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156 results for “bone histology”
FIG. 1 in Variation in bone histology of middle Eocene sirenians from western Europe
FIG. 1. — Reconstruction of a sirenian rib from the middle Eocene of Uztarrotz (Navarre, western Pyrenees), based on specimens UZ1-21, 22 and 31, showing the outlines in cross section where the histological sections were made. Scale bar: 25 mm.
Figure 15. Histology underlying grossly smooth surface patterns. A in Growth and textural ageing in long bones of the American alligator Alligator mississippiensis (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae)
Figure 15. Histology underlying grossly smooth surface patterns. A, slight surface undulations (arrows) associated grossly with shallow dimples (FWC 40854, femur section b). B, smooth surface underlain by zone of lamellar bone (FWC 40583, humerus section c). C, smooth surface underlain by annulus. Arrows indicate annuli throughout cortex (FWC LGS8, tibia section d). Scale bars = 230 µm.
Figure 14. Histology underlying porous surface patterns. A in Growth and textural ageing in long bones of the American alligator Alligator mississippiensis (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae)
Figure 14. Histology underlying porous surface patterns. A, zone of fibrolamellar bone underlying etched porous surface (FWC 40723, tibia section c). B, fibrolamellar zone with large radial channels (arrow) underlying surface with overprinted dotted and etched porosity (FWC 40723, femur section c). C, longitudinal channels underlying radiating fibrous region, with arrows indicating channels intersecting and recently incorporated into the bone surface (FWC LGS4, femur section d). D, channels in varying orientations underlying dotted porous surface (FWC LGS1, femur section c). E, zone of lamellar bone underlying dotted porous surface (FWC 40583, humerus section c). Scale bars = 230 µm.
Fig. 2 in Fossil bone histology reveals ancient origins for rapid juvenile growth in tetrapods
Fig. 2 The histology of Whatcheeria femora from size classes I and II. Under polarized light and a lambda filter, FMNH PR 5022 represents size class I (a–d) and contains a comparatively thick cortex (a) composed of fibrolamellar bone (b–d) and some parallel-fibered bone at the periosteal surface (c). Expansion of the medullary cavity results in endosteal remodeling of the fibrolamellar cortex (d). µCT scans of an additional size class I specimen, FMNH PR 1735, display similar tissue distribution (e) and composition (f–h). FMNH PR 5021 represents size class II (i–l). Although there are endosteally located sections of fibrolamellar bone (k, l), the narrow cortex of this specimen is mostly composed of parallel-fibered bone that is actively being remodeled both from the endosteal surface and via secondary remodeling (j). In a, e, i, the adductor crest (ventral) is oriented towards the bottom and marked with an asterisk. Scale bars: a, e, i = 5 mm; d, f, g, h, k = 250 µm; b, c, j = 100 µm. Abbreviations: eer endosteal erosion, flb fibrolamellar bone, ob osteonal bone, pfb parallel-fibered bone, ser secondary remodeling erosion, so secondary osteon, tr trabecular bone, wfb woven-fibered bone.
Fig. 1 in Fossil bone histology reveals ancient origins for rapid juvenile growth in tetrapods
Fig. 1 Whatcheeria deltae is an early diverging Carboniferous stem tetrapod. a Known from the latest Viséan–earliest Serpukhovian (331–326 Ma) Jasper Hiemstra Quarry of Iowa, USA (b). Our sample includes a range of known size classes of Whatcheeria femora, a selection of which are figured here (c). From left to right the specimens include size class I (FMNH PR 5021), size class II (FMNH PR 1962), size class III (FMNH PR 1958), and size class IV (FMNH PR 5023). Scale bar for skeletal reconstruction = 10 cm and femora specimens = 1 cm. Global map is modified from the PaleoBio Database and Ichthyostega silhouette was drawn by SEP, while others were sourced from PhyloPic.
Fig. 4 in Fossil bone histology reveals ancient origins for rapid juvenile growth in tetrapods
Fig. 4 The histology of Whatcheeria femora from size class IV. Under polarized light and a lambda filter, FMNH PR 5023 contains an abundant trabecular network in the medullary cavity and a narrow cortex (a). The cortex is composed primarily of lamellar bone (b, c) with some secondary remodeling (c). The trabeculae in this specimen are well-developed and composed of lamellar tissue (d). These general observations are consistent with an additional specimen, FMNH PR 1958, visualized with µCT imaging (e), including a developed trabecular network in the medullary cavity and a narrow lamellar cortex (f). In a and e the adductor crest (ventral) is oriented towards the bottom and marked with an asterisk. Abbreviations: lfb lamellar-fibered bone, mc medullary cavity, pfb parallel-fibered bone, so secondary osteon, tr trabeculae. Scale bars: a, e = 5 mm; b, f = 250 µm; c, d = 100 µm.
