Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
142
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
142 results for “biomass production”
Energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions data of activated carbon production using different biomass
<p>This dataset includes the energy consumption and Greenhouse Gas emissions data of activated carbon production using 73 different types of woody biomass.</p> <p>Understanding the environmental implications of activated carbon (AC) produced from diverse biomass feedstocks is critical for biomass screening and process optimization for sustainability. Many studies have developed Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for biomass-derived AC. However, most of them either focused on individual biomass species with differing process conditions or compared multiple biomass feedstocks without investigating the impacts of feedstocks and process variations. Developing LCA for AC from diverse biomass is time-consuming and challenging due to the lack of process data (e.g., energy and mass balance).</p> <p>This study addresses these knowledge gaps by developing a modeling framework that integrates artificial neural network (ANN), a machine learning approach, and kinetic-based process simulation. The integrated framework is able to generate Life Cycle Inventory data of AC produced from 73 different types of woody biomass with 250 characterization data samples. The results show large variations in energy consumption and GHG emissions across different biomass species (43.4–277 MJ/kg AC and 3.96–22.0 kg CO<sub>2</sub>-eq/kg AC). The sensitivity analysis indicates that biomass composition (e.g., hydrogen and oxygen content) and process operational conditions (e.g., activation temperature) have large impacts on energy consumption and GHG emissions associated with AC production.</p>
Phenological changes offset the warming effects on biomass production in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
<p>1. Phenology is an important indicator of plant response to environmental changes and is closely correlated with biomass production. However, how changes of phenological events affect plant biomass production when exposed to changing temperature and precipitation remains unclear.</p> <p>2. We conducted a four-year manipulative experiment of warming and precipitation addition to explore phenology-biomass interactions under climate change in a dry alpine meadow on the central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau from 2015 to 2018.</p> <p>3. In dry and warm years, warming delayed phenology and precipitation addition advanced them. Warming decreased biomass of Kobresia pygmaea in 2018 and biomass of Poa pratensis in 2015, 2017 and 2018. However, precipitation addition significantly increased the biomass of Poa pratensis and Potentilla multifida in most of the experimental years. Phenological changes regulated the responses of biomass to treatments. Specifically, delay of green up of P. pratensis and delay of withering of K. pygmaea induced by warming can increase biomass production, but it can be offset by the direct negative effects of warming on biomass.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. Here we show how warming induced drought tend to decrease biomass production of graminoids and the negative effects of warming on biomass of P. pratensis and K. pygmaea were partially offset by green up postponement and withering postponement, respectively. Our results highlights phenology is a crucial regulator for biomass production under climate change. Hence, both direct and indirect effects of warming and precipitation addition on phenology and biomass cannot be ignored when predicting biomass responses to climate change.</p>
What drives temporal stability of biomass production? Testing the roles of species diversity, dominance, asynchrony and spatial scale in annual plant communities
