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112 results for “colour polymorphism”
Data from: A molecular phylogeny of forktail damselflies (genus Ischnura) reveals a dynamic macroevolutionary history of female colour polymorphisms
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Multispecies colour polymorphisms associated with contrasting microhabitats in two Mediterranean wrasse radiations
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Colour moult phenology and camouflage mismatch in polymorphic populations of Arctic foxes
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Telomere length in relation to colour polymorphism across life stages in the tawny owl
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Data from: Local adaptation and divergence in colour signal conspicuousness between monomorphic and polymorphic lineages in a lizard
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Sexual conflict does not maintain female colour polymorphism in a territorial damselfly
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Data from: Space use and genetic structure do not maintain colour polymorphism in a species with alternative behavioural strategies
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Data from: Sex-specific shifts in morphology and colour pattern polymorphism during range expansion of an invasive lizard
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Data from: Background matching ability and the maintenance of a colour polymorphism in the red devil cichlid
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Data from: An aposematic colour-polymorphic moth seen through the eyes of conspecifics and predators - sensitivity and colour discrimination in a tiger moth
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Data from: The evolution of colour polymorphism in British winter‐active Lepidoptera in response to search image use by avian predators
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Data from: Molecular population genetics of the melanic plumage polymorphism in arctic skuas (Stercorarius parasiticus): evidence for divergent selection on plumage colour
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Data from: Genetic colour polymorphism is associated with avian malarial infections
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Data from: Fluorescent protein-mediated colour polymorphism in reef corals: multi-copy genes extend the adaptation/acclimatization potential to variable light environments
The genomic framework that enables corals to adjust to unfavourable conditions is crucial for coral reef survival in a rapidly changing climate. We have explored the striking intraspecific variability in the expression of coral pigments from the green fluorescent protein (GFP) family to elucidate the genomic basis for the plasticity of stress responses among reef corals. We show that multi-copy genes can greatly increase the dynamic range over which corals can modulate transcript levels in response to the light environment. Using the red fluorescent protein amilFP597 in the coral Acropora millepora as a model, we demonstrate that its expression increases with light intensity, but both the minimal and maximal gene transcript levels vary markedly among colour morphs. The pigment concentration in the tissue of different morphs is strongly correlated with the number of gene copies with a particular promoter type. These findings indicate that colour polymorphism in reef corals can be caused by the environmentally regulated expression of multi-copy genes. High-level expression of amilFP597 is correlated with reduced photodamage of zooxanthellae under acute light stress, supporting a photoprotective function of this pigment. The cluster of light-regulated pigment genes can enable corals to invest either in expensive high-level pigmentation, offering benefits under light stress, or to rely on low tissue pigment concentrations and use the conserved resources for other purposes, which is preferable in less light-exposed environments. The genomic framework described here allows corals to pursue different strategies to succeed in habitats with highly variable light stress levels. In summary, our results suggest that the intraspecific plasticity of reef corals' stress responses is larger than previously thought.
Data from: A non-coding region near Follistatin controls head colour polymorphism in the Gouldian finch
Discrete color morphs coexisting within a single population are common in nature. In a broad range of organisms, sympatric color morphs often display major differences in other traits, including morphology, physiology, or behavior. Despite the repeated occurrence of this phenomenon, our understanding of the genetics that underlie multi-trait differences and the factors that promote the long-term maintenance of phenotypic variability within a freely interbreeding population are incomplete. Here, we investigated the genetic basis of red and black head color in the Gouldian finch (Erythrura gouldiae), a classic polymorphic system in which naturally occurring color morphs also display differences in aggressivity and reproductive success. We show that the candidate locus is a small (~70 Kb) non-coding region mapping to the Z-chromosome near the Follistatin (FST) gene. Unlike recent findings in other systems where phenotypic morphs are explained by large inversions containing hundreds of genes (so-called 'supergenes'), we did not identify any structural rearrangements between the two haplotypes using linked-read sequencing technology. Nucleotide divergence between the red and black alleles was high when compared to the remainder of the Z-chromosome, consistent with their maintenance as balanced polymorphisms over several million years. Our results illustrate how pleiotropic phenotypes can arise from simple genetic variation, likely regulatory in nature.
