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234 results for “Vertebrae”
Fig. 57. Dorsal vertebra C in The Osteology Of Alioramus, A Gracile And Long-Snouted Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Mongolia
Fig. 57. Dorsal vertebra C of the holotype specimen of Alioramus altai (IGM 100/1844) in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C), right lateral (D), dorsal (E), and ventral (F) views. Scale bar 5 5 cm. Abbreviations as in figure 55.
Fig. 52. Cervical vertebra 8 in The Osteology Of Alioramus, A Gracile And Long-Snouted Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Mongolia
Fig. 52. Cervical vertebra 8 of the holotype specimen of Alioramus altai (IGM 100/1844) in left lateral
Fig. 51. Cervical vertebra 7 in The Osteology Of Alioramus, A Gracile And Long-Snouted Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Mongolia
Fig. 51. Cervical vertebra 7 of the holotype specimen of Alioramus altai (IGM 100/1844) in left lateral (A), right lateral (B), anterior (C), posterior (D), dorsal (E), and ventral (F) views. Scale bar 5 5 cm. Abbreviations as in figure 47.
Fig. 50. Cervical vertebra 6 in The Osteology Of Alioramus, A Gracile And Long-Snouted Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Mongolia
Fig. 50. Cervical vertebra 6 of the holotype specimen of Alioramus altai (IGM 100/1844) in left lateral (A), right lateral (B), anterior (C), posterior (D), dorsal (E), and ventral (F) views. Scale bar 5 5 cm. Abbreviations as in figure 47.
Fig. 48. Cervical vertebra 4 in The Osteology Of Alioramus, A Gracile And Long-Snouted Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Mongolia
Fig. 48. Cervical vertebra 4 of the holotype specimen of Alioramus altai (IGM 100/1844) in left lateral (A), right lateral (B), anterior (C), posterior (D), dorsal (E), and ventral (F) views. Scale bar 5 5 cm. Abbreviations as in figure 47.
Fig. 47. Cervical vertebra 3 in The Osteology Of Alioramus, A Gracile And Long-Snouted Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Mongolia
Fig. 47. Cervical vertebra 3 of the holotype specimen of Alioramus altai (IGM 100/1844) in right lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views. Scale bar 5 5 cm. Abbreviations for this and all cervical vertebrae figures: accl, accessory lamina on anterior surface of transverse process; atvpfos, fossa on anterior surface of transverse process; diap, diapophysis; dmf, dorsomedial fossa on anterior surface of transverse process; dorsfos, fossa on dorsal surface of web of bone between pre- and postzygapophyses; dtvpfos, fossa on dorsal surface of transverse process; epi, epipophysis; epl, epipophyseal-prezygapophyseal lamina; for, foramen within ventrolateral fossa on anterior surface of transverse process; hyp, hypapophysis; ipodl, infrapostzygapophyseal lamina; iprdl, infraprezygapophyseal lamina; keel, keel on ventral surface of centrum; ns, neural spine; para, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcdlfd, fossa dorsal to posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcdlfv, fossa ventral to posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pf, pneumatic foramen (''pleurocoel''); posdl, postzygapodiapophyseal lamina; posf, postspinal fossa; postf, posterior centrum face; posz, postzygapophysis; predl, prezygapodiapophyseal lamina; pref, prespinal fossa; prez, prezygapophysis; sposl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; sprel, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tvp, transverse process; vlf, ventrolateral fossa on anterior surface of transverse process.
Fig. 56. Dorsal vertebra B in The Osteology Of Alioramus, A Gracile And Long-Snouted Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Mongolia
Fig. 56. Dorsal vertebra B of the holotype specimen of Alioramus altai (IGM 100/1844) in left lateral
Fig. 53. Cervical vertebra 9 in The Osteology Of Alioramus, A Gracile And Long-Snouted Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Mongolia
Fig. 53. Cervical vertebra 9 of the holotype specimen of Alioramus altai (IGM 100/1844) in left lateral
Fig. 59. Caudal vertebra A in The Osteology Of Alioramus, A Gracile And Long-Snouted Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Mongolia
Fig. 59. Caudal vertebra A of the holotype specimen of Alioramus altai (IGM 100/1844) in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C), right lateral (D), dorsal (E), and ventral (F) views. Scale bar 5 5 cm. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; de, dorsal expansion of neural spine; fos, fossa on lateral surface of neural spine; hypo, hyposphene; ncs, neurocentral suture; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; posf, postspinal fossa; posfos, posteriorly facing fossa ventral to postzygapophysis; posz, postzygapophysis; pref, prespinal fossa; se, spatulate distal expansion of transverse process; sposl, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprel, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; td, triangular depression on dorsal surface of vertebra where neural spine and transverse processes meet; tvp, transverse process.
Fig. 55. Dorsal vertebra A in The Osteology Of Alioramus, A Gracile And Long-Snouted Tyrannosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Late Cretaceous Of Mongolia
Fig. 55. Dorsal vertebra A of the holotype specimen of Alioramus altai (IGM 100/1844) in right lateral (A) and posterior (B) views. Scale bar 5 5 cm.. Abbreviations for this and other dorsal vertebrae figures: acclam, accessory lamina; acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; diap, diapophysis; hypa, hypantrum; hypo, hyposphene; idf, infradiapophyseal fossa; ipof, infrapostzygapophyseal fossa; iprf, infraprezygapophyseal fossa; para, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pf, pneumatic foramen; pfos, pneumatic fossa; posdl, posyzygapodiapophyseal lamina; posf, postspinal fossa; posz, postzygapophysis; predl, prezygapodiapophyseal lamina; pref, prespinal fossa; prez, prezygapophysis; sposl, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprel, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tvp, transverse process.