<p><span><b><span>Aims:</span></b><span> Primary biomass production is a fundamental process for ecosystem functioning. Yet, little is known on the mechanisms driving temporal stability of biomass production in annual plant communities, particularly in communities </span>subjected to highly variable environments and undergoing temporal changes in species composition.<span> We aimed to disentangle </span>the relative importance of biomass production, species <span>diversity, dominance and asynchrony of species fluctuations as drivers of biomass stability in Mediterranean and semiarid annual plant communities. </span></span></p> <p><span><b><span>Location:</span></b><span> Mediterranean (</span><span>N31<sup>o</sup>42'; E35<sup>o</sup>03') and Semiarid (N31<sup>o</sup>23'; E34<sup>o</sup>54') sites, Israel.</span></span></p> <p><span><b><span>Methods:</span></b><span> Aboveground biomass and species abundance were monitored in 15 plots of 250m<sup>2</sup> per site during eight consecutive years. Relationships between stability drivers and community stability were studied at the regional (between-sites) and local (within-sites) spatial scales.</span></span></p> <p><span><b><span>Results:</span></b><span> Community biomass stability (temporal mean/SD) increased from the Semiarid to the Mediterranean site concomitantly with higher </span>biomass production, richness, and evenness, but was not associated with changes in species synchrony. Differences in stability between sites were due to opposite effects of site conditions on the mean and SD of community biomass, leading to higher stability in the Mediterranean site. Within sites, species asynchrony was the key driver of stability at the local spatial-scale. Richness and biomass production affected stability indirectly through asynchrony, but in different ways at each site. At the Mediterranean site, these factors had indirect negative effects on stability by reducing asynchrony, but did not rescind a positive effect of asynchrony on community stability. At the Semiarid site, biomass production had indirect positive effects on stability through asynchrony, while richness had no effect on asynchrony and stability. Stability was not driven by species evenness in either site. </span></p> <p><span><b><span>Conclusions: </span></b>Our study provides new insights into the complex control of biomass stability in the dynamics of <span>Mediterranean and semiarid annual plant communities, with d</span>ifferent mechanisms driving stability across the regional <i>vs.</i> local spatial scales. </span></p>
Data from: Impacts of mixed-grazing on root biomass and belowground net primary production in a temperate desert steppe
The impacts of large herbivores on plant communities differ depending on the plants and the herbivores. Few studies have explored how herbivores influence root biomass. Root growth of vegetation was studied in the field with four treatments: sheep grazing alone (SG), cattle grazing alone (CG), mixed grazing with cattle and sheep (MG) and no grazing (CK). Live and total root biomasses were measured using the root ingrowth core and the drilling core, respectively. After 2 years of grazing, total root biomass showed a decreasing trend while live root biomass increased with time during the growing seasons. Belowground net primary production (BNPP) among the treatments varied from 166±32 to 501±88 g.m-2 and root turnover rates (RTR) varied from 0.25±0.05 to 0.70±0.11 year-1. SG had the greatest BNPP and RTR, while the CG had the smallest BNPP and RTR. BNPP and RTR of the MG treatment were between those of the CG and SG treatments. BNPP and RTR of the CK were similar to MG treatment. Compared with other treatments, CG had a greater impact on dominant tall grasses species in communities. SG could decrease community diversity. MG eliminated the disadvantages of single-species grazing and was beneficial to community diversity and stability.
Data from: Litter removal in a tropical rain forest reduces fine root biomass and production but litter addition has few effects
Many old-growth lowland tropical rain forests are potentially nutrient limited, and it has long been thought that many such forests maintain growth by recycling nutrients from decomposing litter. We investigated this by continuously removing (for ten years) freshly fallen litter from five (45 m x 45 m) plots, adding it to five other plots, there were five controls. From monthly measures over one year we show that litter removal caused lower: fine root (≤2 mm diameter) standing mass, fine root standing length, fine root length production and fine root length survivorship. Litter addition did not significantly change fine root mass or length or production. Nutrient concentrations in fine roots in litter removal plots were lower than those in controls for nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), concentrations in fine roots in litter addition plots were higher for N and Ca. Chronic litter removal has resulted in reduced forest growth due to lack of nutrients, probably nitrogen. Conversely, long-term litter addition has had fewer effects.
