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Figure 1 from: Szczepańska K, Guzow-Krzemińska B, Urbaniak J (2021) Infraspecific variation of some brown Parmeliae (in Poland) – a comparison of ITS rDNA and non-molecular characters. MycoKeys 85: 127-160. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.85.70552
Figure 1 Phylogenetic relationships of Melanelia spp., based on Bayesian analysis of the ITS rDNA dataset. Posterior probabilities and Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values are shown near the internal branches. Newly-generated sequences are additionally described with isolate numbers following the species names and are marked in bold. GenBank accession numbers of sequences downloaded from GenBank are listed on the tree with species names.
FIGURE 5 in Continuous character variation within the Glossopleura-Anoria-Sonoraspis plexus: Dolichometopid trilobites from the Cadiz Formation (Cambrian: Miaolingian, Wuliuan), California
FIGURE 5. Distributions of EL/GL ratios for Glossopleura and Anoria specimens measured for this study. Individual generic and total-sample distributions are normal by Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests.
FIGURE 7 in Continuous character variation within the Glossopleura-Anoria-Sonoraspis plexus: Dolichometopid trilobites from the Cadiz Formation (Cambrian: Miaolingian, Wuliuan), California
FIGURE 7. Principal components analysis of dolichometopid cranial measurements at genus level. Glossopleura = blue polygons. Sonoraspis = red polygons. Anoria = black polygons. A) PC1 vs PC2. B) PC1 vs PC3. C) PC2 vs PC3. Genera coded by color as noted above. Species denoted by symbols as listed alphabetically here: Glossopleura boccar (open blue squares), G. campbelli (open blue diamonds), G. lodensis (blue stars), G. mckeei (solid blue dots), G. mohavensis (blue dashes), G. producta (open blue triangles), G. similaris (vertical blue bars), G. stephenensis (open blue ovals), G. utahensis (inverted open blue triangles), G. walcotti (filled blue triangles), G. yatesi (filled inverted triangles); Sonoraspis californica (filled red circles), S. gomezi (filled red squares); Anoria baton (black X), A. bessus (open black circles), A. tontoensis (filled black squares).
FIGURE 3 in Ontogenetic And Sexual Variation In Cranial Characters Of Aegialomys Xanthaeolus (Thomas, 1894) (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) From Ecuador And Peru
FIGURE 3: Clusters tested in this study.
FIGURE 2 in Ontogenetic And Sexual Variation In Cranial Characters Of Aegialomys Xanthaeolus (Thomas, 1894) (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) From Ecuador And Peru
FIGURE 2: Detail of map showing known collection localities for Aegialomys xanthaeolus.
Table 1. Morphological diagnostic characters delimiting H in Morphological and environmental variation within Hibiscus krichauffianus (Malvaceae), and the recognition of two new species, H. verecundus and H. calcareus
<p>Table 1. Morphological diagnostic characters delimiting <i>H. krichauffianus</i> sens. strict., and the three new entities.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Character</th><th>Morphotype A – <i>Hibiscus krichauffianus</i></th><th>Morphotype B – <i>Hibiscus verecundus</i></th><th>Morphotype C – <i>Hibiscus calcareus</i></th><th>Morphotype D – <i>Hibiscus</i> sp. Belele (D.W.Goodall 3417)</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Substrate preference</th><td>Deep sand</td><td>Typically shallow soils over sandstone, laterite or basalt</td><td>Lime-rich soils</td><td>Insufficient data</td></tr><tr><th>Plant habit</th><td>Subshrub or shrub to ~1 m high, usually erect or ascending</td><td>Low spreading subshrub or shrub to ~0.5 m high, usually decumbent</td><td>Low subshrub to ~0.5 m high, spreading, dome-shaped or