Fig. 3 in Fossil bone histology reveals ancient origins for rapid juvenile growth in tetrapods
Fig. 3 The histology of Whatcheeria femora from size class III. Thin sections of FMNH PR 1962 visualized under polarized light and a lambda filter (a–d) reveal a cortex composed of both lamellar and parallel-fibered bone (b–d). There is evidence of ample secondary remodeling in this specimen (d). µCT scans of a slightly smaller femur, FMNH PR 1952, contain evidence of a largely parallel-fibered cortex and little lamellar bone (e, f) suggesting this specimen was at the earliest stages of growth in size class III. Additional specimens within size class III include FMNH PR 1992 (g) and FMNH PR 1760 (h), both of which have narrow cortices composed primarily of what appears to be parallel-fibered bone with lamellar bone along the periosteal surface. In a, e, g, h the adductor crest (ventral) is oriented towards the bottom and marked with an asterisk. Abbreviations: lfb lamellar-fibered bone, mc medullary cavity, pfb parallel-fibered bone, ser secondary remodeling erosion, so secondary osteon. Scale bars: a, e, g, h = 5 mm; b, c, f, inset g = 250 µm;
Figure 3. – Lepisosteus platostomus. Left jaw. A in Histological characteristics of lower jaw bones and oral teeth of the short nose gar, Lepisosteus platostomus Rafinesque, 1820 (Lepisosteidae)
Figure 3. – Lepisosteus platostomus. Left jaw. A: Axial section of a caniniform tooth showing the apical cap of acrodin (ac) above the dentine cone (de), the collar enamel (en) that covers the tooth shaft, the dentine folds in the pulp cavity (pc), and the coronoid bone (cb). Scale bar = 500 μm. B: Detail of the apex of the tooth showing the odontoblastic canaliculi (arrow). Scale bar = 20 μm. C: Transverse section of a caniniform tooth showing the external ridges (arrows) and the dentine folds (arrowheads) in the pulp cavity (pc). The dentine is overlain by a thin collar enamel (en) covering the tooth shaft and participating in the folds. Scale bar = 100 μm. D: The section crosses through three small lingual teeth that show minute folds in their pulp cavity. A caniniform tooth can be seen at the bottom left. Scale bar = 50 μm.
Figure 2. – Lepisosteus platostomus. A in Histological characteristics of lower jaw bones and oral teeth of the short nose gar, Lepisosteus platostomus Rafinesque, 1820 (Lepisosteidae)
Figure 2. – Lepisosteus platostomus. A: External view of the left lower jaw showing the caniniform teeth on the labial side of the jaw. The largest tooth (arrow) is located at the anterior tip of the jaw. On the lingual side of the jaw there are small sharp teeth (arrowheads). Scale bar = 5 mm. In the inset a detail of a caniniform tooth showing the external ridges at its base (arrowhead). Scale bar = 1 mm. B-D: Right jaw. B: Cross section of the jaw (microradiograph) showing five small teeth inserted on a coronoid bone (upper left) plus a larger tooth on the dentary. The white asterisk indicates the unmineralized Meckel's cartilage on the left hand side of the dentary (de). Scale bar = 2.5 mm. In the inset a microradiograph of a caniniform tooth and its attachment bone (bo), also showing its dentine core (arrowhead) with the apical acrodin cap (arrow). C: Parasagittal median section of the jaw (microradiograph) showing five caniniform teeth. The dentine folds occupy the total height of the pulp cavities. On the left one can also see five hypermineralized acrodin caps. Scale bar = 2 mm. D: Parasagittal lingual section of the jaw (microradiograph) showing the small lingual teeth series some of them showing minute mineralized folds in the pulp cavity. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figure 1 in Some histological data of bone and teeth in the Rift Eelpout, Thermarces cerberus (Zoarcidae)
Figure 1. – Thermarces cerberus. Horizontal section (transmitted polarized light) of the lower left jaw showing numerous teeth sections aligned on two rows. The arrowhead points to the tooth detailed in figures 2, 3, 4. Scale bar = 500 µm. Figures 2, 3, 4. – Thermarces cerberus. Left lower jaw. Detail of a cross section of a tooth (see arrowhead in Fig. 1), natural transmitted light, polarized light and microradiography, respectively. The arrowhead points to the superficial hypermineralized layer of enameloid (Fig. 4). De: dentine; pc: pulp cavity. Scale bar = 100 µm. Figure 5. – Thermarces cerberus. Transversal section of the right lower jaw showing an axial section of a tooth. The tooth is fixed on the vascularized supporting bone (sb) by an unmineralized ligament (li). The dentine core is surrounded by a thin hypermineralized enameloid layer well seen at the tip of the tooth (en). At the base of the tooth, on the right, there is a tooth bud (arrowhead) in a lateral alveola of the dentary. Mc: Meckel cartilage. Scale bar = 250 µm. Figure 6. – Thermarces cerberus. Detail of a sagittal section of a vertebra. A: Polarized light; B: Microradiography. Note the fibrillary component of the vertebral bone (arrowhead). The mineralization of the vertebral bone is heterogeneous, and three weakly hypermineralized growth zones are seen (arrows). Scale bar = 100 µm.