Valorization of plastic wastes into value-add biochar production through co-pyrolysis with biomass residues
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Biomass production and stability of five energycane cultivars at two latitudes in Georgia, USA
<p>Energycane (<i>Saccharum</i> hyb.) could be a viable bioenergy crop for the Southeast USA. Five energycane cultivars were planted in 2008 at a northern (Watkinsville, GA) and a southern (Tifton, GA) site, and were grown for seven years to compare biomass yields. Plots were arranged in a four replicate randomized complete block design at each site. Energycane was grown under rainfed conditions with 90–112 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> N applied annually. Plant height was recorded at least monthly, and stalks were sampled to determine juice volume and Brix (estimate of sugar concentration) at harvest. Whole plots were mechanically harvested each year after killing freeze and weighed to determine biomass yields. Biomass yield and mature plant height were strongly correlated at both Tifton (<i>r</i> = 0.746) and Watkinsville (<i>r</i> = 0.727). Biomass yields peaked in year four at Tifton (39.8 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>) and year five at Watkinsville (30.5 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>), but local weather conditions had a greater influence on yields than stand age. Day-long freezes during the winter and late spring freezes after shoot emergence resulted in reduced growth rate and yields in subsequent growing seasons. These cold weather events were more common at Watkinsville than Tifton, resulting in yields being more variable at the northern location. The greatest yielding cultivars were Ho 06-9001 (27.0 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>) and Ho 06-9002 (25.1 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>). Stability analysis revealed that these two cultivars responded positively to favorable environments in terms of biomass yield and plant height.</p>
Temporal stabilizing effects of species richness and seed arrangement on grassland biomass production
<p><span>1. The extent to which individuals experience inter- and intraspecific interactions through their spatial arrangements within diverse plant communities, whether because of confounding effects of species richness, evenness, or direct changes in species patch sizes on their neighborhood relationships, could affect grassland biomass production and its stability at community scales. Elucidating the ways in which neighborhood effects and species richness contribute to such community responses has important implications for how practitioners establish grasslands to meet forage production and conservation goals. </span></p> <p><span>2. We assessed the effects of altering plant species richness (3 levels: 2, 4, or 8 forage species per plot) and seed arrangements (4 levels: species mixed and seeded or seeded in 0.0625 m<sup>2</sup>, 0.25 m<sup>2</sup>, or 1.0 m<sup>2</sup> single-species patches while maintaining plot-scale species evenness) on aboveground biomass production and its temporal stability in developing grasslands seeded with a suite of globally common forage species (three legumes, three cool-season grasses, two warm-season grasses). </span></p> <p><span>3. Communities seeded with more species and those with their seeds arranged into smaller conspecific patches produced more biomass</span><span> and were more temporally </span><span>stable than those seeded with fewer species and larger conspecific patches. The effect of manipulating species arrangements is attributable to greater neighborhood scale interspecific interactions and stronger complementary effects. Furthermore, seeding species into conspecific patches resulted in communities that were 34% more productive, that were just as temporally stable, and that had similar diversity effects as those seeded with a species mixture, as is common in grassland reconstruction efforts. </span></p> <p><span>4</span><span>. <em>Synthesis: </em></span><span>In comparison with conventional mixed-seeding methods, seeding grasslands with high species richness and small, single-species patches may promote grassland reconstruction through increased biomass production, temporal stability, and complementarity effects</span><span>.</span><span> Our study highlights the importance of </span><span>regulating intraspecific interactions within diverse communities for improving grassland biomass production</span><span> and suggests that efforts to reevaluate methods used to establish forage and conservation grasslands could result in greater biomass production and stability in these systems</span><span>.</span></p>
Multiphysics Modeling of Ultrasonic-assisted biomass torrefaction for fuel pellets production
<p>When an ultrasound wave propagates through a volume of biomass medium, the majority of the energy in the acoustic field is absorbed locally by the biomass, resulting in the generation of heat. This torrefaction effect results in a temperature increase of the biomass, converting biomass into a coal-like intermediate with upgraded fuel properties over the original biomass. However, few analyses can be found in the literature explaining the mechanism of ultrasound-assisted biomass torrefaction. This research aims to model an ultrasound-assisted biomass torrefaction system. The developed multiphysics model depicts the piezoelectric effect of a transducer, the vibration amplitude at the output end of the ultrasonic horn, and the acoustic intensity and temperature distributions in the biomass medium. The vibration amplitude and frequency of the ultrasonic horn were measured by a non-contact capacitive sensor, and it is verified the model can accurately simulate the ultrasonic vibration of the experimental system. The temperature at the center of the biomass was measured to validate the model’s temperature prediction. Both simulation and experiment showed that ultrasound-assisted biomass torrefaction can create torrefied fuel pellet within 60 seconds.</p>
