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568 results for “brood”
Phylogenomics illuminates the phylogeny of flower weevils (Curculioninae) and reveals ten independent origins of brood-site pollination mutualism in true weevils
<p><strong>Phylogenomics illuminates the phylogeny of flower weevils (Curculioninae) and reveals ten independent origins of brood-site pollination mutualism in true weevils (142 /150 characters)</strong></p> <p>Haran J.<sup>1*</sup>, Li X.<sup>2,3,4*</sup>, Allio R.<sup>5*</sup>, Shin S.<sup>3,4,6</sup>, Benoit L.<sup>1</sup>, Oberprieler R.G.<sup>7</sup>, Farrell B.D.<sup>8</sup>, Brown S.D.J.<sup>9</sup>, Leschen R.A.B.<sup>10</sup>, Kergoat G.J.<sup>5</sup> & McKenna D.D.<sup>3,4</sup></p> <p>* Equal contribution</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Affiliations</strong></p> <p><sup>1</sup> CBGP, CIRAD, INRAE, IRD, Institut Agro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France. ORCID: 0000-0001-9458-3785 (JH); 0000-0003-3740-5346 (LB)</p> <p><sup>2</sup> Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. ORCID: 0000-0002-0622-2064 (XL)</p> <p><sup>3</sup> Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152 ORCID: 0000-0002-7823-8727 (DDM)</p> <p><sup>4</sup> Center for Biodiversity Research, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152</p> <p><sup>5</sup> CBGP, INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France. ORCID: 000-0003-3885-5410 (RA); 0000-0002-8284-6215 (GJK)</p> <p><sup>6</sup> School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.</p> <p>ORCID: 0000-0002-4258-8661 (SS)</p> <p><sup>7</sup> CSIRO, Australian National Insect Collection, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. ORCID: 0000-0002-1837-580X (RGO)</p> <p><sup>8</sup> Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. ORCID: 0000-0002-6843-0539 (BDF)</p> <p><sup>9</sup> Bio-Protection Research Centre, P.O. Box 85084, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand. Current address: The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Mount Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. ORCID: 0000-0001-7112-421X (SDJB)</p> <p><sup>10</sup> Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, PB 92170, Auckland, New Zealand. ORCID: 0000-0001-8549-8933 (RABL)</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Weevils are an unusually species-rich group of phytophagous insects, for which there is increasing evidence of frequent involvement in brood-site pollination. This study examines phylogenetic patterns in the emergence of brood-site pollination mutualism among one of the most speciose beetle groups, the flower weevils (subfamily Curculioninae). We analyzed a novel phylogenomic dataset consisting of 214 nuclear loci for 202 weevil species, with a sampling that mainly includes flower weevils as well as representatives of all major lineages of true weevils (Curculionidae). Our phylogenomic analyses establish a uniquely comprehensive phylogenetic framework for Curculioninae and provide new insights into the relationships among lineages of true weevils. Based on this phylogeny, statistical reconstruction of ancestral character states revealed at least ten independent origins of brood-site pollination in higher weevils through transitions from ancestral associations with reproductive structures in the larval stage. Broadly, our results illuminate the unexpected frequency with which true weevils — typically specialized phytophages and hence antagonists of plants — have evolved mutualistic interactions of ecological significance that are key to both weevil and plant evolutionary fitness and thus a component of their deeply intertwined macroevolutionary success.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong><em>Figures </em></strong></p> <p><strong>Figure 1 (part I).</strong> Maximum-likelihood tree resulting from analyses of 214 nuclear protein-coding genes (focus on the CEGH clade and outgroups). Support at node refers to SH-aLRT values ≥ 80% and uBV ≥ 95% (**). Single * refer to SH-aLRT values ≥ 80% only. Clades with black branches and highlighted in blue are classified in Curculioninae sensu Caldara et al. (2014). Taxa displayed on the left: 1 - Hypsomus sp. (Styphlini); 2 - Myllorhinus sp. (Storeini s. lat.); 3 - Encosmia sp. (Storeini s. lat.).</p> <p><strong>Figure 1 (part II).</strong> Maximum-likelihood tree resulting from analyses of 214 nuclear protein-coding genes (focus on the CCCMS clade). Node support values refer to SH-aLRT values ≥ 80% and uBV ≥ 95% (**). Single * refer to SH-aLRT values ≥ 80% only. Clades with black branches and highlighted in blue are classified in Curculioninae sensu Caldara et al., (2014). Clades highlighted in darker blue contain genera engaged in brood-site pollination mutualism and the corresponding genera are highlighted in orange (higher taxonomic rank when specific genera are not included in the tree). Other lineages of the CCCMS clade are in bold font. Taxa displayed on the right: 1 - Tychius sp. (Tychiini); 2 - Anthonomus sp. (Athonomini); 3 - Tachyerges sp. (Rhamphini); 4 - Derelomus sp. (Derelomini); 5 - Cionus sp. (Cionini); 6 - Daeneus sp. (Ochyromerini); 7 - Meriphus sp. (Eugnomini); 8 - Archarius sp. (Curculionini); 9 - Dorytomus sp. (Ellescini); 10 - Cleopomiarus sp. (Mecinini).