rounded</td><td>Low or dwarf subshrub or shrub to ~0.3 m high</td></tr><tr><th>Branchlet indumentum colour</th><td>Silvery-white, white, sometimes fading to yellowish-white</td><td>Yellowish-brown, sometimes fading to white</td><td>White, or silvery-white</td><td>White on younger branchlets, older branchlets becoming ferruginous (ferruginous rays and white rays sometimes on the same hair)</td></tr><tr><th>Stipule width (mm)</th><td>0.16–0.4</td><td>0.1–0.17</td><td>0.2–0.5</td><td>0.2–0.35</td></tr><tr><th>Leaf lamina colour (adaxial)</th><td>Whitish-silver to grey, becoming greyish-green with age</td><td>Green to dark green</td><td>Grey to silvery-white</td><td>Silvery–ferruginous</td></tr><tr><th>Leaf lamina shape</th><td>Mostly ovate to lanceolate or oblong, occasionally broadly ovate</td><td>Ovate to broadly ovate, rarely elliptic–ovate</td><td>Ovate, elliptic–ovate or oblong–ovate</td><td>Ovate to elliptic–ovate</td></tr><tr><th>Leaf lamina in transverse</th><td>Flat to weakly concave or weakly folded</td><td>Flat to weakly concave or weakly folded</td><td>Mostly strongly concave to vshaped (and appearing folded on many herbarium specimens)</td><td>Flat to weakly folded</td></tr><tr><th>Leaf lamina length and width (mm)</th><td>10–55 × 5–35</td><td>9–52 × 8–33</td><td>6–28 × 4–16</td><td>17–43 × 6–22</td></tr><tr><th>Leaf lamina base</th><td>Obtuse, truncate or very broadly cuneate</td><td>Broadly cuneate, obtuse or truncate</td><td>Broadly cuneate or truncate</td><td>Truncate, very slightly cordate or broadly obtuse</td></tr><tr><th>Leaf lamina margin</th><td>Crenate to dentate</td><td>Serrate to dentate, rarely crenate</td><td>Serrate to dentate or crenate, undulate, sinus between teeth up to halfway to midvein</td><td>Dentate to crenate</td></tr><tr><th>Abcision line (at peduncle–pedicel junction), whether visible and position</th><td>Not obvious, obscured by hairs, usually 1–2 mm from the base, rarely up to one-half length from the base</td><td>Sometimes obvious, one-third to one-half length from the base</td><td>±Obvious, sometimes obscured by hairs, usually in upper half, 2–17 (–24) mm from the base</td><td>±Obvious, sometimes obscured by hairs, approximately one-third length from the base</td></tr><tr><th>Number of epicalyx lobes</th><td>5–8 (rarely 10, rarely bifurcating)</td><td>5–7</td><td>7–8</td><td>5–6</td></tr><tr><th>Epicalyx length (Including fused portion, excluding receptacle) (mm)</th><td>7–16</td><td>6–10</td><td>4–14</td><td>6–12</td></tr><tr><th>Fusion of epicalyx lobes at base</th><td>Fused for 1–4 mm</td><td>Free or fused to 0.5 mm</td><td>Fused for 1–3.5 mm</td><td>Free or fused for up to 1 mm</td></tr><tr><th>Epicalyx lobes degree of curvature</th><td>Straight in flower, becoming recurved or rarely incurved in fruit</td><td>Straight</td><td>Straight in flower, becoming recurved in fruit</td><td>Straight in flower, becoming recurved in fruit</td></tr><tr><th>Corolla colour</th><td>Pale pink or mauve (rarely white)</td><td>Pale pink or white (sometimes drying pale yellow)</td><td>Pale pink to mauve, sometimes almost white</td><td>Purple</td></tr><tr><th>Petal length (mm)</th><td>17–35</td><td>15–28</td><td>20–44</td><td>39–42</td></tr><tr><th>Seed indumentum</th><td>Patchy indumentum of wispy spreading, white to off-white hairs</td><td>Short patchy indumentum of appressed white to yellowish-brown hairs</td><td>Short patchy indumentum of appressed white hairs</td><td>Short patchy indumentum of appressed white to yellowish hairs</td></tr><tr><th>Seed length (mm, greatest dimension)</th><td>2–3</td><td>1.7–2.3</td><td>2.5–3</td><td>~3</td></tr><tr><th>Seed characteristic features or notes</th><td>Reniform (rarely subangular–reniform), funicular remnants brown, membranous and wing-like, on either side of the hilum</td><td>Two straighter sides almost forming a