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274 results for “climate change responses”
Plant functional traits predict heterogeneous distributional shifts in response to climate change
<p>Climate change is causing the rapid redistribution of vegetation as plant species move to track their climatic optima. Despite a global trend of upward movement in latitude and elevation, there is extensive heterogeneity among species and locations, with few emerging generalizations. Greater generalization may be achieved by considering multidimensional changes in species' distributions as well as incorporating ecologically relevant functional traits into studies of range shifts.</p> <p>To better understand how recent changes in climate are influencing the elevational distribution of plant species and how species' functional traits mediate distributional changes, we resampled a 2,438-meter elevation transect spanning a distance of 16 kilometers which encompasses desert scrub, pinyon-juniper woodland, chaparral, and coniferous forest plant communities.</p> <p>Over the last 42 years, total perennial cover and species' average cover increased at lower elevations and decreased at higher elevations while the average elevational leading-edge increased 116 m and the elevational rear edge decreased 84 m. Notably, these changes were mediated by species' functional traits, where species exhibiting more conservative traits (lower SLA, greater δ13C, larger seed mass) and taller height shifted upward in their leading-edge range limit, average elevation, and trailing edge range limit, while declining in abundance at the median and trailing edge of their range. Species possessing more acquisitive traits (higher SLA, lower δ13C, smaller seed mass) and shorter height shifted downward and increased in abundance at their trailing edge, with increases in their total range size.</p> <p>Our results provide clear evidence that heterogeneous range dynamics under recent climate change can be generalized by considering ecologically relevant plant functional traits, and how they respond to localized climate exposure. Further, by documenting changes across a steep ecological gradient comprising a large aridity gradient, we show divergent patterns for plants occupying contrasting positions along the global spectrum of plant form and function, which provides critical insight into how trait-mediated changes under increasing aridity will impact ecosystem functioning.</p>
Distinct responses and range shifts of lizards populations across an elevational gradient under climate change
<p><span>Ongoing climate change has profoundly affected global biodiversity, but its impacts on populations across elevations remain understudied. </span><span>Using a mechanistic niche model incorporating species traits, we predicted ecophysiological responses (activity times, oxygen consumption and evaporative water loss) for lizard populations at high-elevation (< 3600 m asl) and extra-high-elevation (> 3600 m asl) under recent (1970–2000) and future (2081–2100) climates. Compared with their high-elevation counterparts, lizards from extra-high-elevations are predicted to experience a greater increase in activity time and oxygen consumption but a similar increase in evaporative water loss. By integrating these ecophysiological traits into a hybrid species distribution model (HSDM), we were able to make the following predictions under two warming scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP5-8.5). By 2081–2100, we predict that lizards at both high- and extra-high-elevations will shift upslope; lizards at extra-high-elevations will gain more and lose less habitat than will their high-elevation congeners. We therefore advocate the conservation of high-elevation species in the context of climate change, especially for those populations living close to their lower elevational range limits. In addition, b</span><span>y comparing the results from </span><span>HSDM and traditional species distribution models, we highlight the importance of </span><span>considering intraspecific variation and local adaptation in physiological traits along elevational gradients when forecasting species' future distributions under climate change</span><span>. </span></p>
Data from: Long-term grazing intensity by reindeer alters the response of the soil micro-food web to simulated climate change in subarctic tundra
<p><span>Top-down control by nematodes over soil microorganisms – considered stronger over bacteria than fungi - may dampen microbial responses to global changes in tundra. To test whether large grazers alter the responses of belowground trophic networks to global changes, we employed factorial warming and nitrogen fertilization treatments in adjacent sites with different reindeer grazing intensities for the past 50 years. Lightly grazed tundra is dominated by dwarf shrubs and a more fungal-based microbial community, while in heavily grazed tundra, high reindeer densities during autumn migration have induced shift into graminoids and more bacterial-based microbial community. We analysed the soil micro-food web, <em>i.e.</em>, the nematode density, trophic structure, and species composition as well as fungal, bacterial and total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) after four growing seasons of warming and fertilization both before and during reindeer migration. We predicted that bacterivore densities are higher and fungivore densities lower under heavy than light grazing (<em>i.e.