Disentangling the effects of biomass and productivity in plant competition
<p>The relationship between competition and productivity in plant communities is unclear, likely due to (i) a confusion in the literature between productivity and biomass, (ii) the lack of studies assessing variation in competition in all combinations of biomass and productivity. We assessed the outcome of plant-plant interactions by removing neighbors around five focal species in 14 herbaceous communities with contrasting biomasses and productivities: meadows with high biomass and productivity, heathlands with high biomass and low productivity, understorey communities of deciduous forests with low biomass and high productivity and calcareous grasslands with low biomass and low productivity. Competition intensity was quantified with the relative interaction index (RII) calculated for both survival and growth of the transplanted targets assessed with the increase in leaf number. To examine which traits better explain variation in competition and what drives variation in diversity, we e also quantified litter decomposition rate, species composition and diversity and six morphological traits related to plant size and growth rate for eight dominant species of each community. Our main questions were: (i) is competition mostly related to biomass or productivity? (ii) which traits of the community dominants better explain variation in competition? (iii) is variation in competition and related-traits correlated with variation in diversity? Competition for survival significantly increased with increasing community biomass (but not productivity). In addition, competition for survival increased with the size traits and competitive effects of the dominant species of the communities, while diversity decreased. Competition for growth also increased with increasing productivity, but only for high biomass communities. Additionally, the increase in competition for growth with increasing soil fertility, as measured with litter decomposition rate, was only due to an increase in target growth in plots without neighbors and was unrelated to community competitive effects and species diversity. The results of our study illustrate how the confusion between productivity and biomass could have contributed to the longstanding debate on variation in competition along productivity gradients and its consequence for diversity.</p>
Aviation Fuel Production Pathways from Lignocellulosic Biomass via Alcohol Intermediates – A Technical Analysis - Supplementary Material
<p>Data for the associated publication </p>
Restored legume acts as a 'nurse' to facilitate plant compensatory growth and biomass production in mown grasslands
<p>Legume restoration was conducted in a temperate grassland in Hulunbuir, northeastern Inner Mongolia, China, by reseeding native legumes. This process was followed by annual mowing and phosphorus (P) application over a seven-year period (2014–2020). Throughout this period, we measured aboveground biomass, plant diversity, and the relative biomass of five functional plant groups each year. In 2020, we assessed six functional traits of 15 common plant species in both legume-restored and naturally-restored grasslands, respectively. Using these trait values and relative biomass data, we calculated community-weighted means and functional diversity indices for each plot.</p> <p> </p>
Synthetic natural gas (SNG) production with higher carbon recovery from biomass: Techno-economic assessment
<p>Dataset for the paper: Synthetic natural gas (SNG) production with higher carbon recovery from biomass: Techno-economic assessment</p>
Data from: Impacts of biomass production at civil airports on grassland bird conservation and aviation strike risk
Growing concerns about climate change, foreign oil dependency, and environmental quality have fostered interest in perennial native grasses (e.g. switchgrass [Panicum virgatum]) for bioenergy production while also maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function. However, biomass cultivation in marginal landscapes such as airport grasslands may have detrimental effects on aviation safety as well as conservation efforts for grassland birds. In 2011–2013 we investigated effects of vegetation composition and harvest frequency on seasonal species richness and habitat use of grassland birds and modeled relative abundance, aviation risk, and conservation value of birds associated with biomass crops. Avian relative abundance was greater in switchgrass monoculture plots during the winter months, whereas Native Warm-Season Grass (NWSG) mixed species plantings were favored by species during the breeding season. Conversely, treatment differences in aviation risk and conservation value were not biologically significant. Only 2.6% of observations included avian species of high hazard to aircraft, providing support for semi-natural grasslands as a feasible landcover option at civil airports. Additionally, varied harvest frequencies across a mosaic of switchgrass monocultures and NWSG plots allows for biomass production with multiple vegetation structure options for grassland birds to increase seasonal avian biodiversity and habitat use.