Figure 1 in Some histological data on bone and teeth in the grey notothen (Lepidonotothen squamifrons) and in the mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) (Notothenioidei; Perciformes; Teleostei)
Figure 1. – Lepidonotothen squamifrons (227 mm SL). Cross section of the dental (APS-Groat-PIC). A: Bony tissue is deprived of osteocytes. Arrows point to vascular cavities. B: Detail of an erosive cavity showing active osteoclasts (arrowheads). The arrows point to osteoblastic canaliculi. C: Champsocephalus gunnari (150 mm SL) (AZAN). Bony tissue is deprived of osteocytes and osteoblastic canaliculi are seen (arrowheads). Scale bars: A = 250 μm; B, C = 25 μm.
Fig. 3 in Growth and life habits of the Triassic cynodont Trirachodon, inferred from bone histology
Fig. 3. Transverse sections of Trirachodon tibiae. A. Tibia (NMQR3282b) showing a highly vascularized reticular network in fibro−lamellar bone. Two annuli are noted in the mid−cortex and periphery respectively (arrowheads). B. Tibia (SAM−PK−K5881c) where annuli are observed interrupt− ing the fibro−lamellar bone tissue at intervals (arrowheads). A LAG (open arrow) is observed at the periphery and secondary osteons (closed arrow) are seen scattered throughout the cortex, sometimes reaching the subperiosteal surface. Large resorption cavities are also noted. MC refers to medullary cavity. Scale bars 125 µm.
FIGURE 14 in Bone histology reveals the first record of titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Bulgaria
FIGURE 14 (caption on next page).
FIGURE 9 in Bone histology reveals the first record of titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Bulgaria
FIGURE 9 (caption on next page).
FIGURE 10 in Bone histology reveals the first record of titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Bulgaria
FIGURE 10 (caption on next page).
FIGURE 11 in Bone histology reveals the first record of titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Bulgaria
FIGURE 11 (caption on next page).
FIGURE 6 in Bone histology reveals the first record of titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Bulgaria
FIGURE 6 (caption on next page).
Histological Evaluation of Healing Following Ridge Preservation Using a Combined Cortical/Cancellous Mineralized Freeze-Dried Bone Allograft
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02275767. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Histological Comparison of Ridge Preservation Using Mineralized FDBA Alone Versus a Combined Mineralized-Demineralized Freeze Dried Bone Allograft
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01924390. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.
Data from: Palaeobiology of the early sauropodomorph Mussaurus patagonicus inferred from its long bone histology
<p>We present here a detailed histological study of long bones from an ontogenetic series of <em>Mussaurus patagonicus</em>, an early sauropodomorph from the Early Jurassic of Argentina. Twenty long bones, including humeri, femora and fibulae, obtained from thirteen individuals of different body sizes were sampled for histological analysis. In general terms, the cortical bone is formed by a well vascularized fibrolamellar and parallel fibred bone. Except for the smaller individuals, cyclical growth marks (CGMs) are well recorded in all the specimens, but their number and relative position is highly variable. <em>Mussaurus</em> exhibits marked variation regarding relative growth rates, with some individuals growing much faster than others. Such variation affects the size of the adult individuals, which results in a poor correlation between the body size and the age/ontogenetic stage for this taxon. These discrepancies may be related to sexual dimorphism and/or developmental plasticity. Intraspecific variation is also recorded with regard to the growth strategies, which can vary from cyclical, as in other early sauropodomorphs, to continuous, as reported in sauropods. Sexual maturity appears to be reached between 23 and 31 years, which is delayed in comparison to other early sauropodomorphs, but more compatible to derived sauropods. The attainment of somatic maturity appears to be reached about 14 years after the onset of sexual maturity. <em>Mussaurus</em> is a sauropodiform, phylogenetically closer to sauropods than most other sauropodomorphs, and therefore provides critical information for understanding paleobiological aspects relevant to the origin of sauropods and the onset of gigantism in this lineage.</p>
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