Experimental modification of morphology reveals the effects of the zygosphene-zygantrum joint on the range of motion of snake vertebrae
Variation in joint shape and soft tissue can alter range of motion (ROM) and create trade-offs between stability and flexibility. The shape of the distinctive zygosphene–zygantrum joint of snake vertebrae has been hypothesized to prevent axial torsion (twisting), but its function has never been tested experimentally. We used experimental manipulation of morphology to determine the role of the zygosphene–zygantrum articulation by micro-computed tomography (μCT) scanning and 3D printing two mid-body vertebrae with unaltered shape and with the zygosphene digitally removed for four species of phylogenetically diverse snakes. We recorded the angular ROM while manipulating the models in yaw (lateral bending), pitch (dorsoventral bending) and roll (axial torsion). Removing the zygosphene typically increased yaw and dorsal pitch ROM. In the normal vertebrae, roll was <2.5 deg for all combinations of pitch and yaw. Roll increased in altered vertebrae but only for combinations of high yaw and ventral pitch that were near or beyond the limits of normal vertebra ROM. In the prairie rattlesnake and brown tree snake, roll in the altered vertebrae was always limited by bony processes other than the zygosphene, whereas in the altered vertebrae of the corn snake and boa constrictor, roll ROM was unconstrained when the pre- and post-zygapophyses no longer overlapped. The zygosphene acts as a bony limit for yaw and dorsal pitch, indirectly preventing roll by precluding most pitch and yaw combinations where roll could occur and potentially allowing greater forces to be applied across the vertebral column than would be possible with only soft-tissue constraints.
"Peter" the T. rex, dorsal vertebra
***Tyrannosaurus rex* "Peter"** Specimen No. Peter_026; dorsal vertebra #8, base of neural arch with zygapophyses Peter was found in the Lance Formation in South Dakota, USA. He lived some 66 million years ago. 3D model by Palaeo3D. www.palaeo3d.com Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Qasr Hallabat cistern vertebra 3
This 7th cervical vertebra recovered from a cistern within Qasr Hallabat, Jordan and dates to the 8th - 10th centuries AD. 3D modeling and photography of this element was conducted under a permanent loan agreement between the Department of Antiquities of Jordan and East Carolina University Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
"Peter" the T. rex, caudal vertebra
***Tyrannosaurus rex* "Peter"** Specimen No. Peter_064; caudal vertebra #1, fragment of neural arch (fits Peter_033) Peter was found in the Lance Formation in South Dakota, USA. He lived some 66 million years ago. 3D model by Palaeo3D. www.palaeo3d.com Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Fish Vertebrae, Burned
Model by Charlie Hall Burnt fish vertebrae, from FPAN's collection. This model was made with Agisoft Metashape. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Second Cervical Vertebra
Human second cervical vertebra from the anthropology department's collections at University of North Carolina at Greensboro, modeled with the permission of Dr. Robert Anemone. Creator: Cory Henderson, undergraduate Anthropology and Biology student at University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Hardware: NextEngine Desktop 3D Scanner, Model 2020i Software: ScanStudioHD and RapidWorks Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
"Peter" the T. rex, dorsal vertebra
***Tyrannosaurus rex* "Peter"** Specimen No. Peter_020; dorsal vertebra #13, centrum Peter was found in the Lance Formation in South Dakota, USA. He lived some 66 million years ago. 3D model by Palaeo3D. www.palaeo3d.com Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Dog Vertebra (DB8B.2vL1)
Dog Vertebra Location: Broad Reach site (31CR218), Carteret County, North Carolina. Period: Middle to Late Woodland, Hanover and White Oak phases (ca. AD 200-1500). Material: dog bone (lumbar vertebra). Dimensions: body length, 25.1; body width, 19.5; body height, 13.0 mm; greatest height, 39.2.* Notes: First lumbar vertebra from a domestic dog (Canis familiaris) exhibiting a bent spinous process and irregular spinous process tuberosity, pathological changes that may have resulted from hauling heavy loads on the back. This vertebra is from Dog Burial 8B, an older adult female dog, excavated in 2006 by TRC, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. For additional information, contact Dr. Heather Lapham (hlapham@unc.edu), Research Laboratories of Archaeology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and visit http://archaeology.sites.unc.edu/home/rla/research/zooarchaeology-at-the-broad-reach-site/. *Measurements follow von den Driesch (1976:72-73; PL, BFcr, HFcr, and H). Model by Model by Chris LaMack. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Whale Vertebra
This large whale Vertebra was found on the seabed 30 years ago by local divers in the ballast-mound of a wreck in Mount's Bay, Cornwall. The wreck probably sank in the 17TH century. It is 0.53m across Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
"Peter" the T. rex, caudal vertebra
***Tyrannosaurus rex* "Peter"** Specimen No. Peter_022; caudal vertebra #5, neural arch Peter was found in the Lance Formation in South Dakota, USA. He lived some 66 million years ago. 3D model by Palaeo3D. www.palaeo3d.com Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.