C erect habit of T. hirta D.R.Hunt D habit of T. rozynskii Matuda, showing the spirally-alternate and strongly complicate leaves E–F leaves: E young leaf of T. pallida (Rose) D.R.Hunt cv. Purpurea, showing the glabrous leaves with lanate hairs at the margin F branch of T. sillamontana Matuda, showing the distichously-alternate leaves, densely covered by lanate hairs G–H inflorescence: G main florescence of T. brevifolia H inflorescence of T. hirta I post-anthesis flower of T. sillamontana, showing the hyaline sepals. J–K flowers: J front view of a flower of T. sillamonata K front view of a flower of T. pallida L anther of T. pallida, showing the quadrangular connective and C-shaped anther sacs M style of T. pallida, showing the trilobate stigma. A by J.M. Jenkins, B by M. Egger, C by J.-P. Piquet, D by J. Vích, E, I–M by M.O.O. Pellegrini, F by D. Stang, G by K. Yatskievych, and H by O. Peri.

Figure 12 from: Pellegrini MOO (2017) Morphological phylogeny of Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae) sheds light on a new infrageneric classification for the genus and novelties on the systematics of subtribe Tradescantiinae. PhytoKeys 89: 11-72. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388

Figure 12 - Tradescantia subg. Mandonia (D.R.Hunt) M.Pell. A thick tuberous roots on T. boliviana (Hassk.) J.R.Grant. B–E habit: B vegetative shoot of T. ambigua Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f., showing the spirally-alternate leaves C flowering shoot of T. crassifolia Cav., showing the sessile and axillary inflorescences restricted to the apex of the branch D flowering shoot of T. ambigua Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f., showing the sessile and axillary inflorescences evenly distributed along the stem E rosette habit of T. iridescens Lindl., showing the inflorescences restricted to the apex of the stem or in lateral shoots F detail of an inflorescence of T. ambigua, with arrows indicating the reduced cincinni bracts G post-anthesis flower of T. boliviana, showing glandular-pubescent sepals and hispid immature capsule H–K flowers: H flower of T. ambigua at anthesis I flower of T. ambigua at post-anthesis, showing the spirally-coiled filaments J flower of T. boliviana at anthesis, showing the peculiarly long filaments and style; K flower of T. crassioflia at anthesis, showing the campanulate perianth L anther of T. ambigua, showing the C-shaped anther sacs and quadrangular and slightly curved connective M style of T. ambigua, showing the capitulate stigma. A, J by P. Christian (RarePlants.co.uk), B by E.O. Moura, C, K by T.R. Van Devender, D, I by L.J. Leitão, E by J.C. Garcia Morales, F, H, L–M by M.O.O. Pellegrini, and G by Instituto Darwinion.

Figure 14 from: Pellegrini MOO (2017) Morphological phylogeny of Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae) sheds light on a new infrageneric classification for the genus and novelties on the systematics of subtribe Tradescantiinae. PhytoKeys 89: 11-72. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388

Figure 14 - Tradescantia L. subg. Tradescantia. A tuberous roots of T. ohiensis Raf. B–D habit: B erect robust habit of T. ohiensis C erect delicate habit of T. pinetorum Greene D rosette habit of T. longipes E.S.Anderson & Woodson. E, leaf-sheath split at maturity of T. ohiensis F detail of the leaf-blade of T. ohiensis, showing the conspicuous secondary veins G–H inflorescence: G inflorescence of T. ohiensis, showing the saccate cincinni bracts H inflorescence of T. virginiana L., showing the non-saccate cincinni bracts and densely pubescent bracts, pedicels and sepals I floral bud of T. ohiensis, showing the non-gibbous pedicel apex J–L flowers: J front view of a flower of T. ohiensis K front view of a flower of T. pinetorum L oblique view of a flower of T. virginiana M anther of T. ohiensis, showing the quadrangular and slightly curved connective, and the C-shaped anther sacs. N, style of T. ohiensis, showing the capitate stigma. A–B, E–F, H–I, L by G. Davidse, C, K by R.W. Van Devender, D by B. Nellums, and G, J, M–N by M.O.O. Pellegrini.

Figure 11 from: Pellegrini MOO (2017) Morphological phylogeny of Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae) sheds light on a new infrageneric classification for the genus and novelties on the systematics of subtribe Tradescantiinae. PhytoKeys 89: 11-72. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388

Figure 11 - Distribution of Tradescantia subg. Mandonia (D.R.Hunt) M.Pell. in yellow, of T. subg. Setcreasea (K.Schum. & Sydow) M.Pell. in green, and Tradescantia L. subg. Tradescantia in pink.

