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173 results for “X-ray Computed Tomography”
Fig. 7 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 7. Digital rendering of the isolated right maxilloturbinal from Didelphis virginiana (TMM M-2517) shown in (A) lateral, (B) medial, (C) rostral, and (D) caudal views. Labels indicate caudal and rostral ends of the maxilloturbinal for the lateral and medial views. Scale bar equals 1 cm.
Fig. 11 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 11. Coronal CT images showing the morphology of the rostral portion of the caudal nasoturbinal (char. 9). (A) rostrodorsal and rostroventral portions are straight (without a kink; char. 9.0), Didelphis virginiana, C270 (TMM M-2517); (B) distinctive kink between rostrodorsal and rostroventral portions of caudal nasoturbinal (char. 9.1), Dasyurus hallucatus, C208 (TMM M-6921). Both scale bars equal 5 mm. Abbreviations: Endo, endoturbinal; ONS, ossified nasal septum.
Fig. 18 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 18. Coronal CT images showing variation in the number of endoturbinals (char. 18). (A) two endoturbinals present (ch. 18.0), Ornithorhynchus anatinus, C274 (AMNH 200255), scale bar equals 5 mm; (B) three endoturbinals present (char. 18.1), Tarsipes rostratus, C449 (AMNH 119717), scale bar equals 1 mm; (C) four endoturbinals present (char. 18.2), Dendrolagus lumholtzi, C296 (AMNH 65254), scale bar equals 5 mm; (D) five endoturbinals present (char. 18.3), Didelphis virginiana, C464 (TMM M-2517), scale
Fig. 25 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 25. Coronal CT images showing the presence or absence of a frontal sinus (character 27). (A) no frontal sinus is present (char. 27.0), Dasyurus hallucatus, C428 (TMM M-6921); (B) small frontal sinus is present that comprises less than half of the cross sectional area of the frontals (char. 27.1), Phalanger orientalis, C342 (AMNH 157211); (C) large frontal sinuses present that comprises most or all of the cross sectional area of the frontals (char. 27.2), Dendrolagus lumholtzi, C329 (AMNH 65254). All scale bars equal 5 mm. Abbreviations: Endo, endoturbinal; ONS, ossified nasal septum; SOR, sphenoidal recess.
Fig. 21 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 21. Coronal CT images showing variation in the number of ectoturbinals (char. 19). (A) one ectoturbinal is present (char. 19.0), Tarsipes rostratus, C449 (AMNH 119717), scale bar equals 1 mm; (B) two ectoturbinals (char. 19.1), Didelphis virginiana, C464 (TMM M-2517), scale bar equals 5 mm; (C) three ectoturbinals (char. 19.2), Wallabia bicolor, C430 (TMM M-4169), scale bar equals 5 mm; (D) four ectoturbinals (char. 19.3) Potorous tridactylus, C495 (AMNH 65337), scale bar equals 5 mm. Abbreviations: Ecto, ectoturbinal; Endo, endoturbinal; NPM, nasopharyngeal meatus; ONS, ossified nasal septum; SER, sphenethmoid recess.
Fig. 2 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 2. Modified strict consensus tree from Sánchez-Villagra et al. (2007) based on morphological data. Taxa for which I do not have nasal cavity data were pruned from the topology or if possible substituted for closely related species for which I do have nasal cavity data. Wallabia was substituted for Macropus; Sarcophilus was substituted for Dasyuroides; Isoodon was substituted for Perameles. Substitutions within Marsupialia were based on the topologies by Cardillo et al. (2004). For explanation of outgroups used, see caption for figure 1.
Fig. 6 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 6. Coronal CT images showing the packing of endo- and ectoturbinals (char. 14). (A) turbinals are relatively loosely packed (char. 14.0), Caluromys philander, C330 (AMNH 95526); (B) turbinals are complexly branching or convoluted elements that are densely packed creating a tight mazelike pattern, especially around the ossified nasal septum (char. 14.1), Potorous tridactylus, C440 (AMNH 65337). Both scale bars equal 5 mm. Abbreviations: Ecto, ectoturbinal; Endo, endoturbinal; NPM, nasopharyngeal meatus; ONS, ossified nasal septum; PTL, posterior transverse lamina; SER, sphenethmoid recess.
