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Fig. 1 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 1 Location map and stratigraphy: a schematic map showing the Medobory Reef (after Korolyuk, 1952, and Górka et al., 2012, with modifications) and the studied localities in the vicinities of Horodok, western Ukraine; b schematic geologic cross section of the Badenian sequence through the Medobory region after Wysocka et. al. (2016) and Górka (2018a)

Fig. 13 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 13 Late Badenian paleogeography of the Paratethys and distribution of selected non-gobioid otolith-based taxa through the basin. Most common species are shown in bold printing. Asterisk denotes multiple locations, of which Borský Mikuláš represents the richest and most recently described otolith assemblage (Brzobohatý et al., 2022). Double asterisk for Dentex aff. gregarius tentatively includes records of Dentex aff. maroccanus by Brzobohatý et. al. (2022). Triple asterisk for Argyrosomus sp. denotes record of Argyrosomus aff. regius by Brzobohatý et. al. (2022). Paleogeography based on Rögl (1999), Popov et. al. (2004), and KováČ et. al. (2017)

Fig. 9 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 9 Otoliths of Haemulidae, Serranidae, Sparidae, Leiognathidae and Caproidae: a (reversed)—Brachydeuterus speronatus (Bassoli, 1906), Kozatskyi Yar, NMNHU-P PI 2549. b, c Serranidae indet., b (broken and repaired), c (reversed), Kozatskyi Yar, NMNHU-P PI 2579. d, e Pshekharus yesinorum Bannikov & Kotlyar, 2015, Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2578. f (reversed)—Leiognathidae indet., Shydlivshchyna, NMB P1214. g Perciformes indet., Shydlivshchyna, NMB P1221. h (reversed) – Capros aper (Linnaeus, 1758), Mlyntsi, NMB P1206

Fig. 12 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 12 Late Badenian paleogeography of the Paratethys and distribution of gobioid otolith-based taxa through the basin. Most common species are shown in bold printing (Gobius reichenbacherae tentatively includes records of Gobius aff. niger by Brzobohatý et al., 2022). Asterisk denotes multiple locations, of which Borský Mikuláš represents the richest and most recently described otolith assemblage (Brzobohatý et al., 2022). Double asterisk denotes species only known in the Vienna Basin from the early Badenian and shown for correlation purposes. Paleogeography based on Rögl (1999), Popov et. al. (2004), and KováČ et. al. (2017)

Fig. 6 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 6 Otoliths of Medoborichthys and Vanderhorstia: a–d Medoborichthys podolicus n. gen. et n. sp., b holotype, NMNHU-P PI 2563, Mlyntsi, a, c, d paratypes, a Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2564, c Shydlivshchyna, NMNHU-P PI 2565, d (reversed) Kozatskyi Yar, NMB P1215. e–g Medoborichthys renesulcis n. gen. et n. sp., e holotype, NMNHU-P PI 2566, Mlyntsi, f, g paratypes, f Kozatskyi Yar, NMB P1216, g (reversed) Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2567. h–j Vanderhorstia prochazkai Schwarzhans et al., 2020a, 2020b, h (reversed), j (reversed) Mlyntsi, NMB P1223, h (reversed) Shydlivshchyna, NMNHU-P PI 2582. k Vanderhorstia sp., Shydlivshchyna, NMB P1224

Fig. 3 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 3 Otoliths of Gadiformes: a, b Micromesistius planatus (Bassoli & Schubert, 1906), Mlyntsi, a NMNHU-P PI 2568 and b NMB P1218. c–f Onogadus simplicissimus (Schubert, 1906), c (reversed), d, f Shydlivshchyna, NMB P1220, e Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2572

Fig. 2 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 2 Photographs of the investigated outcrops: Mlyntsi (a, b), Kozatskyi Yar (c, d), and Shydlivshchyna (e, f) in general view and close-up. The total length of the shovel handle is 72 cm

Fig. 8 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 8 Otoliths of Blenniidae and Labridae: a, b Blennius vernyhorovae n. sp., a holotype, NMNHU-P PI 2547, Mlyntsi, b (reversed) paratype, Kozatskyi Yar, NMB P1205. c, d Coris medoboryensis n. sp., c holotype, NMNHU-P PI 2551, Kozatskyi Yar, d (reversed) paratype, Mlyntsi, NMB P1208

Fig. 11 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 11 Schematic block diagram of the northern part of the Central Paratethys during the late Badenian depicting the main localities from which otolith have been studied and the common species found therein (most common ones shown in bold printing). Diagram not to scale and not proportional; based on KováČ et. al. (2017)

Fig. 5 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 5 Otoliths of Odondebuenia, Parenypnias and Bathygobius?: a–d Odondebuenia agiadiae Schwarzhans et al., 2020a, 2020b, a (reversed) Kozatskyi Yar, NMB P1219, b (reversed), d Kozatskyi Yar, NMNHU-P PI 2569, c (reversed) Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2570. e–h Parenypnias inauditus n. gen. et n. sp., f holotype, Kozatskyi Yar, NMNHU-P PI 2550, e, g (reversed) Shydlivshchyna, NMB P1207, h Žižkov 1 well (1616–1622 m), DGS MU-0395. i Parenypnias kiselevi n. gen. et n. sp., holotype, Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2574. j Enypnias seminudus (GÜnther, 1861), Recent, USNM 407784, 13° 22′ N 87° 52′ W. k Gobiosoma bosc (Lacépède, 1800), Recent (reversed), LACM coll. Fitch, off Rappahannock. l Bathygobius? sp. (reversed), Kozatskyi Yar, NMNHU-P PI 2548