Figure 10 from: Pellegrini MOO (2017) Morphological phylogeny of Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae) sheds light on a new infrageneric classification for the genus and novelties on the systematics of subtribe Tradescantiinae. PhytoKeys 89: 11-72. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388

Figure 10 - Tradescantia subg. Campelia (Rich.) M.Pell. A–B habit: A prostrate habit of T. zebrina Heyhn. ex Bosse, also showing the distichously-alternate, subpetiolate, striped leaves B rosette habit of T. spathacea Sw., also showing the spirally-alternate and sessile leaves C–E inflorescence: C synflorescence showing the presence of a coflorescence, also showing the berry-like fruits of T. zanonia (L.) Sw. D main florescence of T. polliae D.R.Hunt, showing the basally fused, folded, non-saccate, not overlapping, cincinni bracts and flat flower E main florescence of T. zanonia, showing the basally free, not folded, saccate, overlapping cincinni bracts, geniculate pedicels at anthesis and pre-anthesis, and the infundibuliform flower F–H flowers: F oblique view of a flower of T. zebrina G cluster of flowers of T. spathacea, showing the orange to red anther sacs H oblique view of a flower of T. commelinoides Schult. & Schult.f., showing the linearly-tapered connectives I anther of T. zanonia, showing the sagittate connective and round anther sac. J style of T. zanonia, showing the capitate stigma. A, C, E, F, I, J by M.O.O. Pellegrini, B by L. Gutierrez, D by F.A. Michelangeli, G by S. Neuwirth, and H by P. Acevedo-Rodriguez.

Figure 1 from: Pellegrini MOO (2017) Morphological phylogeny of Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae) sheds light on a new infrageneric classification for the genus and novelties on the systematics of subtribe Tradescantiinae. PhytoKeys 89: 11-72. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388

Figure 1 - Some macromorphological characters used in the phylogenetic analysis. A subpetiolate leaf (Character 8) and asymmetrical base (Character 16), in Tradescantia tenella Kunth B complicate leaves (Character 8), in Tradescantia crassula Link & Otto. C impressed secondary veins (Character 19), in Tradescantia fluminensis Vell D predominantly axillar to thyrse-like synflorescence (Character 24), in Callisia repens (Jacq.) L. E synflorescence with two paraclades (Character 26), in Tradescantia zanonia (L.) Sw. F contracted cincinni (Character 34), fused back to back (Character 35), vestigial cincinni bracts (Character 38), flower display of 60° (Character 48), shorter antesepalous stamens (Character 72), sigmoid filaments (Character 73), and zygomorphic androecium (Character 76), in Tripogandra diuretica (Mart.) Handlos G supernumerary cincinni bracts (Character 37), in Tradescantia praetermissa M.Pell H cincinni bracts saccate at base (Character 43), tubular flower (Character 47), fused petals (Character 60), clawed petals (Character 62), shorter antesepalous stamens (Character 72), connective expanded and transversally linear (Characters 77–80), round anther sacs (Characters 81–82), pollen white in vivo (Character 83), and trilobate stigma (Character 91), in Tradescantia zebrina Heynh. ex Bosse. I tubular flower (Character 47), pedicels geniculate at anthesis and pre-anthesis (Character 51), fused sepals (Character 53), filaments bearded with sparse and short hairs at mid-length (Characters 66–71), shorter antesepalous stamens (Character 72), connective expanded and transversally linear (Characters 77–80), round anther sacs (Characters 81–82), pollen white in vivo (Character 83), and trilobate stigma (Character 91), in T. zanonia J sepals all keeled (Character 56), in T. fluminensis K filaments basally bearded with dense and long hairs (Characters 66–71), connective expanded and rhomboid (Characters 77–80), anther sacs ellipsoid (Characters 81–82), and pollen yellow in vivo (Character 83), in T. fluminensis L pistil longer than the androecium (Character 86) and punctate (Character 91), in Tradescantia cerinthoides Kunth. All photos by M.O.O. Pellegrini, except G by H. Huaylla.