Fig. 20 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 20. Coronal CT images showing the number of turbinal folds on endoturbinal I (char. 15). (A) one (ch. 15.1), Monodelphis domestica, C205 (TMM M-7599); (B) two (char. 15.2), Didelphis virginiana, C464 (TMM M-2517). All scale bars equal 5 mm. Abbreviations: Ecto, ectoturbinal; Endo, endoturbinal; NPM, nasopharyngeal meatus; ONS, ossified nasal septum; PTL, posterior transverse lamina; SER, sphenethmoid recess.
Fig. 19 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 19. Coronal CT images showing pneumaticity of the rostral portion of endoturbinal I (char. 17). (A) rostral portion contains no pneumatic cavities (char. 17.0), Petauroides volans, C370 (AMNH 150055); (B) small pneumatic cavity is present, which encompasses only a portion of the coronal cross section of the element (char. 17.1), Phalanger orientalis, C160 (AMNH 157211); (C) large cavity is present, which encompasses most or the entire coronal cross section of the element (char. 17.2), Didelphis virginiana, C270 (TMM M-2517). All scale bars equal 5 mm. Abbreviations: Endo, endoturbinal; ONS, ossified nasal septum; P1, first upper premolar.
Fig. 4 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 4. Digital rendering of the ethmoid bones (shown in color) inside the semitransparent skull of Didelphis virginiana (TMM M-2517) shown in (A) dorsal, and (B) left lateral views. Scale bar equals 1 cm.
Fig. 1 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 1. Modified topology from Meredith et al. (2009) based on Bayesian analysis of five nuclear genes. Taxa for which I do not have nasal cavity data were pruned from the topology or if possible substituted for closely related species for which I do have nasal cavity data. Didelphis was used as a representative of Didelphinae; Dendrolagus was substituted for Aepyprymnus; Wallabia was substituted for Macropus; Sminthopsis was substituted for Phascolosorex. Substitutions within Marsupialia were based on the topologies by Cardillo et al. (2004). The outgroups were pruned from the topology of Meredith et al. (2009) and instead the following taxa for which I have nasal cavity data were included: Mus, Pteropus, Erinaceus, Ornithorhynchus, and Tachyglossus. The polytomy for the placental mammals reflects the uncertainty in higher level systematics for Placentalia, whereas the monotreme relationships are well established (e.g., Rowe et al., 2008).
Fig. 24 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 24. Coronal CT images showing the presence or absence of prominent lateral expanded bulges within the shaft of the ossified nasal septum (char. 31). (A) bulges present (char. 31.0), Dromiciops gliroides, C136 (FMNH 127463), scale bar equals 1 mm; (B) bulges absent (char. 31.1), Wallabia bicolor, C386 (TMM M-4169), scale bar equals 5 mm. Abbreviations: Ecto, ectoturbinal; Endo, endoturbinal; ONS, ossified nasal septum; SER, sphenethmoid recess.
Fig. 23 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 23. Digital renderings of the cribriform plate showing the presence or absence of a crista galli (char. 34). (A) crista galli is present (char. 34.0), Caluromys philander (AMNH 95526); (B) crista galli is absent (char. 34.1), Dendrolagus lumholtzi (AMNH 65254). Both scale bars equal 1 mm.
Fig. 13 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 13. Coronal CT images showing the morphology of the caudodorsal portion of caudal nasoturbinal (caudal to nasoturbinal division around endoturbinal I; char. 10). (A) caudodorsal portion is unfolded (ch. 10.0), Dromiciops gliroides, C245 (FMNH 127463), scale bar equals 1 mm; (B) caudodorsal portion curls (char. 10.1), Phalanger orientalis, C250 (AMNH 157211), scale bar equals 5 mm. Abbreviations: Ecto, ectoturbinal; Endo, endoturbinal; ONS, ossified nasal septum; SER, sphenethmoid recess.
