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128 results for “carbon biomass”
Global biogeography of fungal and bacterial biomass carbon in topsoil
<p>Bacteria and fungi, representing two major soil microorganism groups, play an important role in global nutrient biogeochemistry. Biogeographic patterns of bacterial and fungal biomass are of fundamental importance for mechanistically understanding nutrient cycling. We synthesized 1323 data points of phospholipid fatty acid-derived fungal biomass C (FBC), bacterial biomass C (BBC), and fungi:bacteria (F:B) ratio in topsoil, spanning 11 major biomes. The FBC, BBC, and F:B ratio display clear biogeographic patterns along latitude and environmental gradients including mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, net primary productivity, root C density, soil temperature, soil moisture, and edaphic factors. At the biome level, tundra has the highest FBC and BBC densities at 3684 (95% confidence interval: 1678~8084) mg kg<sup>-1</sup> and 428 (237~774) mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively; desert has the lowest FBC and BBC densities at 16.92 (14.4~19.89) mg kg<sup>-1</sup> and 6.83 (6.1~7.65) mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The F:B ratio varies dramatically, ranging from 1.8 (1.6~2.1) in savanna to 8.6 (6.7~11.0) in tundra. An empirical model was developed for the F:B ratio and it is combined with a global dataset of soil microbial biomass C to produce global maps for FBC and BBC in 0-30 cm topsoil. Across the globe, the highest FBC is found in boreal forest and tundra while the highest BBC is in boreal forest and tropical/subtropical forest, the lowest FBC and BBC are in shrub and desert. Global stocks of living microbial biomass C were estimated to be 12.6 (6.6~16.4) Pg C for FBC and 4.3 (0.5~10.3) Pg C for BBC in topsoil. These findings advance our understanding of the global distribution of fungal and bacterial biomass, which facilitates the incorporation of fungi and bacteria into Earth system models. The global maps of bacterial and fungal biomass serve as a benchmark for validating microbial models in simulating the global C cycle under a changing climate.</p>
Water availability drives above-ground biomass and bird richness in forest restoration plantings to achieve carbon and biodiversity co-benefits
<p>To combat global warming and biodiversity loss we require effective forest restoration that encourages recovery of species diversity and ecosystem function to deliver essential ecosystem services, such as biomass accumulation. Further, understanding how and where to undertake restoration to achieve carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation would provide an opportunity to finance ecosystem restoration under carbon markets. We surveyed 30 native mixed-species plantings in subtropical forests and woodlands in Australia, and used structural equation modelling to determine vegetation, soil and climate variables most likely driving above-ground biomass accrual and bird richness, and investigate the relationships between plant diversity, above-ground biomass accrual and bird diversity. We focussed on woodland and forest-dependent birds, and functional groups at risk of decline (insectivorous, understorey-nesting, and small-bodied birds). We found that mean moisture availability strongly limits above-ground biomass accrual and bird richness in restoration plantings, indicating potential synergies in choosing sites for carbon and biodiversity purposes. Counter to theory, woody plant richness was a poor direct predictor of above-ground biomass accrual, but was indirectly related via significant, positive effects of stand density. We also found no direct relationship between above-ground biomass accrual and bird richness, likely because of the strong effects of moisture availability on both variables. Instead, moisture availability and patch size strongly and positively influenced the richness of woodland and forest dependent birds. For understorey-nesting birds, however, shrub cover and patch size predicted richness. Stand age or area of native vegetation surrounding the patch did not influence bird richness. Our results suggest that in subtropical biomes, planting larger patches to higher densities, ideally using a diversity of trees and shrubs (characteristics of ecological plantings) in more mesic locations will enhance the provision of carbon and biodiversity co-benefits. Further, ecological plantings will aid the rapid recovery of woodland and forest bird richness, with comparable above-ground biomass accrual to less diverse forestry plantations.</p>