Substantial genetic divergence and lack of recent gene flow support cryptic speciation in a colour polymorphic bumble bee (Bombus bifarius) species complex
<p>Phenotypic polymorphism can constitute an inherent challenge for species delimitation. This issue is exemplified in bumble bees (<i>Bombus</i>), where species can exhibit high colour variation across their range, but otherwise exhibit little morphological variation to distinguish them from close relatives. We examine the species status of one of the most abundant North American bumble bees, <i>Bombus bifarius</i> Cresson, which historically was comprised of two major taxa, <i>bifarius</i> <i>s.s.</i> (<i>sensu stricto</i>) and <i>nearcticus</i>. These sublineages are recognized primarily by red and black variation in their mid-abdominal coloration, however, a continuum from black (<i>nearcticus</i>) to red (<i>bifarius s.s.</i>) variation has led to their historic synonymisation. Integrating mitochondrial and nuclear data and whole-genome sequencing, we reveal a high level of both mitochondrial and nuclear divergence delimiting two morphologically cryptic species – the red <i>bifarius s.s.</i> and the color variable (black to red) <i>nearcticus</i>. Population genomic analysis supports an absence of recent genomic admixture and a strong population structure between the two clades even in sympatry. Species distribution models predict partially differentiated niches between the genetically-inferred clades with annual precipitation being a leading differentiating variable. The<i> bifarius</i> <i>s.s. </i>lineage also occupies significantly higher elevations, with regions of sympatry being among the highest elevations in <i>nearcticus</i>. Our data also support a subspecies-level divergence between the broadly distributed <i>nearcticus</i> and the island population <i>vancouverensis</i>. In this paper, we formally recognize the two species, <i>Bombus</i> <i>bifarius</i> Cresson and <i>Bombus</i> <i>vancouverensis </i>Cresson, the latter including the subspecies <i>B. vancouverensis vancouverensis</i> <b>comb. n.</b> and <i>B. vancouverensis nearcticus</i> <b>comb. n</b>., with <i>vancouverensis </i>the name bearer due to year priority.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: The genetic basis of discrete and quantitative colour variation in the polymorphic lizard, Ctenophorus decresii
Background: Colour polymorphic species provide invaluable insight into processes that generate and maintain intra-specific variation. Despite an increasing understanding of the genetic basis of discrete morphs, sources of colour variation within morphs remain poorly understood. Here we use the polymorphic tawny dragon lizard Ctenophorus decresii to test simple Mendelian models for the inheritance of discrete morphs, and to investigate the genetic basis of continuous variation among individuals across morphs. Males of this species express either orange, yellow, orange surrounded by yellow, or grey throats. Although four discrete morphs are recognised, the extent of orange and yellow varies greatly. We artificially elevated testosterone in F0 females and F1 juveniles to induce them to express the male throat colour polymorphism, and quantified colour variation across the pedigree. Results: Inheritance of discrete morphs in C. decresii best fit a model whereby two autosomal loci with complete dominance respectively determine the presence of orange and yellow. However, a single locus model with three co-dominant alleles for orange, yellow and grey could not be definitively rejected. Additionally, quantitative expression of the proportion of orange and yellow on the throat was strongly heritable (orange: h2 = 0.84 ± 0.14; yellow: h2 = 0.67 ± 0.19), with some evidence for covariance between the two. Conclusions: Our study supports the theoretical prediction that polymorphism should be governed by few genes of major effect, but implies broader genetic influence on variation in constituent morph traits.
Data from: The melanocortin system regulates body pigmentation and social behaviour in a colour polymorphic cichlid fish
The melanocortin system is a neuroendocrine system that regulates a range of physiological and behavioural processes. We examined the extent to which the melanocortin system simultaneously regulates colour and behaviour in the cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni. We found that yellow males are more aggressive than blue males, in line with previous studies. We then found that exogenous α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) increases yellowness of the body and dispersal of xanthophore pigments in both morphs. However, α-MSH had a morph-specific effect on aggression, with only blue males showing an increase in the rate of aggression. Exogenous agouti signalling peptide (ASIP), a melanocortin antagonist, did not affect coloration but reduced the rate of aggression in both colour morphs. Blue males had higher cortisol levels than yellow males. Neural gene expression of melanocortin receptors (mcr) and ligands was not differentially regulated between colour morphs. In the skin, however, mc1r and pro-opiomelanocortin (pomc) β were upregulated in blue males, while asip 1 was upregulated in yellow males. The effects of α-MSH on behaviour and body coloration, combined with morph-specific regulation of the stress response and the melanocortin system, suggest that the melanocortin system contributes to the polymorphism in behaviour and coloration in A. burtoni.
Figures 1–10 in A new subspecies of Сryptocephalus ergenensis Morawitz, 1863 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Kazakhstan and significance of colour pattern polymorphism examination
Figures 1–10. Cryptocephalus (Asionus) spp., habitus. 1-4 – С. ergenensis ergenensis Morawitz: 1, 2 – female, SW Russia, Astrakhan region, env. of Baskunchak lake; 3 – male, West Kazakhstan, Atyrau region, Deukara; 4 – male, South Kazakhstan, Kyzylorda; 5 – C. lateralis Suffrian, female, NW Kazakhstan, Aktobe region, Martuk; 6-8 – С. ergenensis kalbensis ssp. n.: 6, 7 – female, paratype, East Kazakhstan, south spurs of Kalbinsky mt. range, 12 km SW Samarskoye; 8 – male, holotype, East Kazakhstan, 13 km SW Samarskoye; 9, 10 – С. apicalis Gebler, female, East Kazakhstan, west spurs of Narymsky mt. range, Kaiyndy. 2, 7 and 9 – lateral view, others – dorsal view. Scale bar – 1.0 mm.
Figure 11 in Mimetic colour pattern evolution in the highly polymorphic Bombus trifasciatus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) species complex and its comimics
Figure 11. Relative height to breadth of malar space across sublineages of Bombus trifasciatus.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.