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445 results for “abiotic”
Abiotic and biotic contexts shape the effect of disturbance on non-native plant invasion
<p>Making predictions about when and where a given mechanism of invasion will be weak or strong is crucial for the effective management of non-native species. Despite the importance of disturbance on invasion, our understanding of how variation in abiotic and/or biotic conditions may modify the disturbance-invasion relationship is scarce. Here, we aimed to evaluate how abiotic (soil type) and biotic (tree and shrub cover) contexts affect the disturbance-invasion relationship in disturbed and nearby non-disturbed communities in the semi-arid open forest of central Argentina (ca. 36° S) using field sampling. We found that abiotic context modulated non-native species success in disturbed communities, whereas both abiotic and biotic context modulated success in nearby non-disturbed communities. These findings suggest that the plant invasion-disturbance relationship is context-dependent. Our results hint at the possibility that the significance of disturbance in predicting invasion might diminish as the importance of abiotic filters increases.</p>
Biotic and abiotic properties of biocrus
<p>Eukaryotic algae, as the primary group of photosynthetic autotrophs, exert a significant influence on the development and functions of biological crusts in dryland ecosystems. Despite their importance, there are substantial knowledge gaps on the composition of eukaryotic algal communities and their effects on the distributions of bacteria and fungi in dryland soils.</p> <p>This study examined the eukaryotic algal community along a successional sequence of biocrusts in the Gurbantunggut desert, while also investigating their patterns of co-occurrence with bacteria and fungi through high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analyses.</p> <p>The results showed that nitrogen and phosphorus levels played a crucial role in the regulation of changes in the abundance and composition of the algal community. In particular, changes in the structure of the algal community arise primarily from fluctuations in the main species, rather than from loss and appearance of species during the biocrust succession. The accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the biocrust led to increases in the relative abundance of algal species in the Chlorophyta. The results also indicated that eukaryotic algae played an important role in affecting bacterial and fungal communities and significantly improved the stability of the microbial community, reflected by the robustness of co-occurrence networks. The network analysis further indicated that eukaryotic algae affected the stability of microbial co-occurrence networks either by acting as keystone taxa or associating with the keystone bacterial and fungal taxa.</p> <p>These findings reveal a clear mechanism by which soil nitrogen and phosphorus levels affected the composition of eukaryotic algae communities and further regulated bacterial and fungal communities during biocrust development, providing valuable information on the development and functional execution of biocrusts in dryland ecosystems.</p>
Data from: Abiotic legacies mediate plant-soil feedback during early vegetation succession on rare earth element mine tailings
<p>An increasing number of studies have shown how feedback interactions between plants and soil can influence primary and secondary succession. However, very little is known about the patterns and mechanisms of such plant-soil feedbacks on stressed mine tailings ecosystem, which can be severely contaminated by a range of toxic elements. </p> <p>In a two-phase plant-soil feedback experiment based on the rare earth element (REE) mine tailing soil, we investigated biotic (changes in bacterial and fungal community) and abiotic legacies (changes in chemical properties) of three pioneer grass species, and examined feedback effects of three grasses, two legumes and two woody plants with different root traits.</p> <p>Positive plant-soil feedback was found in Miscanthus sinensis, Paspalum thunbergii and Tephrosia candida, and neutral feedback was observed in other four plants. These effects corresponded with an increase of nutrients and total organic carbon, as well as a decrease of acidity and extractable aluminum and REEs. There were less signs of biotic changes in the conditioned tailings. </p> <p>The correlation analysis suggested a relationship between responses to soil legacies and root traits, as well as root economics spectrum. On the mine tailings, acquisitive species with higher specific root length appeared to have greater potential for positive feedback. </p> <p>Synthesis and application: Our study shows that early succession on contaminated REE mine tailings may lead to more positive plant-soil feedback than predicted based on results of non-contaminated soils, mainly due to the alleviation of abiotic stress in tailings. Therefore, the improvement of specific abiotic soil stress and the trait-based selection of acquisitive plants should be preferentially considered to promote the primary restoration of degraded land.</p>
Biotic and abiotic factors and the phylogenetic structure of extinction in the evolution of Tethysuchia