Data from: Spatial structure of above-ground biomass limits accuracy of carbon mapping in rainforest but large scale forest inventories can help to overcome
Precise mapping of above-ground biomass (AGB) is a major challenge for the success of REDD+ processes in tropical rainforest. The usual mapping methods are based on two hypotheses: a large and long-ranged spatial autocorrelation and a strong environment influence at the regional scale. However, there are no studies of the spatial structure of AGB at the landscapes scale to support these assumptions. We studied spatial variation in AGB at various scales using two large forest inventories conducted in French Guiana. The dataset comprised 2507 plots (0.4 to 0.5 ha) of undisturbed rainforest distributed over the whole region. After checking the uncertainties of estimates obtained from these data, we used half of the dataset to develop explicit predictive models including spatial and environmental effects and tested the accuracy of the resulting maps according to their resolution using the rest of the data. Forest inventories provided accurate AGB estimates at the plot scale, for a mean of 325 Mg.ha-1. They revealed high local variability combined with a weak autocorrelation up to distances of no more than10 km. Environmental variables accounted for a minor part of spatial variation. Accuracy of the best model including spatial effects was 90 Mg.ha-1 at plot scale but coarse graining up to 2-km resolution allowed mapping AGB with accuracy lower than 50 Mg.ha-1. Whatever the resolution, no agreement was found with available pan-tropical reference maps at all resolutions. We concluded that the combined weak autocorrelation and weak environmental effect limit AGB maps accuracy in rainforest, and that a trade-off has to be found between spatial resolution and effective accuracy until adequate "wall-to-wall" remote sensing signals provide reliable AGB predictions. Waiting for this, using large forest inventories with low sampling rate (<0.5%) may be an efficient way to increase the global coverage of AGB maps with acceptable accuracy at kilometric resolution.
Optimal forest management schemes and the corresponding forest biomass carbon sink projections in China
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How drought events during the last Century have impacted biomass carbon in Amazonian rainforests
<p>Dataset for producing figures in Yao et al, in submission to Global Change Biology</p>
Synthetic natural gas (SNG) production with higher carbon recovery from biomass: Techno-economic assessment
<p>Dataset for the paper: Synthetic natural gas (SNG) production with higher carbon recovery from biomass: Techno-economic assessment</p>
Data from: The oldest, slowest forests in the world? Exceptional biomass and slow carbon dynamics of Fitzroya cupressoides temperate rainforests in southern Chile
Old-growth temperate rainforests are, per unit area, the largest and most long-lived stores of carbon in the terrestrial biosphere, but their carbon dynamics have rarely been described. The endangered Fitzroya cupressoides forests of southern South America include stands that are probably the oldest dense forest stands in the world, with long-lived trees and high standing biomass. We assess and compare aboveground biomass, and provide the first estimates of net primary productivity (NPP), carbon allocation and mean wood residence time in medium-age stands in the Alerce Costero National Park (AC) in the Coastal Range and in old-growth forests in the Alerce Andino National Park (AA) in the Andean Cordillera. Aboveground live biomass was 113–114 Mg C ha-1 and 448–517 Mg C ha-1 in AC and AA, respectively. Aboveground productivity was 3.35–3.36 Mg C ha-1 year-1 in AC and 2.22–2.54 Mg C ha-1 year-1 in AA, values generally lower than others reported for temperate wet forests worldwide, mainly due to the low woody growth of Fitzroya. NPP was 4.21–4.24 and 3.78–4.10 Mg C ha-1 year-1 in AC and AA, respectively. Estimated mean wood residence time was a minimum of 539–640 years for the whole forest in the Andes and 1368–1393 years for only Fitzroya in this site. Our biomass estimates for the Andes place these ecosystems among the most massive forests in the world. Differences in biomass production between sites seem mostly apparent as differences in allocation rather than productivity. Residence time estimates for Fitzroya are the highest reported for any species and carbon dynamics in these forests are the slowest reported for wet forests worldwide. Although primary productivity is low in Fitzroya forests, they probably act as ongoing biomass carbon sinks on long-term timescales due to their low mortality rates and exceptionally long residence times that allow biomass to be accumulated for millennia.