right angle at intersection, funicular remnants brown, membranous and wing-like, one centrally placed and one on either side of the hilum</td><td>Two straighter sides almost forming a right angle at intersection, funicular remnants brown, membranous and wing-like, on either side of the hilum</td><td>Two straighter sides almost forming a right angle at intersection, funicular remnants brown, membranous and wing-like, on either side of the hilum</td></tr><tr><th>Flower cleistogamy</th><td>Observed in some specimens</td><td>No evidence</td><td>Observed in a single specimen</td><td>Not observed in material examined</td></tr></tbody></table>
Figure 4 from: Faulwetter S, Chatzigeorgiou G, Galil B, Nicolaidou A, Arvanitidis C (2011) Sphaerosyllis levantina sp. n. (Annelida) from the eastern Mediterranean, with notes on character variation in Sphaerosyllis hystrix Claparède, 1863. ZooKeys 150: 327-345. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.1877
Figure 4 - Sphaerosyllis levantina sp. n. a dorsal b ventral simple chaeta c aciculae, anterior chaetiger
Figure 3 from: Faulwetter S, Chatzigeorgiou G, Galil B, Nicolaidou A, Arvanitidis C (2011) Sphaerosyllis levantina sp. n. (Annelida) from the eastern Mediterranean, with notes on character variation in Sphaerosyllis hystrix Claparède, 1863. ZooKeys 150: 327-345. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.1877
Figure 3 - Sphaerosyllis levantina sp. n. Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) falciger of a anterior b midbody c posterior chaetiger
Figure 6 from: Faulwetter S, Chatzigeorgiou G, Galil B, Nicolaidou A, Arvanitidis C (2011) Sphaerosyllis levantina sp. n. (Annelida) from the eastern Mediterranean, with notes on character variation in Sphaerosyllis hystrix Claparède, 1863. ZooKeys 150: 327-345. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.1877
Figure 6 - Sphaerosyllis hystrix. Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) falciger of a anterior b midbody c posterior chaetiger
Figure 5 from: Faulwetter S, Chatzigeorgiou G, Galil B, Nicolaidou A, Arvanitidis C (2011) Sphaerosyllis levantina sp. n. (Annelida) from the eastern Mediterranean, with notes on character variation in Sphaerosyllis hystrix Claparède, 1863. ZooKeys 150: 327-345. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.1877
Figure 5 - Sphaerosyllis boeroi. Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) falciger of a anterior b midbody c posterior chaetiger
Figure 2 from: Faulwetter S, Chatzigeorgiou G, Galil B, Nicolaidou A, Arvanitidis C (2011) Sphaerosyllis levantina sp. n. (Annelida) from the eastern Mediterranean, with notes on character variation in Sphaerosyllis hystrix Claparède, 1863. ZooKeys 150: 327-345. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.1877
Figure 2 - Sphaerosyllis levantina sp. n. SEM images of a anterior end and midbody, dorsal view b–c compound chaetae, anterior chaetigers d dorsalmost compound chaetae, anterior chaetiger e compound and dorsal simple chaetae, midbody f dorsalmost compound chaeta, posterior chaetiger g ventralmost compound chaetae, posterior chaetiger h dorsal simple chaeta
Data from: Among-character rate variation distributions in phylogenetic analysis of discrete morphological characters
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Data from: A comment on the use of stochastic character maps to estimate evolutionary rate variation in a continuously valued trait
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Figure 7 from: Faulwetter S, Chatzigeorgiou G, Galil B, Nicolaidou A, Arvanitidis C (2011) Sphaerosyllis levantina sp. n. (Annelida) from the eastern Mediterranean, with notes on character variation in Sphaerosyllis hystrix Claparède, 1863. ZooKeys 150: 327-345. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.1877
Figure 7 - PCA plot.