<p>Crocodylomorpha is a large and diverse clade with a long evolutionary history now restricted to modern crocodylians. Tethysuchia is a less-inclusive clade of semi-amphibious taxa that crossed two biological crises: the second Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE 2) and the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) Crisis. Numerous studies have sought to find the driving factors explaining crocodylomorph evolution producing contradictory conclusions. Studies of included groups may be useful. Here, we study factors driving tethysuchian evolution using phylogenetically informed statistical analyses. First, we tested the phylogenetic structure of tethysuchian extinction at the OAE 2 and K/Pg crises. We then used phylogenetic comparative methods to test the influence of intrinsic (body size, snout proportion) and extrinsic (temperature, paleolatitude) factors on the evolution of tethysuchian diversity at the OAE 2 and the K/Pg crises. Finally, we tested whether temperature influenced the evolution of body size. We conclude that (1) extinction was not random in regards to phylogeny for Tethysuchia at the OAE 2 and K/Pg crises; (2) while an important tethysuchian turnover follows OAE 2, the K/Pg crisis was followed by an explosion in diversity of tethysuchians, probably linked to the colonization of emptied ecological niches; (3) tethysuchians lived in warmer environments after the OAE 2 crisis, possibly because of both global warming and latitude distribution shifts; (4) there is a significant change of snout proportion after the OAE 2 and the K/Pg crises, likely caused by niche partitioning; and (5) there is a positive correlation between body size and temperature, possibly because of a longer growth season</p>
Data for Abiotic Origin of Organics in the Martian Regolith
<p>This is the supplemental data for the muscript (submitted): "Abiotic Origin of Organics in the Martian Regolith", and comprises the following: </p> <p><strong>_FTIR hyperspectral map </strong></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>↪</strong> FTIR hyperspectral data [combined into single .xlsx file]</p> <p><strong>↪ </strong>FTIR pixel location map</p> <p><strong>↪ </strong>Raman IFORS fitting results</p> </blockquote> <p><strong>_micro-Raman hyperspectral maps</strong></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>↪ </strong>Raman hyperspectral data [per region]</p> <p><strong>↪ </strong>Raman pixel location map [per region]</p> </blockquote> <p><strong>_microscopy</strong></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>↪ </strong>Reflected Light (RL) image of entire sample</p> <p><strong>↪ </strong>Reflected Light (RL) [per region]</p> </blockquote> <p><strong>_mossbauer results</strong></p> <p><strong>_NanoSIMS</strong></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>↪ </strong>NanoSIMS data [per region]</p> <p><strong>↪ </strong>NanoSIMS data images [per region]</p> <p><strong>↪ </strong>NanoSIMS processed data</p> <p><strong>↪ </strong>NanoSIMS standards</p> </blockquote> <p><strong>_SEM BSE&EDS images</strong></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>↪ </strong>BSE and EDS images [per region]</p> </blockquote> <p> </p> <p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p> <p>The martian meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 11220 and paired stones (notably NWA 7034) are the only group of meteorites that sample a clastic near-surface lithology from Mars. The stones have been recognized as an impact-reworked lithology subjected to an impact-induced hydrothermal system — comparable to the postulated history of Jezero Crater, currently being explored by the NASA Perseverance rover. By applying Mössbauer spectroscopy in combination with several <em>in situ</em> analytical techniques including Raman spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and NanoSIMS, we show that aliphatic carbon compounds dominate the inventory of insoluble indigenous carbon compounds within NWA 11220. Disordered carbon — present in ~5 μm heterogeneous masses — is preferentially found within porosity where it adjoins the mineral surface of titano-magnetite. This relationship suggests catalytic surfaces have enabled Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis of hydrocarbons. Our <em>in situ</em> micron-scale analytical study indicates that such methods can successfully determine the origin of organic material and, therefore, differentiate abiotic martian organics that exist in the near-surface martian regolith. The multimodal approach will be a key methodology for searching for traces of past life in future samples returned from Mars.</p> <p> </p>
Meta-analysis of the effects of abiotic factors on plant microbes