Data: Spatially consistent microbial biomass and future cellular carbon release from melting Northern Hemisphere glacier surfaces
<p>Hydrology, flow cytometry and upscaling data for the manuscript "Spatially consistent microbial biomass and future cellular carbon release from melting Northern Hemisphere glacier surfaces". Each .zip file includes an individual 'readme' document.</p>
Code and model outputs for article "Assessing the potential of backscattering as a proxy for phytoplankton carbon biomass"
<p>Scripts from the scientific article "Assessing the potential of backscattering as a proxy for phytoplankton carbon biomass"<br> Submitted to Global Biogeochemical Cycles<br> Camila Serra-Pompei, Anna Hickman, Gregory L. Britten, Stephanie Dutkiewicz</p> <p>This repository contains all the files needed to run the MITgcm Biogeochemical and Optical model (MITgcmBgc, a.k.a. The Darwin model) and generate the figures in the paper.<br> Model outputs are also provided, so there is no need to run the entire model to generate the figures.</p> <p>The main folder "codes_phyto_bbp_paper.zip" contains all the files to process model output and reproduce the figures from the paper. The main files are:<br> - "Script_main.m" loads and processes model outputs and generates figures 2 to 9.<br> - "Script_new_optical_params" generates the optical parameters that are used as inputs in the MITgcmBgc model. It also generates figure 1.<br> - "Script_sensitivity_analysis" Performs offline sensitivity analysis and figure 10.</p> <p>The "mitgcm_darwin_3.zip" folder contain the code of the MITgcm with the Biogeochemical and Optical modules (Darwin package), with the configurations used in this study. Explanations of the model can be found in https://darwin3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/phys_pkgs/darwin.html </p> <p>These folders also contain the BGC-Argo floats data and climatological bbp and Chl NASA MODIS-Aqua GIOP data used in this study.</p> <p>The BGC-Argo data used in this article (download date: 27/10/2021) is available in "Other_extra_files/Argo_matrix.mat". The BGC-Argo data were collected and made freely available by the International Argo Program and the national programs that contribute to it (https://argo.ucsd.edu, https://www.ocean-ops.org, https://doi.org/10.17882/42182). The Argo Program is part of the Global Ocean Observing System. BGC-Argo float data was extracted using the BGC-Argo-Mat Matlab toolbox (Frenzel et al. 2021).</p> <p>The MODIS-Aqua satellite remote sensing data used in this article (download date: 23/12/2022) is available here in the folder "nasa_data". Satellite remote sensing data was extracted from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ocean Ecology Laboratory, Ocean Biology Processing Group; (2014): MODIS-Aqua Ocean Color Data; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ocean Ecology Laboratory, Ocean Biology Processing Group. http://dx.doi.org/10.5067/AQUA/MODIS_OC.2014.0</p> <p> </p>
Codes for "Co-firing biomass and coal with retrofitted carbon capture and storage ease China to achieve carbon neutrality and net negative carbon in power sector"
<p>Codes for “Co-firing biomass and coal with retrofitted carbon capture and storage ease China to achieve carbon neutrality and net negative carbon in power sector”</p>
Evolution of light absorption enhancement of black carbon aerosols from biomass burning in atmospheric photooxidation aging
<p>The Dataset of the evolution of light absorption enhancement of black carbon aerosols from biomass burning in atmospheric photooxidation aging.</p>
Data of soil and tree biomass carbon stocks in the afforestation of Mariblanca
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Data from: The oldest, slowest forests in the world? Exceptional biomass and slow carbon dynamics of Fitzroya cupressoides temperate rainforests in southern Chile
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Spatial structure of above-ground biomass limits accuracy of carbon mapping in rainforest but large scale forest inventories can help to overcome
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Water availability drives above-ground biomass and bird richness in forest restoration plantings to achieve carbon and biodiversity co-benefits
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Enhanced Activated Carbon with H2SO4-activation of African Maize Cobs biomass for Supercapacitor electrodes material application
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Data from: Picoplankton carbon biomass assessments and distribution of Prochlorococcus ecotypes linked to Loop Current Eddies during summer in the southern Gulf of Mexico
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Global biogeography of fungal and bacterial biomass carbon in topsoil
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Energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions data of activated carbon production using different biomass
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Assembled file of spring annual averages of measures of total mesozooplankton organic biomass as carbon, in the California Current System, 1951 - 2008.
Reference for zooplankton organic carbon is Lavaniegos and Ohman (2007). More than 400 zooplankton types counted.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.