</p> <p><strong>Figure 2.</strong> Results of the ASE analysis of larval tissue specialization carried out on the CCCMS clade, with an ER model and using a continuous-time reversible Markov model with 1000 simulations. In addition, red arrows are used to underline the independent origins of brood-site mutualism inferred in another ASE analysis (see Fig. S4). Two clades including brood-site pollinator genera that were not sampled in our study are also highlighted using red rectangles.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong><em>Additional files</em></strong></p> <p><strong>Figure S1</strong>. Full ML tree with support values.</p> <p><strong>Figure S2</strong>. Support for ML analyses.</p> <p><strong>Figure S3</strong>. Results of the ASE analysis of the evolution of the tissue specialization by weevil larvae in the CCCMS clade, with an ER model and using a continuous time-reversible Markov model with 1000 simulations. </p> <p><strong>Figure S4</strong>. Results of the ASE analysis on the evolution of brood-site pollination in the CCCMS clade, with an ER model and using a continuous time-reversible Markov model with 1000 simulations.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong><em>Zenodo supplementary files</em></strong></p> <p><strong>AHE_pipeline.txt </strong>shows the detailed step-by-step script used to generate the phylogeny obtained in this study from raw sequencing data.</p> <p><strong>ASE Analyses.zip</strong> contains the script and the associated raw results of the ASE analyses.</p> <p><strong>Cole_tcas_probes.fasta</strong> contains the Coleopteran probes used.</p> <p><strong>IBA results.zip</strong> contains IBA results.</p> <p><strong>IQ-TREE files.zip</strong> contains input and output files of the IQ-TREE analysis.</p> <p><strong>Scripts.zip</strong> contains the scripts associated with the file AHE_pipeline.txt.</p> <p> </p>
Single fathers sacrifice their broods and re-mate quickly in a socially monogamous cichlid
<p><span>When one of two parents disappears in the midst of caring for offspring, the remaining parent is left with several options. They can either i) desert the brood, ii) continue caring on their own and reject propositions from new potential partners, or iii) continue caring but remain receptive to re-mating opportunities. The presence of a brood may increase re-mating success of single parents, either because brood care is perceived as a signal of partner quality, or because prospective mates perceive the brood as a potential energy source. </span><span>In this field experiment, we used the socially monogamous, biparental cichlid fish <em>Variabilichromis</em> <em>moorii</em> to examine the re-mating strategy of males with or without dependent offspring after the loss of their female partner. Partner vacancies were filled quickly by new females, and these females engaged in high levels of affiliative behavior with the males. The new females engaged in territorial defense but focused primarily against intruding conspecifics, likely as a means to repel rivals. The males, in turn, took over the majority of territorial defense against intruding heterospecifics. Interestingly, males that still had offspring from their previous partnerships did not show aggression towards their new female partners, even when those females were infanticidal and cannibalizing the males' previous offspring. Overall, our experiment shows that single fathers of a biparental species will re-mate quickly even at the detriment of their current offspring.</span></p>
Nest-switch and nest site selection pattern in the double-brooded Japanese tits (Parus minor)
<p><span>Most studies on nest site selection in multiple-brooded birds indicate that breeders tend to reuse the original nest site for subsequent breeding attempts within the same season. However, there are also some instances that many breeders may choose to move and build a new nest. The factors of habit</span><span>at</span><span> affecting nest switching of multiple-brooded avian species are poorly investigated. In this study, we investigated whether facultatively double-brooded Japanese tits (<em>Parus minor)</em> adapt their nest site characteristics in response to changes in environmental conditions during the second breeding attempt. Our results showed that </span><span>second breeding nest boxes of Japanese tits had lower shrub height and fewer total number of tree species, but taller </span><span>nest box height and higher </span><span>shrub density</span> <span>compared to the control nest boxes. Compared with first-breeding nest boxes, second-breeding nest boxes used by Japanese tits had lower shrub height and higher shrub density. Our results suggest</span><span>ed</span><span> that Japanese tits </span><span>selected</span> <span>nest sites for second breeding based on nest site characteristics, which may be related to food availability or predator avoidance</span><span>.</span></p>
