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599 results for “Volatile”
Behavioral response of Aromia bungii adults to volatile compounds emitted by Prunus persica at different physiological status
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The data sheet of "Phytochemicals, Proximate Composition, Minerals and Volatile Oil Analysis of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. Fruits"
<p>The dataset of ‘Phytochemicals, Proximate Composition, Minerals and Volatile Oil Analysis of <em>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</em> DC. Fruits’</p>
Raw data for evaluation of Floral Volatile-Patterns in the Genus Narcissus using Gas Chromatography coupled Ion Mobility Spectrometry
<p>We used a commercial gaschromatography coupled ion mobility spectrometer, equipped with an integrated in-line enrichment system for fast, sensitive and automated analysis of floral volatile patterns in the genus <em>Narcissus</em>. The raw data of individual measurements are stored together with corresponding telemetry data as data matrices. The determined retention times and ion mobilities (series and columns) can be used for the identification of substances. The measured values (intensities) are used for a (semi)-quantoitative determination of individual substances.Based on these raw data, heatmaps can be generated in this way, which allow a comparison and potentially identification of floral volatiles. </p> <p>This data set is part of a proof of concept study for the use of GC-IMS in the investigation of flower volatiles.</p>
Database for accurate EI-MS spectra for volatile compounds identified in e-liquids for e-cigarettes
<p>Database of accurate EI-MS spectra, recorded using a GC-EI-TOF-MS instrument, for volatile and semi-volatile compounds tentatively identified in diluted e-liquids for e-smoking. Tentative identifications were based on normalized spectral matches above 75 (0-100 scale) with the low resolution NIST17 database, linear retention index differences between 50 units compared to literature values for semipolar (HP5-type) and Carbowax columns, and mass errors lower than 50 ppm for a minimum of two relevant ions in the spectra of each compound.</p> <p>The database can be used in combination with Library Editor software, included in MassHunter software. Experimental spectra were obtained after spectral deconvolution of GC-MS records for 1:100 diluted commercially available e-liquids</p>
Immature leaves are the dominant volatile sensing organs of maize
<p>Plants perceive herbivory induced volatiles and respond to them by upregulating their defenses. So far, the organs responsible for volatile perception remain poorly described. Here, we show that responsiveness to the herbivory induced green leaf volatile (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (HAC) in terms of volatile emission, transcriptional regulation and jasmonate defense hormone activation is largely constrained to younger maize leaves. Older leaves are much less sensitive to HAC. In a given leaf, responsiveness to HAC is high at immature developmental stages and drops off rapidly during maturation. Responsiveness to the non-volatile elicitor ZmPep3 shows an opposite pattern, demonstrating that this form of hyposmia (i.e. decreased sense of smell) is not due to a general defect in jasmonate defense signaling in mature leaves. Neither stomatal conductance nor leaf cuticle composition explain the unresponsiveness of older leaves to HAC, suggesting perception mechanisms upstream of jasmonate signaling as driving factors. Finally, we show that hyposmia in older leaves is not restricted to HAC, and extends to the full blend of herbivory induced volatiles. In conclusion, our work identifies immature maize leaves as dominant stress volatile sensing organs. The tight spatiotemporal control of volatile perception may facilitate within-plant defense signaling to protect young leaves, and may allow plants with complex architectures to explore the dynamic odor landscapes at the outer periphery of their shoots.</p>
Low water availability enhances volatile-mediated direct defenses but disturbs indirect defenses against herbivores
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Immature leaves are the dominant volatile sensing organs of maize
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Data from: Effect of altitude on volatile organic and phenolic compounds of artemisia brevifolia wall ex Dc. from the Western Himalayas
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Great tits (Parus major) flexibly learn that herbivore-induced plant volatiles indicate prey location – an experimental evidence with two tree species
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Rhizopus_stolonifer_40x_mag_Volatile_exposure
<p>This set of images show 9-10 examples of various volatile-exposed hyphae of R. stolonifer, NRRL 66455. Included is a spreadsheet of vacuole count data.</p>
Data from: Spatial scale, neighbouring plants and variation in plant volatiles interactively determine the strength of host-parasitoid relationships
Species-specific responses to the environment can moderate the strength of interactions between plants, herbivores and parasitoids. However, the ways in which characteristics of plants, such as genotypic variation in herbivore induced volatiles (HIPVs) that attract parasitoids, affect trophic interactions in different contexts of plant patch size and plant neighbourhood is not well understood. We conducted a factorial field experiment with white cabbage (<i>Brassica oleracea</i>) accessions that differ in the attractiveness of their HIPVs for parasitoids, in the context of different patch sizes and presence or absence of surrounding <i>Brassica nigra</i> plants. Parasitism rates of experimentally introduced <i>Pieris brassicae</i> caterpillars and the presence of naturally occurring <i>Pieris</i> spp. caterpillars in the plots were assessed throughout the growing season. The abundance of <i>Pieris</i> caterpillars was neither affected by cabbage accession nor plot size. Later in the season, when <i>B. nigra</i> plants had senesced, fewer caterpillars were found on cabbage plants in plots with a <i>B. nigra</i> border. Parasitism rates fluctuated over the season, and were not affected by plot size. However, the <i>B. nigra</i> border negatively affected parasitism rates on the accession that is less attractive to the parasitoid <i>Cotesia glomerata</i>, but not on the more attractive accession. Our results show that plant variation in HIPVs can differentially influence herbivores and parasitoids depending on characteristics of the surrounding vegetation context. These findings underscore the importance of considering the interaction between focal plant traits and neighbourhood context to reliably predict trophic cascades.