Magnitude and mechanisms of nitrogen-mediated responses of tree biomass production to elevated CO2: a global synthesis
<p>1. Elevated atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration (eCO<sub>2</sub>) typically stimulates tree growth, which is mediated by nitrogen (N) availability; but how N regulates tree biomass responses to eCO<sub>2</sub> remains uncertain, which limits our prediction of forest carbon (C) cycling under future global change scenarios.</p> <p>2. A meta-analysis of a global dataset including 3399 observations from 283 papers published from 1980s to February 2021 was conducted with the aim of elucidating N-mediated responses of tree biomass production to eCO<sub>2</sub> and the underlying mechanisms.</p> <p>3. We found that eCO<sub>2</sub> stimulated tree biomass production (+32.0%), while it induced accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates in leaves rather than in woods and roots, suggesting that the production may be C-limited but depend on the sink strength of organs. Biomass responses to eCO<sub>2</sub> of N-fertilized trees (+39.6%) were 68.4% greater than those of non-fertilized trees (+25%), confirming that tree growth is also N-limited. Such N limitation was alleviated by the eCO<sub>2</sub>-induced increases in N uptake and N-use efficiency (NUE), with the former being more important. Increases in tree N pool arose from the enhanced production of fine roots with a lower specific root length, whereas increases in NUE resulted from the flexibility in tissue C:N ratios instead of N resorption efficiency. The positive responses of tree biomass production to eCO<sub>2</sub> were greater for ectomycorrhizal trees and conifers than for arbuscular mycorrhizal trees and angiosperms, respectively.</p> <p>4. Synthesis: Our findings suggest that eCO<sub>2</sub> stimulates tree biomass production by increasing C availability, and alleviating N limitation in a feedback way via enhancing N uptake and NUE; and they improve our mechanistic understanding of responses of forest productivity and C sequestration to eCO<sub>2</sub> under global change.</p>
Process development and analyses for the co-production of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and 1,4-pentanediol from lignocellulosic biomass
<p>The development of technologies for utilizing biomass has attracted attention because biomass can be produced sustainably worldwide. Biomass-derived 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF), which is a promising alternative to gasoline, has great market potential and a growing demand. However, in conventional biomass conversion processes, the minimum selling price (MSP) of biochemicals is not economically acceptable. Co-production of biochemicals can increase the economics of biomass utilization. Herein, we developed a process for coproducing MTHF and 1,4-pentanediol (1,4-PDO) from lignocellulosic biomass. After biomass fractionation, cellulose and hemicellulose were converted to levulinic acid (LA), and lignin was used for heat and electricity generation. LA was then converted to γ-valerolactone (GVL). As a platform material for co-production, GVL was converted into MTHF and 1,4-PDO in each subsystem. The split ratio of GVL was controlled to efficiently produce MTHF and 1,4-PDO according to market conditions. Additionally, we performed a techno-economic and life-cycle assessment (TEA and LCA, respectively) for the developed process. The MSP of MTHF was calculated based on the TEA results, and the environmental impacts were quantitatively calculated based on the LCA results. We performed heat integration using pinch analysis and then reduced the energy requirement of the proposed process. The key cost drivers and environmental factors of the proposed process were identified via sensitivity analyses. Consequently, during the processing of 2,000 ton/day of corn stover (raw material of lignocellulose), the MSP of MTHF was calculated as $2.64/GGE (gasoline equivalent), and representative environmental impacts such as climate change and fossil depletion were calculated as -0.296 kg CO2 eq and -0.056 kg oil eq, respectively. <a name="_Hlk131691308"></a>As a result, we can increase the economics of commercial production of MTHF and 1,4-PDO with environmental sustainability. The proposed process can serve as a potential solution to the growing demand for the need for more sustainable biomass utilization.</p>
Data from: Rye planting date impacts biomass production more than seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizer
<p>This zipped folder contains the code and datasets used for an experiment conducted over six years (2015–2020) at the Wiregrass Research and Extension Center in Headland, AL to examine rye biomass production. Treatments included four planting dates (late October, early November, late November, and early December), two seeding rates ( 67 and 101 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>), and four nitrogen rates (0, 34, 67, and 101 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>) replicated four times for a total of 128 observations each year. Measured and/or calculated variables from the data set included biomass, total C and N concentrations for the plant material, C:N ratio, N uptake values, as well as cost info for the biomass. In addition, there are three years of peanut yield data (2015, 2017, 2019) and only two years of cotton yield data (2016, 2020). No cotton data was collected for 2018 due to hurricane damage. Initial and final soil total C values were also measured across the 0 and 101 kg N ha<sup>-1 </sup>rates for the 67 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> seeding rate. </p>
Data from: Rye planting date impacts biomass production more than seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizer
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Temporal stabilizing effects of species richness and seed arrangement on grassland biomass production
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Does functional trait diversity predict aboveground biomass and productivity of tropical forests? Testing three alternative hypotheses
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.