<p>The abiotic environment exerts strong effects on plant-associated microbes, shaping their interactions with plants and resulting ecosystem processes. However, these abiotic effects on plant-microbe interactions are often highly specific and contingent on the abiotic driver or microbial group, requiring synthesis work describing general patterns and from this generate hypotheses and guide mechanistic work. To address this, we conducted a meta-analysis of the effects of climate change-related abiotic factors, namely warming, drought, and eCO<sub>2</sub>, on plant-associated microbes distinguishing by microbial taxonomic or biological group (bacteria, fungi or virus) and the plant part where microbes are found or associated with (phyllosphere or rhizosphere). We found abiotic driver-specific patterns, whereby drought significantly reduced microbial abundance, whereas warming and eCO<sub>2</sub> had no significant effects. In addition, these abiotic effects were contingent on the microbial taxonomic group, with fungi being negatively affected by drought but positively affected by warming (eCO<sub>2</sub> enrichment had no effect), whereas bacteria and viruses were not significantly affected by any factor. Likewise, rhizopheric microbes were negatively affected by drought but positively affected by warming (eCO<sub>2</sub> enrichment had no effect), whereas phyllospheric microbes were not significantly affected by any factor. Collectively, these findings point to important implications for global change research by highlighting contrasting effects of climate change-related abiotic drivers on plant-associated microbes and the contingency of such effects on microbe life histories and the nature of their interactions with plants.</p>
Data from: Relationships between rhizosphere microbial communities, soil abiotic properties and root trait variation within a pine species
<p>Rhizosphere microbes play important roles in plant performance and ecosystem functioning. It is becoming increasingly clear that rhizosphere communities vary with soil properties and variation in root traits among plant species. However, less is known about whether and how variation in root traits within plant species influences the rhizosphere microbial communities.</p> <p>We evaluated the intraspecific root traits variation and explored their associations with bacterial and fungal communities in rhizosphere by focusing on an ectomycorrhizal tree<em> </em>species, i.e., <em>Pinus massoniana</em>, in 22 sites in subtropical China.</p> <p>The first dimension of the principal component analysis on root traits revealed evidence for the 'conservation' gradient of the root economics space. Overall, root traits explained more variation in fungal communities than in bacterial communities in the rhizosphere. Functional composition of rhizosphere microbial communities changed significantly along the 'conservation' gradient, with fast-growing copiotrophic bacteria and symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi were significantly enriched on the 'acquisition' side, while slow-growing oligotrophic bacteria were significantly enriched on the 'conservation' side of the gradient.</p> <p><strong><em>Synthesis</em></strong>: Our study demonstrates that intraspecific variation in plant roots significantly influence rhizosphere microbial communities, which in turn can influence plant nutrition and therefore plant performance within the community.</p>
Abiotic conditions along altitude shape plant-fungal associations by influencing both fungal availability and association strength
<p>These files contains the description of the data and scripts to reproduce the analyses of:<br>"Abiotic conditions along altitude shape plant-fungal associations by influencing both fungal availability and association strength" which can be found here: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70075">https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.70075</a></p> <p>As detailed in the study, the data consist of fungal DNA data from ten high and low <em>Bistorta vivipara </em>populations across Fennoscandia. Species-level fungal OTUs have been identified applying ITS2-based metabarcoding to the different parts of the focal plant <em>B. vivipara </em>(bulbils, leaves and roots) and its surrounding soil and leaves of surrounding plants. In total, the data contains data on 253 fungal OTUs across 641 sampling units.</p> <p>The README file describes the contents of the metadata and explains how the scripts are to be run in order to reproduce the results of the study.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Functional identity regulates aboveground biomass better than trait diversity along abiotic conditions in global forest metacommunities
<p>Although several studies have identified the effects of functional trait diversity (FTD) and/ or identity, i.e., the community-weighted mean (CWM) of a trait, on aboveground biomass (AGB) along abiotic conditions, these effects on AGB in global forest metacommunities are still largely unexplored. Here, we modelled the effects of abiotic (i.e., climate, soil and plot physical conditions) and biotic [i.e., FTD, CWM of conservative traits (CWMCT), CWM of acquisitive traits (CWMAT), and functional dominance (FunDom; based on CWM of plant maximum height or diameter)] factors on AGB in 76 forest metacommunities (from 24 studies). Using multiple linear regression models and piecewise structural equation modeling (pSEM), we tested the hypothesis that both abiotic and biotic factors regulate AGB, but that the mass ratio mechanism underpins AGB of metacommunities in global forests better than the niche complementarity mechanism. We found that abiotic and biotic factors contributed 45.39% and 54.07%, respectively, to