Figure 1 from: Faulwetter S, Chatzigeorgiou G, Galil B, Nicolaidou A, Arvanitidis C (2011) Sphaerosyllis levantina sp. n. (Annelida) from the eastern Mediterranean, with notes on character variation in Sphaerosyllis hystrix Claparède, 1863. ZooKeys 150: 327-345. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.1877
Figure 1 - Sphaerosyllis levantina sp. n. holotype, dorsal view
Figure 8 from: Faulwetter S, Chatzigeorgiou G, Galil B, Nicolaidou A, Arvanitidis C (2011) Sphaerosyllis levantina sp. n. (Annelida) from the eastern Mediterranean, with notes on character variation in Sphaerosyllis hystrix Claparède, 1863. ZooKeys 150: 327-345. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.1877
Figure 8 - MDS plot.
FIGURE. Individuals in four Populations of Sanicula orthacantha, showing the variation in plant size and rhizome character (each line represents a population). A. China, Hubei, Xuan'en, Qizimei Mountain, H.M. Li, Y.M. Yi & Y.S. Zhang 1077 (NAS). B. China, Jiangxi, Jiujiang, Lushan, H.M. Li, Y.S. Zhang & Y. Xu 1109 (NAS). C. China, Chongqing, Nanchuan, Jinfo Shan, H.M. Li, Y.S. Zhang & X. Zhang 1141 (NAS). D. China, Sichuan, Emei Shan, H.M. Li & Y.S. Zhang 1157 (NAS). All same scale. in Taxonomic studies on the genus Sanicula (Apiaceae) from China ( ): The clarification of some morphological distinction between S. orthacantha var. orthacantha and S. orthacantha var. brevispina, with the reduction of S. petagnioides to the synonymy of the former, and S. orthacantha var. stolonifera to
FIGURE. Individuals in four Populations of Sanicula orthacantha, showing the variation in plant size and rhizome character (each line represents a population). A. China, Hubei, Xuan'en, Qizimei Mountain, H.M. Li, Y.M. Yi & Y.S. Zhang 1077 (NAS). B. China, Jiangxi, Jiujiang, Lushan, H.M. Li, Y.S. Zhang & Y. Xu 1109 (NAS). C. China, Chongqing, Nanchuan, Jinfo Shan, H.M. Li, Y.S. Zhang & X. Zhang 1141 (NAS). D. China, Sichuan, Emei Shan, H.M. Li & Y.S. Zhang 1157 (NAS). All same scale.
FIGURES 1–11. Dendrothrips. Head and pronotum 1–5 in Character state variation within Dendrothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) with a revision of the species from China
FIGURES 1–11. Dendrothrips. Head and pronotum 1–5: (1) latimaculatus; (2) diaspora; (3) ornatus; (4) minowai; (5) homalii. Head and thorax of magnoliae 6–7: (6) female; (7) male. (8) Head of octosparsus sp. n. Pronotum 9–11: (9) jeanneli; (10) octosparsus sp. n.; (11) stannardi.
FIGURE 4 in What about intraspecific variation? Reassessment of taxonomic and phylogenetic characters in the genus Synoeca de Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae)
FIGURE 4. Variation of the ratio between T1 posterior and anterior part width for the Synoeca species. Filled circles indicate the mean, whiskers represent the range.
FIG. 6 in Description of a new species of Armandia (Polychaeta: Opheliidae) from western Kyushu, Japan, with character variations
FIG. 6. Armandia amakusaensis sp. nov. (A) Frequency distribution of ®rst setigers with a lateral eye; (B) frequency distribution of last setigers with a lateral eye; (C) frequency distribution of number of lateral eyes per side. In the above, the total number of samples is 626 as eyes were counted on both sides of each specimen. The number of asterisks above each of the lower-frequency columns shows the actual value.
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