Data from: Bacterial phylogeny predicts volatile organic compound composition and olfactory response of an aphid parasitoid
There is increasing evidence that microorganisms emit a wide range of volatile compounds (mVOCs, microbial volatile organic compounds) that act as insect semiochemicals, and therefore play an important role in insect behaviour. Although it is generally believed that phylogenetically closely related microbes tend to have similar phenotypic characteristics and therefore may elicit similar responses in insects, currently little is known about whether the evolutionary history and phylogenetic relationships among microorganisms have an impact on insect-microbe interactions. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that phylogenetic relationships among 40 Bacillus strains isolated from diverse environmental sources predicted mVOC composition and the olfactory response of the generalist aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani. Results revealed that phylogenetically closely related Bacillus strains emitted similar blends of mVOCs and elicited a comparable olfactory response of A. colemani in Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, varying between attraction and repellence. Analysis of the chemical composition of the mVOC blends showed that all Bacillus strains produced a highly similar set of volatiles, but often in different concentrations and ratios. Benzaldehyde was produced in relatively high concentrations by strains that repel A. colemani, while attractive mVOC blends contained relatively higher amounts of acetoin, 2,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanedione, eucalyptol and isoamylamine. Overall, these results indicate that bacterial phylogeny had a strong impact on mVOC compositions and as a result on the olfactory responses of insects.
Impact of Helicoverpa zea salivary GOX on stomatal conductance and volatile emission of host plants
<p>This data set contain raw data associated with the manuscript titled "Silencing the alarm: An insect salivary enzyme closes plant stomata and inhibits volatile release". </p> <p>Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are widely recognized as ecologically important to plant. While the majority of studies focused on the induction of this "cry for help", little is known about whether insect herbivores have evolved mechanisms to reduce the release of HIPVs. Here we show that a caterpillar (<em>Helicoverpa zea</em>) salivary enzyme, glucose oxidase (GOX), commonly secreted on plant leaves causes stomatal closure and reductions in emissions of several HIPVs involved in plant defenses. We found that application of GOX to wounded regions of leaves led to reductions in stomatal conductance on tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>) and soybean (<em>Glycine max</em>) for at least two days. The role of GOX in reducing stomatal aperture was confirmed using GOX knockout lines of <em>H. zea</em> (CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis), and microscopic observations of stomata. In addition, GOX reduced the emission of several HIPVs during feeding by <em>H. zea</em>, including (Z)-3-hexenol, (Z)-jasmone, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, which are important air borne signals in plant defenses. Our findings highlight a novel mechanism where insect herbivore reduces the release of HIPVs during feeding by targeting fundamental plant structure (i.e. stomata), and the link between of stomatal dynamics and releases of HIPVs. We demonstrate the existence of HIPVs-interfering mechanisms as a potential evolutionary strategy for insect herbivores to interfere with plant air borne signals.</p>
Data from: Predatory lizards perceive plant-derived volatile odorants
Many lizards are olfactory foragers and prey upon herbivorous arthropods, yet their responses to common herbivore‐associated plant volatiles remain unknown. As such, their role in mediating plant indirect defenses also remains largely obscured. In this paper, we use a cotton‐swab odor presentation assay to ask whether lizards respond to two arthropod‐associated plant‐derived volatile compounds: 2‐(E)‐hexenal and hexanoic acid. We studied the response of two lizard species, Sceloporus virgatusand Aspidoscelis exsanguis, because they differ substantially in their foraging behavior. We found that the actively foraging A. exsanguisresponded strongly to hexanoic acid, whereas the ambush foraging S. virgatus responded to 2‐(E)‐hexenal—an herbivore‐associated plant volatile involved in indirect defense against herbivores. These findings indicate that S. virgatus may contribute to plant indirect defense and that a species' response to specific odorants is linked with foraging mode. Future studies can elucidate how lizards use various compounds to locate prey and how these responses impact plant‐herbivore interactions.