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

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Pre- and post-association barriers to host switching in sympatric mutualists

Coevolution between mutualists can lead to reciprocal specialization, potentially causing barriers to host switching. In the present study, we conducted assays to identify pre- and post-association barriers to host switching by endosymbiotic bacteria, both within and between two sympatric nematode clades. In nature, Steinernema nematodes and Xenorhabdus bacteria form an obligate mutualism. Free-living juvenile nematodes carry Xenorhabdus in a specialized intestinal receptacle. When nematodes enter an insect, they release the bacteria into the insect hemocoel. The bacteria aid in killing the insect and facilitate nematode reproduction. Prior to dispersing from the insect, juvenile nematodes must form an association with their symbionts; the bacteria must adhere to the intestinal receptacle. We tested for pre-association barriers by comparing the effects of bacterial strains on native verses non-native nematodes via their virulence towards, nutritional support of, and ability to associate with different nematode species. We then assessed post-association barriers by measuring the relative fitness of nematodes carrying each strain of bacteria. We found evidence for both pre- and post-association barriers between nematode clades. Specifically, some bacteria were highly virulent to nonnative hosts, and some nematode hosts carried fewer cells of nonnative bacteria, leading to pre-association barriers. In addition, reduced infection success and lower nematode reproduction were identified as post-association barriers. No barriers to symbiont switching were detected between nematode species within the same clade. Overall, our study suggests a framework that could be used to generate predictions for the evolution of barriers to host switching in this and other systems.

Figure 4 in A new genus and new species of Sphaeromatidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Figure 4. Pooredoce garyi sp. nov. Holotype except E, 3.0 mm paratype. A–E, pleopods 1–5 respectively; F, penes.

Figure 3 in A new genus and new species of Sphaeromatidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Figure 3. Pooredoce garyi sp. nov. Holotype. A–C, pereopods 1, 2 and 7 respectively; D, propodus and dactylus, pereopod 1; E, RS from inferodistal margin of carpus, pereopod 7.

Figure 2 in A new genus and new species of Sphaeromatidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Figure 2. Pooredoce garyi sp. nov. A, B holotype, remainder 3.0 mm paratype. A, antennule; B, antenna; C, left mandible; D, right mandible incisor; E, maxillule; F, maxilla; G. maxilliped; H, maxilla mesial lobe.

Figure 1 in A new genus and new species of Sphaeromatidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Figure 1. Pooredoce garyi sp. nov. A–H holotype, remainder 3.3 mm paratype. A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, epistome; D, pleon and pleotelson, posterior view; E, pleotelson, dorsal view; F, pleotelson, ventral view; G, pleotelson sinuses, ventral view; H, uropod; I, female, dorsal view; J, pleon and pleotelson, lateral view; K, pleotelson, ventral view; L, female pleotelson sinus, posterior view.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

The role of sea hares as significant algal herbivores on the Southern Great Barrier Reef

The data files are as follows: Other species - raw data on genera of algae (and some other organisms) observed in quadrats during our surveys at Heron Island algal.distribution.tabulated - summary data on the three most common algal genera used for chi-squared test. algal.dry.weights - data for trials aimed at establishing an equation to convert displacement volume of bundles of Laurencia to dry weights in grams algal.herbivory.trials - data from sea hare herbivory trials, including amount eaten each 24 hour trial and sea hare size. All data was collected by the primary researchers in the field. The R script to process these files is available here: https://github.com/rcrofts/SeaHareScript.git. These data were processed using RStudio version 1.2.5019

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

PRISMA-P: Facilitators and Barriers to Implementation of Financial Incentive Interventions for Health Behaviour Change

Prisma-P checklist for the systematic review titled: Facilitators and Barriers to Implementation of Financial Incentive Interventions for Health Behaviour Change.   This research was funded by the Health Research Board APA-2022-029.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

Figure 4 in A new order of fishes as hosts of blood flukes (Aporocotylidae); description of a new genus and three new species infecting squirrelfishes (Holocentriformes, Holocentridae) on the Great Barrier Reef

Figure 4. Relationships between species of Holocentricola and other members of the Aporocotylidae based on phylogenetic analysis of the 28S dataset. Bayesian inference posterior probabilities values are shown above the nodes and maximum likelihood bootstrap support shown below; values of <85 and <0.85 not shown. The scale-bar indicates expected number of substitutions per site.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

Figure 3 in A new order of fishes as hosts of blood flukes (Aporocotylidae); description of a new genus and three new species infecting squirrelfishes (Holocentriformes, Holocentridae) on the Great Barrier Reef

Figure 3. Species of Holocentricola from Great Barrier Reef Holocentridae, terminal genitalia, dorsal views; spines illustrated are ventral. (A) Holocentricola rufus n. sp. ex Sargocentron rubrum from off Heron Island (paratype, QM G239440); (B) Holocentricola exilis n. sp. ex Neoniphon sammara from off Lizard Island (paratype, QM G239119); (C) Holocentricola coronatus n. sp. ex Sargocentron diadema from off Lizard Island (paratype, QM G239126). Abbreviations: CS, cirrus-sac; ER, egg reservoir; FGP, female genital pore; MGP, male genital pore; Od, oviduct; Oö, oötype; Ov, ovary; PP, pars prostatica; SV, seminal vesicle; Ut, uterus; VD, vas deferens; VitD, vitelline duct. Scale-bars: A–C, 100 µm.