Lack of host specialization despite selective host use in brood parasitic cuckoo catfish
<p><span>Host-parasite dynamics involves coevolutionary arms races, commonly leading to host specialization. General understanding of evolutionary trajectories of specialization in brood parasites is compromised by restricted focus on bird and insect lineages. We studied host utilization and host specificity in a natural population of the cuckoo catfish (<em>Synodontis multipunctatus</em>) which is an obligate parasite of parental care of mouthbrooding cichlids in Lake Tanganyika. On a sample of 779 host broods from 20 cichlid species, we detected four host species (with prevalence of parasitism of 2-18%). Phylogenetic analysis based on genomic (ddRAD sequencing) and mitochondrial (Dloop) data from cuckoo catfish embryos showed an absence of host-specific lineages, despite former indications of two morphological forms of the cuckoo catfish. This was corroborated by analyses of genetic structure and co-ancestry matrix. All host species were from the tribe Tropheini, maternal mouthbrooders that spawn over a substrate (rather than in open water). Parasitized host individuals carried smaller clutches (as cuckoo catfish prey on cichlid eggs), but did not differ in their body size or habitat use from non-parasitized conspecifics. We conclude that the cuckoo catfish is an intermediate generalist, selecting a subset of available cichlid species as hosts but not forming host-specific lineages. Brood parasitism in the cuckoo catfish arose in a lineage which lacks any parental care and we discuss costs and benefits of host specialization in this species and brood parasites in general.</span></p>
Figure 5. The two locations where periodical cicadas, Magicicada septendecim Brood X in Protandrous Arrival in a Population of the Periodical Cicada Magicicada septendecim (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in Montgomery County, Maryland
Figure 5. The two locations where periodical cicadas, Magicicada septendecim Brood X, were counted in Silver Spring, Maryland, May–June 2004.
Data from: Genomic data reveal unexpected relatedness between a brown female Eastern bluebird and her brood
<p>Because plumage coloration is frequently involved in sexual selection, for both male and female mate choice, birds with aberrant plumage should have fewer mating opportunities and thus lower reproductive output. Here we report an Eastern Bluebird (<em>Sialia sialis</em>) female with a brown phenotype that raised a brood of four chicks to fledging. The brown female and her mate were only related to their social offspring to the second degree and one of the offspring was a half-sibling. We propose four family tree scenarios and discuss their implications (e.g., extra-pair paternity, conspecific brood parasitism), but regardless of the tree, the brown female was able to find a mate, which may have been facilitated by the bottleneck created by the severe snowstorms in February 2021.</p>
Data from: Wood ducks and hooded mergansers as interspecific brood parasites: An evaluation of parasitic egg survival
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Single fathers sacrifice their broods and re-mate quickly in a socially monogamous cichlid
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Group intrusions by a brood parasitic fish are competitive not cooperative
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Using metabolic data to investigate the role of brood size in the development of endothermy
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Larval brooding correlated with high early origination rates in cheilostome Bryozoa
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Combined measures of mimetic fidelity explain imperfect mimicry in a brood parasite–host system
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Data from: Peregrine Falcons shift mean and variance in provisioning in response to increasing brood demand
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Low incidence of sibling cannibalism among brood parasitic cuckoo catfish embryos
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Datasets and R code for: Brood as booty: The effect of colony size and resource value in social insect contests
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Brood ball data from the dung beetle species Phanaeus vindex exposed to warmer temperatures
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Are urbanization and brood parasitism associated with differences in telomere lengths in song sparrows?
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Data from: Costly conspicuousness reveals benefits of sexual dimorphism in brood parasitic diederik cuckoos
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Wood duck nest survival and duckling recruitment is minimally affected by interspecific brood parasitism from hooded mergansers and black-bellied whistling-ducks
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Data from: Genomic data reveal unexpected relatedness between a brown female Eastern bluebird and her brood
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