Fig. 8. Schematic diagram showing a in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 8. Schematic diagram showing a dorsal view of the paries nasi of the chondrocranium of a marsupial. Rostral is to the left. Figure modeled after Smith and Rossie (2006: fig. 8.4). Abbreviations: EC, ectoturbinal; EN, endoturbinal.
Fig. 28 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 28. Coronal CT images showing the complexity of the rostral portion of the maxilloturbinal in marsupials (char. 1). (A) arborlike maxilloturbinal (char. 1.0), Dasyurus hallucatus, C208 (TMM M-6921); (B) simple maxilloturbinal (char. 1.1), Isoodon macrourus, C150 (TMM M-6922); (C) curled lamella (char. 1.1), Phascolarctos cinereus, C129 (TMM M-2946). All scale bars equal 5 mm. Abbreviations: Endo, endoturbinal; ONS, ossified nasal septum.
Fig. 16 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 16. Coronal CT images showing the caudalmost extent of ventral attachment of nasoturbinal (char. 13). (A) attachment is rostral to caudal terminus of maxilloturbinal (char. 13.0), Petauroides volans, C450 (AMNH 150055); (B) attachment is at coronal level of caudal terminus of maxilloturbinal (char. 13.1), Trichosurus vulpecula, C212 (TMM M-849); (C) attachment is caudal to caudal terminus of maxilloturbinal (char. 13.2), Isoodon macrourus, C374 (TMM M-6922). All scale bars equal 5 mm. Abbreviations: Ecto, ectoturbinal; Endo, endoturbinal; ONS, ossified nasal septum; PTL, posterior transverse lamina.
Fig. 12 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 12. Coronal CT images showing the morphology of the caudal nasoturbinal (char. 7). (A) caudal nasoturbinal is unbranched (char. 7.0), Dromiciops gliroides, C230 (FMNH 127463); (B) caudal nasoturbinal has at least one branch (char. 7.1), Caenolestes fuliginosus, C389 (KU 124015). Both scale bars equal 1 mm. Abbreviations: Ecto, ectoturbinal; Endo, endoturbinal; ONS, ossified nasal septum.
Fig. 27 in Comparative Morphology Of The Internal Nasal Skeleton Of Adult Marsupials Based On X-Ray Computed Tomography
Fig. 27. Coronal CT images showing the morphology of the maxillary recess (char. 26). (A) caudal portion of recess is medially enclosed by posterior transverse lamina (char. 26.0), Dasyurus hallucatus, C330 (TMM M-6921), scale bar equals 5 mm; (B) uncinate process of the caudal nasoturbinal also contributes to the medial wall of the recess (char. 26.1), Monodelphis domestica, C190 (TMM M-7599), scale bar equals 1 mm. Abbreviation: Ecto, ectoturbinal; Endo, endoturbinal; ONS, ossified nasal septum; NPM, nasopharyngeal meatus; PTL, posterior transverse lamina; SER, sphenethmoid recess.