the explained variance in AGB (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.59), and as such, abiotic factors shaped FTD (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.42 to 0.48), CWMCT (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.33 to 0.36), CWMAT (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.27 to 0.33), and FunDom (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.59 to 0.61) through divergent effect sizes and directions. The final best-fitted pSEM showed that FunDom increased (<i>β</i> = 0.49) but CWMCT (<i>β</i> = -0.35) and CWMAT (<i>β</i> = -0.11) decreased AGB (<i>R<sup>2</sup></i> = 0.52) as compared to the negligible effect of FTD (<i>β</i> = 0.04). This study supports the mass ratio effect, specifically the overruling role of tall-stature or dominant trees on AGB, at a macroecological scale, and hence, suggests that a suitable species' functional strategy is important to promote carbon sequestration in forest metacommunities that underpins human well-being. We expect that our study will advance the field of biodiversity – ecosystem functioning at a macroecological scale by using the metacommunity concept and approach.</p>
Data from: Collateral sensitivity interactions between antibiotics depend on local abiotic conditions
<p>Mutations conferring resistance to one antibiotic can increase (cross resistance) or decrease (collateral sensitivity) resistance to others. Antibiotic combinations displaying collateral sensitivity could be used in treatments that slow resistance evolution. However, lab-to-clinic translation requires understanding whether collateral effects are robust across different environmental conditions. Here, we isolated and characterized resistant mutants of <i>Escherichia coli</i> using five antibiotics, before measuring collateral effects on resistance to other paired antibiotics. During both isolation and phenotyping, we varied conditions in ways relevant in nature (pH, temperature, bile). This revealed local abiotic conditions modified expression of resistance against both the antibiotic used during isolation and other antibiotics. Consequently, local conditions influenced collateral sensitivity in two ways: by favouring different sets of mutants (with different collateral sensitivities), and by modifying expression of collateral effects for individual mutants. These results place collateral sensitivity in the context of environmental variation, with important implications for translation to real-world applications.</p>
Finescale dace occurrence and abiotic and biotic covariates for the Belle Fourche River and Niobrara River basins
<p>Aim<br> The factors that set range limits for animal populations can inform management plans aimed at maintaining regional biodiversity. We examine abiotic and biotic drivers of the distribution of finescale dace (Chrosomus neogaeus) in two Great Plains basins to identify limiting factors for a threatened freshwater fish population at the edge of their range.</p> <p>Location<br> Great Plains, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wyoming, USA</p> <p>Methods<br> We investigated abiotic and biotic factors influencing the contemporary distribution of finescale dace in the Belle Fourche and Niobrara River basins with Random Forests classification models using fish surveys from multiple agencies spanning 2008 2019 and GIS-derived environmental data.</p> <p>Results<br> In both basins, finescale dace occurrence exhibited a non-linear response to mean August water temperature. Abiotic covariates, including streamflow, water temperature, and channel slope, were important limiting factors in the final model fit with Belle Fourche River basin surveys (n = 131). In contrast, a biotic covariate, native minnow richness, was the most important predictor of finescale dace occurrence in the Niobrara River basin model (n = 27). In the Niobrara River native minnow richness was lower at sites with non-native northern pike (Esox lucius).</p> <p>Main conclusions<br> Basin-specific analyses revealed context dependencies for species-environment relationships, which can inform targeted restoration actions. Similar relationships between water temperature and finescale dace occurrence across both basins suggests summer thermal habitat as a regional limiting factor. The importance of biotic interactions in the Niobrara River highlight an emergent threat from invasive predators to a distinct assemblage of native prairie fishes.</p>
Supporting code, tables and data for: Megafrugivores as fading shadows of the past: Extant frugivores and the abiotic environment as the most important determinants of the distribution of palms in Madagascar