</em>, nematode populations before migration reflect grazing effects via the base of food web), whereas reindeer migration induces negative impact on nematode densities under heavy grazing (<em>i.e</em>., disturbance by trampling is the driving factor). We further predicted that nematodes negate treatment effects on microbial biomass to a stronger extent in the bacterial-based heavily grazed than the fungal-based lightly grazed tundra. Fungivore densities were higher under light than heavy grazing, but nematodes did not respond to trampling. Warming increased fungivores and the fungal PLFAs irrespective of grazing and timing, but under heavy grazing, increased bacterivores while the bacterial PLFAs remained steady. Fertilization increased carnivores and influenced nematode species composition, diversity and maturity interactively with warming. Our data suggest that large grazers affect tundra soil nematodes via bottom-up effects through microbial community composition and biomass, which in turn may alter the strength of their top-down control soil bacteria under climate warming. </span></p>
Long-term ecological responses of a lowland dipterocarp forest to climate changes and nutrient availability at Bulusan Lake
<p>This data publication encompasses the datasets generated in a study focusing on reconstructing ecological responses to climatic and nutrient availability changes during the late Holocene in northern Philippines. The data comes from samples taken from sediment cores retrieved from Bulusan Lake, located on Luzon Island, Philippines, in March 2013. In these samples, we analyzed fossil pollen and spores (a proxy for plant taxa abundance), charcoal (a proxy for fire activity), stable carbon isotopic composition of terrestrial-lipid biomarkers (a proxy for vegetation cover), stable nitrogen and phosphate isotope composition of bulk sediments, and elemental composition of sediment cores at a high resolution (proxies for nutrient availability and volcanic activity). The dataset also includes links to records generated in a previous study on the same sediments (Prohaska <em>et al.</em> 2023), where we measured the stable hydrogen isotopic composition of terrestrial-lipid biomarkers to reconstruct past hydrological conditions, as well as the magnetic susceptibility record and AMS dates of plant macrofossils to calculate sediment accumulation ages. The data generation spanned the period from April 2013 to September 2020, and the data files are provided in Excel spreadsheet format.</p>
Supplementary material for "Filter-feeding gelatinous macrozooplankton response to climate change and implications for benthic food supply and global carbon cycle"
<p>Simulation Outputs Description<br> ---------------------------</p> <p>This text file outlines the contents of the simulation outputs utilized in the analysis presented in Clerc et al. (2023). Pre-treated outputs are not provided for storage reasons, but the complete output can be made available upon request. Spatial files are regridded to a 1-degree resolution regular grid using the treatment: cdo remapdis,r360x180 in.nc out.nc.</p> <p>Folder Names:<br> --------------</p> <p>Here is a brief overview of the content within each folder.</p> <p>- TS_PICONTROL: Globally averaged time series for the PI-control runs spanning 1850-2100. (Units: PgC, or PgC/yr for "fluxes" filenames.)</p> <p>- TS_RCP85: Globally averaged time series for the RCP8.5 runs spanning 1850-2100. (Units: PgC, or PgC/yr for "fluxes" filenames.)</p> <p>- TS_RCP26: Globally averaged time series for the RCP2.6 runs spanning 1850-2100. (Units: PgC, or PgC/yr for "fluxes" filenames.)</p> <p>- EXPORT_LAYERS_PICONTROL: Time-averaged Pi-control flux outputs at specified depth horizons over the indicated period. (Regular 360x180 grid; Units: gC/m2/yr.)</p> <p>- EXPORT_LAYERS_RCP85: Time-averaged RCP8.5 flux outputs at specified depth horizons over the indicated period. (Regular 360x180 grid; Units: gC/m2/yr.)</p> <p>- EXPORT_LAYERS_RCP26: Time-averaged RCP2.6 flux outputs at specified depth horizons over the indicated period. (Regular 360x180 grid; Units: gC/m2/yr.)</p> <p>- SURFACE_LAYERS_RCP85: Vertically integrated (0-300m) time-averaged RCP8.5 outputs over the specified period. (Regular 360x180 grid; Units: mmolC/m3.)</p> <p>- SURFACE_LAYERS_RCP26: Vertically integrated (0-300m) time-averaged RCP2.6 outputs over the specified period. (Regular 360x180 grid; Units: mmolC/m3.)</p> <p>- SURFACE_LAYERS_PICONTROL: Vertically integrated (0-300m) time-averaged PiControl outputs over the specified period. (Regular 360x180 grid; Units: mmolC/m3.)</p> <p>- CHLOROPHYLL: Surface chlorophyll on a 360x180 degree grid, time-averaged over the indicated period. (Units: mg Chl/m3.)</p> <p>- TS_BIOME: Biome-specific averaged time series spanning 1850-2100. (Units: PgC, or PgC/yr for "fluxes" filenames.)</p> <p>- TS_CFLX: Globally averaged carbon uptake time series spanning 1850-2100. (Units: PgC/yr.)</p> <p>- BIOMES: Biome masks on a regular 360x180 grid.</p> <p>Filename Conventions:<br> -----------------------</p> <p>Please refer to the following conventions for filenames.