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Figure 2 in Seasonality and forest edge as drivers of Tradescantia zebrina Hort. ex Bosse invasion in the Atlantic Forest

Figure 2. Mean numbers of dry biomass (A), leaf herbivory (B), leaf area (C) and leaf asymmetry (D) of Tradescantia zebrina in seasonal treatment (Winter, Spring, Summer and Autumn) in invaded areas of the Iguaçu National Park. Error bars are standard deviation.The same letter indicates that there is no significant difference between treatments (a posteriori test of general linear hypothesis; p <0.05).

Figure 8 from: Pellegrini MOO (2018) Wandering throughout South America: Taxonomic revision of Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia (D.R.Hunt) M.Pell. (Commelinaceae). PhytoKeys 101: 1-97. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.101.25057

Figure 8 Tradescantia atlantica M.Pell. A Estação Ecológica de Macaé de Cima, Nova Friburgo, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil B habit, showing the erect, fibrous and little branched stems C young shoot, showing the densely hispid indumentum D mature stem, showing the dark green to vinaceous and glabrous internodes with the leaf-opposed line of uniseriate hairs E–F inflorescence E overview of the inflorescence F detail of the main florescence, showing the unequal cincinni bracts G detail of the pedicels, showing the vinaceous colouration and glandular hairs H front view of a flower, showing the plicate petals I dorsal and ventral views of the seed, showing the rugose testa not cleft towards the embryotega and the hilum shorter than ½ the length of the seed. Photos by M.O.O. Pellegrini.

Figure 5 from: Pellegrini MOO (2018) Wandering throughout South America: Taxonomic revision of Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia (D.R.Hunt) M.Pell. (Commelinaceae). PhytoKeys 101: 1-97. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.101.25057

Figure 5 Inflorescence architecture in Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia A malformed main florescence of T. cymbispatha, showing the subopposite cincinni B detail of the synflorescence of T. crassula, showing an axillary inflorescence composed of solitary cincinnus and a terminal with the typical double-cincinni with non-saccate cincinni bracts C–D inflorescence in T. decora C inflorescence composed of 4-cincinni, showing the spathaceous and supernumerary bracts D synflorescence, showing main florescences and coflorescences ranging from regular double-cincinni to 3–5-cincinni E front view of the main florescence of T. fluminensis, showing the saccate cincinni bracts F dorsal view of the main florescence of T. mundula, showing the saccate cincinni bracts G main florescence of T. seubertiana, showing the unequal and non-saccate cincinni bracts H main florescence of T. tenella, showing the strongly unequal cincinni bracts I inflorescence of T. umbraculifera, showing the main florescence and a coflorescence emerging from the same leaf axil. All photos by M.O.O. Pellegrini, except C–D by H.M. Bünecker.

Figure 31 from: Pellegrini MOO (2018) Wandering throughout South America: Taxonomic revision of Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia (D.R.Hunt) M.Pell. (Commelinaceae). PhytoKeys 101: 1-97. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.101.25057

Figure 31 Distribution of Tradescantia tucumanensis M.Pell. Orange– Cerrado; Yellow– Chaco and Pantanal; Olive-green– Pampa; Dark green– Atlantic Forest; Purple– Andean Yungas.

Figure 4 from: Pellegrini MOO (2018) Wandering throughout South America: Taxonomic revision of Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia (D.R.Hunt) M.Pell. (Commelinaceae). PhytoKeys 101: 1-97. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.101.25057

Figure 4 Leaf variegation in Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia cultivars A habit of T. fluminensis, showing different degrees of yellow variegation in the same plant B sick leaf blade of T. decora, showing the white variegation and a necrotic spot C–D T. fluminensis with yellow variegation C sick branch, showing atrophied and almost completely lacking chlorophyll D sick leaf blade, showing small portions of chlorophyllate tissue and necrotic spots. E–H, T. mundula with pink to vinaceous variegation E habit, showing different variegation patterns and degrees in the same plant F healthy branch, showing leaves with stripes in shades of pink and lilac G sick branch, showing the almost complete lack of chlorophyll and the great amount anthocyanin on the abaxial side of the blades H sick branch, showing the almost complete lack of chlorophyll and the pink hue produced by the anthocyanin from the abaxial side of the blades. Photos by M.O.O. Pellegrini.

Figure 29 from: Pellegrini MOO (2018) Wandering throughout South America: Taxonomic revision of Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia (D.R.Hunt) M.Pell. (Commelinaceae). PhytoKeys 101: 1-97. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.101.25057

Figure 29 Distribution of Tradescantia tenella Kunth. Orange– Cerrado; Yellow– Chaco and Pantanal; Olive-green– Pampa; Dark green– Atlantic Forest.