<p>The extinction of all Madagascar's megafrugivores ca. 1000 years ago, may have left its signature on the current distribution of vertebrate-dispersed plants across the island, due to the loss of effective seed dispersal. In this study, we dissect the roles of extinct and extant frugivore distributions, abiotic variables, human impact and spatial predictors on the compositional turnover, or beta-diversity, of palm (Arecaceae) species and their fruit sizes across 40 assemblages on Madagascar. Variation partitioning showed that palm beta-diversity is mostly shaped by the distribution of extant frugivores (8 lemur, 3 bird, 2 rodent and 1 bat species) and the abiotic environment (e.g., forest cover, slope and temperature), and to a lesser extent by the distribution of extinct frugivores (5 giant lemur and 3 elephant bird<i> </i>species)<i>. </i>However, the contribution of these variables differed between dry western assemblages and wet eastern assemblages, with a more prominent role, albeit still small, of extinct megafrugivores in the west. These results suggest that palm distributions in the dry west of Madagascar, where megafrugivores were probably most abundant in the past, still show signatures of past interactions. With a fourth-corner analysis we observed that the distribution of palm species with relatively large fruits and seeds was negatively associated with home range of extant mammalian frugivores and frugivore richness of both past and extant communities, and positively associated with the hand-wing index (HWI) – a proxy for dispersal ability - of extant bird communities. This suggests that palm species with relatively large fruits tend to occur in places with fewer, small-ranged mammalian frugivores, which may indicate dysfunctional seed dispersal, although a few wide-ranging bird species may compensate this loss by dispersing the seeds of small-to medium-sized palm fruits. Our results shed new light on anachronisms in Madagascar, and how defaunation and past interactions may underlie current plant distributions.</p>
Biotic filtering by species' interactions constrains food-web variability across spatial and abiotic gradients
<p>Despite intensive research on species dissimilarity patterns across communities (i.e. beta-diversity), we still know little about their implications for variation in food-web structures. Our analyses of 50 lake and 48 forest soil communities show that, while species dissimilarity depends on environmental and spatial gradients, these effects are only weakly propagated to the networks. Moreover, our results show that species and food-web dissimilarities are consistently correlated, but that much of the variation in food-web structure across spatial, environmental, and species gradients remains unexplained. Novel food-web assembly models demonstrate the importance of biotic filtering during community assembly by (1) the availability of resources, and (2) limiting similarity in species' interactions to avoid strong niche overlap and thus competitive exclusion. This reveals a strong signature of biotic filtering processes during local community assembly, which constrains the variability in structural food-web patterns across local communities despite substantial turnover in species composition.</p>
Flower morphology as a predictor of pollination mode in a biotic to abiotic pollination continuum
<p>Supplementary data, scripts and output for the manuscript published in Annals of Botany ( <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcad069">https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcad069)</a>. Please see the "README.md" file for more information on content.</p>
Abiotic stress and biotic factors mediate range dynamics on opposing edges
<p><strong><em>Aim:</em></strong> In the face of global change, understanding causes of range limits is one of the most pressing needs in biogeography and ecology. A prevailing hypothesis is that abiotic stress forms cold (upper latitude/altitude) limits whereas biotic interactions create warm (lower) limits. A new framework – Interactive Range-Limit Theory (iRLT) – asserts that positive biotic factors such as food availability can ameliorate abiotic stress along cold edges, whereas abiotic stress can have a positive effect and mediate biotic interactions (e.g., competition) along warm limits.</p> <p><strong><em>Location:</em></strong> Northeastern US</p> <p><strong><em>Taxon:</em></strong> Carnivora</p> <p><strong><em>Methods:</em></strong> We evaluated two hypotheses of iRLT using occupancy and structural equation modeling (SEM) frameworks based on data collected over a six-year period (2014–2019) of six carnivore species across a broad latitudinal (42.8–45.3°N) and altitudinal (3–1451 m) gradient.</p> <p><strong><em>Results:</em></strong> We found that snow directly limits populations, but prey or habitat availability can influence range dynamics along cold edges. For example, bobcats (<em>Lynx rufus</em>) and coyotes (<em>Canis latrans</em>) were limited by deep snow and long winters, but the availability of prey had a strong positive effect. Conversely, snow had a strong positive effect on the warm limits of Canada lynx (<em>Lynx canadensis</em>), countering the negative effect of competition with the phylogenetically-similar bobcat and with coyotes, highlighting how climate mediates competition between species.</p> <p><strong><em>Main conclusions:</em></strong> We used an integrated dataset that included competitors and prey species collected at the same spatial and temporal scale. As such, this design, along with a causal modeling framework (SEM), allowed us to evaluate community-wide hypotheses at macroecological scales and identify coarse-scale drivers of species' range limits. Our study supports iRLT and underscores the need to consider direct and indirect mechanisms for studying range dynamics and species' responses to global change.</p>