Data for: Mechanisms of root-reinforcement in soils: an experimental methodology using four-dimensional X-ray computed tomography and digital volume correlation
<p>Collection of data files used in the paper titled: Mechanisms of root-reinforcement in soils: an experimental methodology using four-dimensional X-ray computed tomography and digital volume correlation.</p> <p>Additional dataset which covers the noise study CT scans and digital volume correlation noise studies can be found in DOI: <a href="http://www.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3352268">10.5281/zenodo.3361832</a></p> <p><strong>Data contains the following:</strong></p> <ul> <li>X-ray CT data for the interrupted direct shear tests of a soil sample containing a Willow plant. The first file is the specimen scanned unloaded, followed by seven incremental shear load steps to 20 mm shear displacement. Files are 8-bit unsigned and 1800x1800x1600px. Voxel resolution is 0.04642 mm. <ol> <li><strong>20180430_HUTCH_1839_DJB_willow_C_8-bit_1800x1800x1600.raw</strong></li> <li><strong>20180430_HUTCH_1839_DJB_willow_C_Load_A_8-bit_1800x1800x1600.raw</strong></li> <li><strong>20180430_HUTCH_1839_DJB_willow_C_Load_B_8-bit_1800x1800x1600.raw</strong></li> <li><strong>20180430_HUTCH_1839_DJB_willow_C_Load_C_8-bit_1800x1800x1600.raw</strong></li> <li><strong>20180430_HUTCH_1839_DJB_willow_C_Load_D_8-bit_1800x1800x1600.raw</strong></li> <li><strong>20180430_HUTCH_1839_DJB_willow_C_Load_E_8-bit_1800x1800x1600.raw</strong></li> <li><strong>20180430_HUTCH_1839_DJB_willow_C_Load_F_8-bit_1800x1800x1600.raw</strong></li> <li><strong>20180430_HUTCH_1839_DJB_willow_C_Load_G_8-bit_1800x1800x1600.raw</strong></li> </ol> </li> <li>Direct shear vs. displacement data is presented in an Excel spreadsheet: <ul> <li><strong>All_load_data_with_reducing_area.xlsx</strong></li> </ul> </li> <li>Normal and shear strain DVC data which has been averaged and plotted against specimen depth is presented in an Excel spreadsheet: <ul> <li><strong>Average_slice_vs_depth_data_all_samples_all_loads3.xlsx</strong></li> </ul> </li> <li>CT scan metadata giving information to the scan settings, voxel resolution, etc. is contained in a .zip file which consists of .xtekct and .XML files generated from the Nikon CT scanner. <ul> <li><strong>CT_Scan_Metadata.zip</strong></li> </ul> </li> <li>Drawings and Solidworks CAD files of the direct shear test rig are contained within the .zip file. There are a number of parts to the assembly. The file SSSB1003-5.SLDASM contains the complete assembly of the direct shear rig and will help identify the part names. The folder CAD_Drawings contains pdf documents of the part drawings. <ul> <li><strong>Direct_Shear_Drawings_Solidworks_Files.zip</strong></li> </ul> </li> <li>Tabulated DVC data taken at 32x32x32px subset size is contained inside a .zip file. These consist of tab separated .dat files from unloaded (data_1.dat) through incremental load steps Load A, Load B... Load G, (data_2.dat, data_3.dat... data_8.dat). The structure of the .dat file contains columns of data with each column number corresponding to the following: (1) x, (2) y (3) z, (4) vx, (5) vy, (6) vz, (7) exx, (8) eyy, (9) ezz, (10) exy, (11) exz, (12) eyz, (13) volumetric strain, (14) is valid. Columns 1-3 are subset positions in mm, 4-6 are displacements in mm, 7-9 are normal strains, 10-12 are shear strains, 13 is volumetric strain and 14 is a binary value indicating if the subset is valid. <ul> <li><strong>DVC_Load_Data_Willow_C.zip</strong></li> </ul> </li> <li>Tabulated DVC data applied to the load step CT data at 32, 48, 64, 96, 128 pixels is presented in the .zip files containing .dat tab separated files. The structure of the .dat files is described in the previous bullet point. These files were used to construct the noise study applied to incrementally loaded CT data by sampling regions away from the shear zone where the strain signals are close to zero. <ul> <li><strong>DVC_Noise_Study_Data_Load_Steps_Willow_C.zip</strong></li> </ul> </li> <li>Processed noise study data which compares the effects of DVC subset size is presented in the .xlsx file. This file contains both the controlled noise experiment data (stationary, magnification and rigid body motion) and noise study data applied to incrementally loaded data using sampled regions away from the shear zone where the strain signals are close to zero. <ul> <li><strong>Willow_C_Processed_Noise_study2.xlsx</strong></li> </ul> </li> <li>Tabulated data which compares the local x displacement vs depth profile from DVC and direct measurement of root position is contained in the following Excel spreadsheet file: <ul> <li><strong>X_Displacement_Root_and_DVC_Comparison_Willow C.xlsx</strong></li> </ul> </li> </ul>
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