Accompanying Data - Nitrogenous Compound Utilization and Production of Volatile Organic Compounds among Commercial Wine Yeasts Highlight Strain-Specific Metabolic Diversity
<p>This repository contains all the data and some of the performed statistical analysis from all the measurements in the following paper: Scott Jr WT, Van Mastrigt O, Block DE, Notebaart RA, Smid EJ. Nitrogenous compound utilization and production of volatile organic compounds among commercial wine yeasts highlight strain-specific metabolic diversity. Microbiology spectrum. 2021 Aug 31;9(1):10-128.</p><p>Please cite: Scott Jr WT, Van Mastrigt O, Block DE, Notebaart RA, Smid EJ. Nitrogenous compound utilization and production of volatile organic compounds among commercial wine yeasts highlight strain-specific metabolic diversity. Microbiology spectrum. 2021 Aug 31;9(1):10-128.</p><p>Contact: Dr. William T. Scott (william.scott@wur.nl) or Dr. Eddy J. Smid (eddy.smid@wur.nl) for more information</p>
Data from: Microbial composition play the leading role in volatile fatty acid production in the fermentation of different scale of corn stover with rumen fluid
<p>Rumen fluid is a natural and green biocatalyst that can efficiently degrade biomass into volatile fatty acid (VFA) used to produce value-added materials. But the essence of high degradation efficiency in the rumen has not been fully analyzed. This study investigated the contribution of substrate structure and microbial composition to volatile fatty acid production in the fermentation of corn stover. The ball milled corn stover were innovatively applied to ferment with the rumen fluid collected at different digestion times. Exogeneous cellulase was also added to the ruminal fermentation to further reveal the inner mechanism. With prolonged digestion time, the microbial community relative abundance levels of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes increased from 29.98% to 72.74% and decreased from 51.76% to 22.11%, respectively. The highest VFA production of the corn stover was achieved via treatment with the rumen fluid collected at 24 h which was up to 9508 mg/L. The ball milled corn stover achieved high VFA production because of the more accessible substrate structure. The application of exogenous cellulase has no significant influence to the ruminal fermentation. The microbial community abundance contributed more to the VFA production compared with the substrate structures.</p>
Data from: Far red light increases maize volatile emissions in response to volatile cues from neighboring plants
<p>Plants perceive the presence and defense status of their neighbors through light and volatile cues, but how plants integrate both stimuli is poorly understood. We investigated if and how low Red to Far red light (R:FR) ratios, indicative of shading or canopy closure, affect maize (<em>Zea mays</em>) responses to herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), including the green leaf volatile (<em>Z</em>)-3-hexenyl acetate. We modulated light signaling and perception by using FR supplementation and a <em>phyB1phyB2</em> mutant, and we determined volatile release as a response readout. To gain mechanistic insights, we examined expression of volatile biosynthesis genes, hormone accumulation, and photosynthesis. Exposure to a full blend of HIPVs or (<em>Z</em>)-3-hexenyl acetate induced maize volatile release. Short-term FR supplementation increased this response. In contrast, prolonged FR supplementation or constitutive phytochrome B inactivation in <em>phyB1phyB2 </em>plants showed the opposite response. Short-term FR supplementation enhanced photosynthesis and stomatal conductance and (<em>Z</em>)-3-hexenyl acetate-induced JA-Ile levels. We conclude that a FR-enriched light environment can prompt maize plants to respond more strongly to HIPVs emitted by neighbors, which might be explained by changes in photosynthetic processes and phytochrome B signaling. Our findings reveal interactive responses to light and volatile cues with potentially important consequences for plant-plant and plant-herbivore interactions.</p>
Data underlying the publication: Gut bacteria-derived volatiles mediate the Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) attraction
<p>Bacteria-originated volatile molecules play a crucial role in chemical communications between insects, representing their promising application as odor bait traps in pest control. In this study, we investigated the behavioral preferences of the fruit fly <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> (Diptera: Drosophilidae) towards the fermentation broth of seven gut-associated bacteria using trap choice assays. All seven bacterial fermentations significantly attracted adults and larvae compared to the medium control. We assessed the effects of bacterial fermentations on bayberry fruits' olfaction attractiveness to fly adults and found that the bayberry fruits sprayed with fermentation broth from seven bacteria were all significantly more attractive to insects than the non-sprayed fruits, resulting in increased egg numbers. We also compared the attractive effect of bacterial fermentations with a sugar-vinegar mixture and a commercial odor-bait. The commercial odor bait proved more enticing than the unconcentrated 5-day fermentation broths. However, out of the seven bacteria, 64-fold concentrated bacterial fermentation of <em>Corynebacterium</em> (Actinomycetota phylum) was significantly more attractive than commercial bait. Finally, we chemically identified the predominant compounds 2-methylpropanal and acetaldehyde, which are likely responsible for the behavioral preference of fruit flies. Our findings provide a deeper understanding of how gut microbes affect insect behavior and offer a potential bacteria-originated odor bait for fly control in the orchard.</p>
Data for the "Tomographic Imaging of the Pampean Flat Slab: Evidence of Subduction Erosion and Volatile Migration"
<p>This repository includes:</p> <p>1. README - explanation of the information in each column for the datasets<br>2. regional.data.gz - automated catalogue of earthquake locations with P and S arrival times used in the tomography<br>3. surfacewave.data.gz – dispersion curves (ambient noise and "virtual") used in the tomography<br>4. station.list – locations of the seismic stations used in this study<br>5. finmod.ascii.gz - the preferred final model from the tomography (in ASCII format)</p>
Volatile (C, N, Ar) variability in MORB and the respective roles of mantle source heterogeneity and degassing: the case of the Southwest Indian Ridge
<p>Location, isotopic compositions of δ13C and δ18O of CO2, δ15N of N2 and C, N and Ar abundances in vesicles of SWIR basaltic glasses</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.