Abiotic niche divergence of hybrid species from their progenitors
<p><span>Although more frequently discussed recently than previously, the role of ecology in homoploid hybrid and allopolyploid speciation has not been subjected to comparative analysis. </span><span>We examined abiotic niche divergence of 22 assumed homoploid hybrid species and 60 allopolyploid species from those of their progenitors. Ecological niche modeling (ENM) was employed in an analysis of each species' fundamental niche, and ordination methods were used in an analysis of realized niches. Both analyses utilized </span><span>100, 000 georeferenced records</span><span>. From estimates of niche overlap and niche breadth, we identified for both types of hybrid species four niche divergence patterns: </span><span>niche novelty</span><span>, niche contraction, niche intermediacy and niche expansion. N</span><span>iche shifts involving niche novelty were common and considered likely to play an important role in the establishment of both types of hybrid species, although more so for homoploid hybrid species than allopolyploid species. Approximately 70% of homoploid hybrid species versus 37% allopolyploid species showed shifts in fundamental niche from their parents, and ~86% versus ~52%, respectively, exhibited shifts in realized niche. Climate was shown to contribute more than </span><span>soil and landform </span><span>to niche shifts in both types of hybrid species. Overall, our results highlight the significance of abiotic niche divergence for hybrid speciation, especially without genome duplication.</span></p>
Disentangling the interrelated abiotic and biotic pathways linking landscape composition and crop production
<p><span>Landscape composition and its related functional agrobiodiversity (FAB) was severely simplified during the last decades. As landscape composition is expected to influence the interrelated microclimate and arthropod community at different scales, this simplification might have led to a decline in multiple agro-ecosystem services, with potential impacts for the growth of crops with different demands from the environment. </span></p> <p><span>To study landscape-scale effects on multi-crop yield and herbivory in combination with its potential drivers, including functional arthropod community and microclimate, we used standardised 1 m² mini-gardens planted with ten different vegetable crops as phytometers. The gardens were installed at locations varying in surrounding landscape composition and </span><span>the vegetables were selected to have contrasting requirements in terms of growing conditions, pollination services, and susceptibility to pests. Monitoring of the mini-gardens was performed in 2018 and 2019 in Flanders (Belgium). </span></p> <p><span>We found no relationship between landscape composition in a 500 meter radius and crop yield. Considering possible mechanisms, we found that an increasing share of woody vegetation (> 3 m high) in the surrounding landscape is important to buffer the temperature and soil moisture variation in the mini-gardens. The share of agricultural land use and urban green (< 3 m high) is, respectively, positively and negatively related with the activity-density of natural enemies and pollinators. The growth of different crops responded differently to higher temperature ranges and we found no relation between natural enemies and herbivory. In conclusion, these abiotic and biotic pathways did not cause an overall relationship between landscape composition and yield.</span></p>
Abiotic radiocarbon simulated in NEMO ocean model
<p>Following the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (Orr et al., 1999, 2017), abiotic radiocarbon is simulated using the global ocean circulation model Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) version 3.6 (Madec, 2014), which is coupled to the Los Alamos sea-ice model (CICE, Rae et al., 2015). </p> <p>Simulation one, "Hist", was forced with inter-annually varying JRA-55-do atmospheric reanalysis data (version 1.5, Tsujino et al., 2018), which is available for the period 1958 through 2020 at 3-hour intervals, which is cycled over 1850 to 2020; and with historical atmospheric CO2 and ∆14C boundary conditions.</p> <p>The other simulation (”Hist-NYF”) was forced with the JRA-NY atmospheric data in every year, which is a one year chunk (01-May-1990 to 30-April-1991) from JRA-55-do (version 1.3) data when major climate modes such as the North Atlantic Oscillation, Southern Oscillation and Southern Annular Mode were largely neutral. </p> <p>The "Fix" simulation ran with fixed atmospheric CO2 and ∆14 C boundary conditions, using 1850 values and inter-annually varying JRA-55-do atmospheric reanalysis data.</p>
Figure 1 in Diurnal vertical distribution of zooplankton in a newly formed reservoir (Tahtalı Reservoir, Kocaeli): the role of abiotic factors and chlorophyll a
Figure 1. Study area and sampling station.
Fig. 1 in Biotic and abiotic factors influencing the prevalence, intensity and distribution of Eucoleus aerophilus and Crenosoma vulpis in red foxes, Vulpes vulpes from Romania
Fig. 1. Distribution of Crenosoma vulpis and Eucoleus aerophilus in Romania.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.