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Fig. 16 in Palaeoecology of the Spathian Virgin Formation (Utah, USA) and its implications for the Early Triassic recovery

Fig. 16. Trace fossils of the Spathian, Lower Triassic Virgin Formation. A. Thalassinoides cf. suevicus Rieth, 1932 in lower bedding plane view found at the base of beds containing sample BD−A−7, PIMUZ29586. B. Palaeophycus montanus Hall, 1847 in upper bedding plane view observed the lower calcareous unit of section HC−A. C. Spongeliomorpha isp. found at the base of grainstone which represents a lateral equivalent of BD−A−7 in the section BD−C. +

Fig. 14 in Palaeoecology of the Spathian Virgin Formation (Utah, USA) and its implications for the Early Triassic recovery

Fig. 14. Characteristics of the Protogusarella smithi Association showing frequency distribution, trophic nucleus (A) and ecological structure (B). The numbers in the pie−chart sections correspond with the species pertaining to each guild.

Fig. 15. A, B in Palaeoecology of the Spathian Virgin Formation (Utah, USA) and its implications for the Early Triassic recovery

Fig. 15. A, B. Characteristics of the Piarorhynchella triassica Association showing frequency distribution, trophic nucleus (A) and ecological structure (B). C, D. Characteristics of the Bakevellia costata Assemblage showing frequency distribution and trophic nucleus (C) and ecological structure (D). The numbers in the pie−chart sections correspond with the species pertaining to each guild.

Fig. 13 in Palaeoecology of the Spathian Virgin Formation (Utah, USA) and its implications for the Early Triassic recovery

Fig. 13. Characteristics of the Eumorphotis ericius Association showing frequency distribution, trophic nucleus (A) and ecological structure (B).The numbers in the pie−chart sections correspond with the species pertaining to each guild.

Fig. 12 in Palaeoecology of the Spathian Virgin Formation (Utah, USA) and its implications for the Early Triassic recovery

Fig. 12. Characteristics of the Bakevellia exporrecta Association showing frequency distribution and trophic nucleus (A) and ecological structure (B). The numbers in the pie−chart sections correspond with the species pertaining to each guild.

Fig. 11. Q in Palaeoecology of the Spathian Virgin Formation (Utah, USA) and its implications for the Early Triassic recovery

Fig. 11. Q (samples) and R−mode (species) cluster analysis using the unweighted paired group algorithm and Morisita index of similarity. Classes of abundances (circle size) represent the quintiles of absolute−abundance frequencies. Bootstrap values are shown in the white boxes within the Q−mode cluster. Dominance is given as D = 1−Simpson index. A. Bakevellia exporrecta Association. B. Eumorphotis ericius Association. C. Protogusarella smithi Association D. Piarorhynchella triassica Association. E. Bakevellia costata Assemblage. F. Main R−mode cluster incorporating the nuclei of several associations. G. Subcluster reflecting the nucleus of the Bakevellia exporrecta Association and it probably incorporates those species, which are adapted to low energy, softground conditions. H. Subcluster reflecting the nuclei of the Eumorphotis ericius Association and Protogusarella smithi Association, and it incorporates species adapted to high energy, near shore conditions.

Fig. 10 in Palaeoecology of the Spathian Virgin Formation (Utah, USA) and its implications for the Early Triassic recovery

Fig. 10. Fossil bivalves from the Spathian (Lower Triassic) Virgin Formation, Utah, USA. A. Astartidae sp. A, PIMUZ29588. B. Bakevellia exporrecta, PIMUZ29592. C. Bakevellia costata, PIMUZ29614. D. Myalinella sp. A, PIMUZ29597. E. Sementiconcha recuperator, PIMUZ29600. F. Protopis sp. A, PIMUZ29609. G. Leptochondria nuetzeli, PIMUZ29615. H. Eumorphotis virginensis, PIMUZ29616. I. Neoschizodus laevigatus, PIMUZ29599. J. Trigonodus cf. sandbergeri, PIMUZ29603. K. Trigonodus cf. orientalis, PIMUZ29604. L. Unionites cf. fassaensis, PIMUZ2960. M. Promyalina spathi, PIMUZ296102. N. Unionites cf. canalensis, PIMUZ29596. O. Promyalina putiatinensis, PIMUZ29601. P. Pernopecten sp. A., PIMUZ29590. Q. Eumorphotis ericius, PIMUZ29587. R. Eumorphotis cf. multiformis, PIMUZ29613. S. Eumorphotis cf. venetiana, PIMUZ29593. Scale bars 5 mm; except O, P, Q 10 mm.

Fig. 9 in Palaeoecology of the Spathian Virgin Formation (Utah, USA) and its implications for the Early Triassic recovery

Fig. 9. Fossils of the Spathian (Lower Triassic) Virgin Formation, Utah, USA. A. Natiria cf. costata, PIMUZ29595. B. Gastropod ind. A, PIMUZ29594. C. Piarorhynchella triassica, PIMUZ29589. D. Protogusarella smithi, PIMUZ29612. E. Field photograph of Holocrinus smithi, specimen not collected. Topmost limestone of Section HC−A. F. Tirolites sp. A, PIMUZ29591. G. Cypellospongia sp. A, PIMUZ29598. H. Spines of Miocidaris utahensis, PIMUZ29611. Scale bars 5 mm.