Figure 28 from: Pellegrini MOO (2018) Wandering throughout South America: Taxonomic revision of Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia (D.R.Hunt) M.Pell. (Commelinaceae). PhytoKeys 101: 1-97. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.101.25057

Figure 28 Tradescantia tenella Kunth. A habit, showing the definite base and fruticose and erect stems B detail of the stem and leaf-sheath, showing the leaf-opposed line of uniseriate hairs and the setose leaf-sheath margin C detail of the adaxial side of the leaf-blade, showing the hirsute indumentum D adaxial side of the leaf-blade, showing the impressed secondary veins and the vinaceous stripe along the midvein E abaxial side of the leaf-blade, showing the subpetiole and the vinaceous colouration F detail of the inflorescence, showing the saccate and strongly unequal cincinni bracts G flower at post-anthesis showing the glandular-pubescent indumentum and the dorsal keels of the sepals H–I flowers H white petalled flower I light pink petaled flower J dorsal and ventral views of the seed, showing the rugose testa not cleft towards the embryotega and the hilum shorter than ½ the length of the seed. Photos by M.O.O. Pellegrini.

Figure 27 from: Pellegrini MOO (2018) Wandering throughout South America: Taxonomic revision of Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia (D.R.Hunt) M.Pell. (Commelinaceae). PhytoKeys 101: 1-97. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.101.25057

Figure 27 Distribution of Tradescantia seubertiana M.Pell. Yellow– Chaco and Pantanal; Olive-green– Pampa; Dark green– Atlantic Forest.

Figure 26 from: Pellegrini MOO (2018) Wandering throughout South America: Taxonomic revision of Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia (D.R.Hunt) M.Pell. (Commelinaceae). PhytoKeys 101: 1-97. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.101.25057

Figure 26 Tradescantia seubertiana M.Pell. A Serra do Corvo Branco, Santa Catarina, Brazil B habit, showing the erect stem C detail of the stem, leaf-sheath and leaf, showing the amplexicaulous leaf-blade base D detail of the stem, leaf-sheath and the abaxial side of the leaf-blade, showing the reddish-purple colouration and the complete absence of indumentum E detail of the inflorescence, showing the not saccate and unequal cincinni bracts F detail of the floral buds and flowers at post-anthesis, showing the reddish-purple colouration of the pedicels and sepals and the complete absence of indumentum G side view of a flower, showing the green sepals and pink petals H front view of a flower, showing the pistil longer than the stamens. Photos by M.O.O. Pellegrini.

Figure 24 from: Pellegrini MOO (2018) Wandering throughout South America: Taxonomic revision of Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia (D.R.Hunt) M.Pell. (Commelinaceae). PhytoKeys 101: 1-97. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.101.25057

Figure 24 Tradescantia mundula Kunth. A habit, showing the mat-forming prostrate stems B–C stems and leaf-sheaths B detail of a sparsely strigose stem, leaf-sheath and subpetiole C detail of a strigose stem, leaf-sheath, subpetiole and young leaves D–E leaves D adaxial side of the blade, showing the medium green colouration and impressed secondary veins E abaxial side of the blade, showing the vinaceous tinted colouration F detail of the inflorescence, showing the saccate cincinni bract base G detail of flower at post-anthesis, showing the pedicel's and sepals' velutine indumentum H front view of a flower, showing the flat petals I dorsal and ventral views of the seed, showing the costate testa not cleft towards the embryotega and the hilum ca. ½ the length of the seed. Field photos by M.O.O. Pellegrini.

Figure 7 from: Pellegrini MOO (2018) Wandering throughout South America: Taxonomic revision of Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia (D.R.Hunt) M.Pell. (Commelinaceae). PhytoKeys 101: 1-97. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.101.25057

Figure 7 Fruit and seed morphology in Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia. A mature and dehisced capsule of T. cerinthoides B dorsal and ventral views of the seed of T. crassula, showing the costate testa cleft towards the embryotega and the hilum longer than ½ the length of the seed C dorsal and ventral views of the seed of T. hertweckii, showing the costate testa not cleft towards the embryotega and the hilum equal to ½ the length of the seed D dorsal and ventral views of the seed of T. atlantica, showing the rugose testa not cleft towards the embryotega and hilum shorter than ½ the length of the seed. Photos by M.O.O. Pellegrini.