</p> <p>MODEL:<br> - PISCES-FFGM: SLP<br> - PISCES-v2: STD<br> - PISCES-GM: MAC</p> <p>FORCING:<br> - Pi-control: PI<br> - Climate-change scenario: AD</p> <p>PERIOD:<br> - 1881-1900: PRI<br> - 1995-2014: HIS<br> - 2081-2100: FUT</p> <p>DEPTH:<br> - 0-300 m: dmin0_dmax300<br> - 100 m: ilevel9<br> - 1000 m: ilevel21<br> - Seafloor: seafloor</p> <p>BIOMES:<br> - High Chlorophyll: HC<br> - Intermediate Chlorophyll: IC<br> - Low Chlorophyll: LC<br> - Southern Ocean: SO<br> - Arctic Ocean: LCA</p> <p>NetCDF Variables:<br> ------------------</p> <p>- SALP: Filter-feeding gelatinous Macrozooplankton (FFGM)<br> - ZOO3: Generic Macrozooplankton (GM)<br> - ZOO2: Mesozooplankton<br> - ZOO: Microzooplankton<br> - PHY: Nanophytoplankton<br> - PHY2: Diatoms<br> - POC: Small particles (quantity or flux)<br> - GOC: Large particles (quantity or flux)<br> - SPCC: FFGM carcasses carbon (content or flux)<br> - SPFC: FFGM fecal pellets carbon (content or flux)<br> - MPCC: GM carcasses carbon (content or flux)<br> - MPFC: GM fecal pellets carbon (content or flux)<br> - CHL: Chlorophyll<br> - Cflx: Carbon uptake<br> - NO3: Nitrate<br> - PO4: Phosphate<br> - O2: Oxygen</p> <p>For any inquiries or data access requests, please contact corentin.clerc -at- usys.ethz.ch.</p>
Data, simulations/projections, and supporting materials for simulated hydrologic responses to climate-change projections for the Lake Tahoe basin: subbasin-scale results
<p>This dataset contains data, simulations, projections, and supporting materials associated with simulated hydrologic responses, at the scale of 60 subbasins comprising the Lake Tahoe Basin, California and Nevada, to a 16-member ensemble of statistically-downscaled projections of climate change, 1950-2099. The process and results are described in detail in</p> <div>Dettinger, M., & Rajagopal, S., 2023, Simulated hydrologic responses to climate-change </div> <div>projections for the Lake Tahoe Basin: Desert Research Institute Publication 41292, 99 p.,</div> <div> </div> <div>which is included here. </div> <div> </div> <div>The dataset as presented here contains 6 files, including one large zipped file that itself contains some 1,975 files, mostly simple text files of data, simulation outputs, and analytical results organized into dozens and dozens of subdirectories to allow specific elements to be identified and isolated. Beyond this large collection, the zipped file also contains copies of the report(s), selected supporting documents, graphical files, codes, and copious #readme.txt files to orient the user. </div>
Data from: Navigating Polycrisis: long-run socio-cultural factors shape response to changing climate
<p>These data are part of a data portal that accompanies the special issue 'Climate change adaptation needs a science of culture,' published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B in 2023. To access the data portal, please visit <a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.bnzs7h4h4"><strong>10.5061/dryad.bnzs7h4h4</strong></a>. We have systematically collected information about the nature and consequences of societal crisis in over 150 cases covering different regions in the world in the preindustrial period. In this contribution, we discuss some critical insights arising from initial analysis of this material, which has informed the basis of our work.</p>
Data from: Evolved phenological cueing strategies show variable responses to climate change
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Data from: Rapid microgeographic evolution in response to climate change
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Holobiont traits shape climate change responses in cryptic coral lineages
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Data from: Dietary responses of Sahul (Pleistocene Australia–New Guinea) megafauna to climate and environmental change
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Distinct responses and range shifts of lizards populations across an elevational gradient under climate change
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Site-specific biogeochemical response to livestock grazing and climate change differs across four continents
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Plant secondary metabolic responses to global climate change: A meta-analysis in medicinal and aromatic plants
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Long-term ecological responses of a lowland dipterocarp forest to climate changes and nutrient availability at Bulusan Lake
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Data, simulations/projections, and supporting materials for simulated hydrologic responses to climate-change projections for the Lake Tahoe basin: subbasin-scale results
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Plant functional traits predict heterogeneous distributional shifts in response to climate change
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Data from: Vegetation growth responses to climate change: A cross-scale analysis of biological memory and time-lags using tree ring and satellite data
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Data from: Repeatable patterns of small-scale spatial variation in intertidal mussel beds and their implications for responses to climate change
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Phenological responses to climate warming in temperate moths and butterflies: species traits predict future changes in voltinism
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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