Fig. 8 in Palaeoecology of the Spathian Virgin Formation (Utah, USA) and its implications for the Early Triassic recovery

Fig. 8. Sedimentary facies of the Spathian, Lower Triassic in the Hurricane Cliffs area, Utah, USA. A. Middle part (~ 6–12 m) of the Virgin Formation at section HC−A showing the transition between lagoonal and intertidal siltstone to the overlying open marine siltstone. The black arrow heads point to the transgressive surface. Height of exposure is 6 m. B. Alternating marls and limestone in the middle part of the section HC−C interpreted as channel fill of the tidal inlet complex. C. Trough cross−bedded, highly sandy limestone of the upper shoreface capping the section HC−A. D. Hummocky cross−bedded sandstone with Skolithos isp. forming the top of section HC−B. E. Sandy limestone of the shoreface in the middle part (11 m) of section HC−A. F. Parallel stratified grainstone beds forming the topmost beds of HC−C. G. Lagoonal siltstone of the lower part of section HC−D. Height of exposure is 3 m. The hammer is 35 cm long.

Fig. 1 in Palaeoecology of the Spathian Virgin Formation (Utah, USA) and its implications for the Early Triassic recovery

Fig. 1. Localities of the sections mentioned in the text. A. Beaver Dam Area (samples BD and VR). B. Hurricane Cliff Area (samples HC). C. Overview map depicting the position of the study areas (A and B) around St. George, south−western Utah.

Fig. 4 in Palaeoecology of the Spathian Virgin Formation (Utah, USA) and its implications for the Early Triassic recovery

Fig. 4. Stratigraphic sections shown as weathering profile of the Spathian, Lower Triassic in the Beaver Dam Mountains area, Utah, USA. Bathymetric interpretation on the left. Locality map see Fig. 1B. A. Section BD−A. B. Section BD−B. C. Section VR.

Fig. 7 in Palaeoecology of the Spathian Virgin Formation (Utah, USA) and its implications for the Early Triassic recovery

Fig. 7. Stratigraphic sections shown as weathering profile of the Spathian, Lower Triassic in the Hurricane Cliffs area, Utah, USA. See Fig. 1B for locality map. A. Section HC−A. B. Section HC−B. C. Section H−C. D. Section HC−D.

Fig. 3 in Palaeoecology of the Spathian Virgin Formation (Utah, USA) and its implications for the Early Triassic recovery

Fig. 3. Palaeogeographic restorations after Blakey (2011). A. Global palaeogeography of the Early Triassic. B. Early Triassic palaeogeography of the western USA.

Fig. 2 in Palaeoecology of the Spathian Virgin Formation (Utah, USA) and its implications for the Early Triassic recovery

Fig. 2. Lithostratigraphic column of the Moenkopi Group in the investigated area. Thickness of lithostratigraphic units and the position of ammonite markers are schematic and not to scale. Presence of Anasibirites after Lucas et al. (2007), Tirolites after Poborski (1954), and Columbites after Bucher in Hautmann et al. (2012).

FIGURE 5 in Morphology and sediment deformation of downslope Brasilichnium trackways on a dune slipface in the Nugget Sandstone of northeastern Utah, USA

FIGURE 5. Composite photograph of the track-bearing surface of DNM 490. The crests of wind ripples are evident, especially near the center of the image, and provide a good indication of the primary dip direction of the slope of the dune. Scale bars equal 10 cm. Center scale bar distorted by photo stitching process.

FIGURE 8. Transverse trackway from locality 490 in Morphology and sediment deformation of downslope Brasilichnium trackways on a dune slipface in the Nugget Sandstone of northeastern Utah, USA

FIGURE 8. Transverse trackway from locality 490, in sections. These are enlargements of sections of the composite photo in Figure 7. Sections do not overlap, but do abut one another. 1, left side of trackway (cf. with Figure 6) is the top section. 2, the next section in the trackway, adjacent to and to the right of Figure 8.1. 3, the next section in the trackway, adjacent to and to the right of Figure 8.2. Scale bars equal 5 cm.

FIGURE 12 in Morphology and sediment deformation of downslope Brasilichnium trackways on a dune slipface in the Nugget Sandstone of northeastern Utah, USA

FIGURE 12. Segment of the trackway along the right side of UUIC 1873 that shows closely spaced tracks. The location of this figure is indicated by the large rectangle in Figure 3. Note also the impressions of digits on two of the tracks and the smaller anterior platforms of the manus tracks immediately anterior to the pes tracks.

FIGURE 4 in Morphology and sediment deformation of downslope Brasilichnium trackways on a dune slipface in the Nugget Sandstone of northeastern Utah, USA

FIGURE 4. Distant and near views of locality DNM 490. 1, site as approached from the southeast. Arrow points to track bearing surface. 2, the track surface of 490 is the large bedding plane surface on the erosional remnant of Nugget Sandstone.

FIGURE 1. UUIC 1873 in Morphology and sediment deformation of downslope Brasilichnium trackways on a dune slipface in the Nugget Sandstone of northeastern Utah, USA

FIGURE 1. UUIC 1873, slab of Nugget Sandstone bearing multiple trackways. 1, the slab as it is exhibited in the halls of the Frederick Albert Sutton Building of the University of Utah in Salt Lake City. 2, image of the slab rotated 150o clockwise to show the trackways in their original orientation. Scale bars equal 10 cm.

FIGURE 11 in Morphology and sediment deformation of downslope Brasilichnium trackways on a dune slipface in the Nugget Sandstone of northeastern Utah, USA

FIGURE 11. Detail of a track from the downslope trackway along the right side of UUIC 1873. The location of this figure is indicated by the small rectangle in Figure 3. Note the anterior platform, the posterior, slumped depression, and the small space for the foot filled with lighter colored sand.