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196 results for “cuticular”
Fig. 3 in Cuticular Hydrocarbon Profile Analyses Help Clarify the Species Identity of Dry-Mounted Cuckoo Wasps (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), Including Type Material, and Reveal Evidence for a Cryptic Species
Fig. 3. Two-dimensional non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination of Bray-Curtis dissimilarities between cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles of males and females of the cuckoo wasps Chrysis parabrevitarsis n. sp. (6 ♂♂, 25 ♀♀) and Chrysis pseudobrevitarsis (6 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀) as well as of three vespid wasps known to serve as hosts of these two cuckoo wasps, Ancistrocerus antilope (23 ♂♂, 17 ♀♀), Euodynerus notatus (13 ♂♂, 11 ♀♀), and Euodynerus quadrifasciatus (14 ♂♂, 14 ♀♀). Note that the plot includes the CHC profile data of the holotype of C. parabrevitarsis n. sp. and CHC profile data of the lectotype of C. pseudobrevitarsis.
Fig. 2 in Cuticular Hydrocarbon Profile Analyses Help Clarify the Species Identity of Dry-Mounted Cuckoo Wasps (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), Including Type Material, and Reveal Evidence for a Cryptic Species
Fig. 2. Neighbor-joining tree inferred from Kimura-2-parameter nucleotide sequence distances between COI haplotypes of Chrysis parabrevitarsis n. sp. (blue branches), Chrysis brevitarsis and Chrysis pseudobrevitarsis (yellow branches). Support values are based on 10 000 bootstrap replicates. Acronyms in capital letters after the species names specify the country of origin: Belorussia (BLR), Estonia (EST), Finland (FIN), Germany (GER), Lithuania (LIT), Norway (NOR), Russia (RUS), and Sweden (SWE). Sample IDs are given in parentheses.
Fig. 7 in Cuticular Hydrocarbon Profile Analyses Help Clarify the Species Identity of Dry-Mounted Cuckoo Wasps (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), Including Type Material, and Reveal Evidence for a Cryptic Species
Fig. 7. SEM micrographs of antennal flagellomeres (F) 4–6 in females of Chrysis pseudobrevitarsis (top, voucher ID: TUZ117252) and Chrysis parabrevitarsis n. sp. (bottom, voucher ID:TUZ102387).
Fig. 6 in Cuticular Hydrocarbon Profile Analyses Help Clarify the Species Identity of Dry-Mounted Cuckoo Wasps (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), Including Type Material, and Reveal Evidence for a Cryptic Species
Fig. 6. Shape of the internal metasomal segments (T4–T7 and S4–S6) of female Chrysis parabrevitarsis n. sp. (voucher ID:TUZ102402). Scale bar: 1.0 mm.
Figure 12. Slit-like cuticular pores representing epidermal gland openings. A, B in An extensive review of mutualistic and similar ecological associations involving tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae), with a new hypothesis on the evolution of their hirsuteness
Figure 12. Slit-like cuticular pores representing epidermal gland openings. A, B. Ephebopus cyanognathus West and Marshall, 2000, palpal femur, with urticating setae and one gland opening (marked with an arrow). C, D. Exuvia of juvenile Ephebopus cyanognathus, abdomen. E. Psalmopoeus sp., dorsal side of metatarsus. F. Liphistius sp., a slit sensillum (large) and several gland openings (small, one marked with an arrow). Photo credits: Rainer Foelix. Scale bars: 0.01 mm.
Data from: The evolution of a complex trait: cuticular hydrocarbons in ants evolve independent from phylogenetic constraints
Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC) are ubiquitous and highly diverse in insects, serving as communication signal and waterproofing agent. Despite their vital function, the causes, mechanisms and constraints on CHC diversification are still poorly understood. Here, we investigated phylogenetic constraints on the evolution of CHC profiles, using a global dataset of the species-rich and chemically diverse ant genus Crematogaster. We decomposed CHC profiles into quantitative (relative abundances, chain length) and qualitative traits (presence/absence of CHC classes). A species-level phylogeny was estimated using newly generated and previously published sequences from five nuclear markers. Moreover, we reconstructed a phylogeny for the chemically diverse C. levior species group using cytochrome oxidase I. Phylogenetic signal was measured for these traits on genus and clade level and within the chemically diverse C. levior group. For most quantitative CHC traits, phylogenetic signal was low and did not differ from random expectation. This was true on the level of genus, clade and species-group, indicating that CHC traits are evolutionary labile. In contrast, the presence or absence of alkenes and alkadienes was highly conserved within the C. levior group. Hence, the presence or absence of biosynthetic pathways may be phylogenetically constrained, especially at lower taxonomic levels. Our study shows that CHC composition can evolve rapidly, allowing insects to quickly adapt their chemical profiles to external selection pressures, while the presence of biosynthetic pathways appears more constrained. However, our results stress the importance to consider the taxonomic level when investigating phylogenetic constraints.
FIGURE 5 in Two new species in Castanopsis (Fagaceae) from Vietnam and their leaf cuticular features
FIGURE 5. Characteristics cuticular cells of Castanopsis grandicicatricata. A. Adaxial cuticular cells (LM), scale bar: 50 µm; B. Abaxial cuticular cells (LM), scale bar: 50 µm; C–D. Abaxial cuticular cells (SEM), C. Thin-walled peltate trichomes, D. Stomata.
FIGURE 6 in Two new species in Castanopsis (Fagaceae) from Vietnam and their leaf cuticular features
FIGURE 6. Characteristics cuticular cells of Castanopsis multiporcata. A. Adaxial cuticular cells (LM), scale bar: 50 µm; B. Abaxial cuticular cells (LM), scale bar: 50 µm; C–D. Abaxial cuticular cells (SEM), C. Thin-walled peltate trichomes, D. Stomata.
FIGURE 4. Castanopsis multiporcata. A in Two new species in Castanopsis (Fagaceae) from Vietnam and their leaf cuticular features
FIGURE 4. Castanopsis multiporcata. A. Habit; B. Female flower; C. Leafy branch with infructescences; D. Cupules; E. Nut: bottom view; F. Nut: side view (Photos: D. H. Vuong).
FIGURE 1. Castanopsis grandicicatricata. A in Two new species in Castanopsis (Fagaceae) from Vietnam and their leaf cuticular features
FIGURE 1. Castanopsis grandicicatricata. A. Leafy branch with infructescences; B. Male flower; C. Spines; D. Longitudinal section of cupule; E. Nut: side view; F. Nut: top view; G. Nut: bottom view. [Drawn by D. H. Cui based on D. H. Vuong 2011082701 (A, C–G) and D. H. Vuong 2011082804 (B)]
FIGURE 3. Castanopsis multiporcata. A in Two new species in Castanopsis (Fagaceae) from Vietnam and their leaf cuticular features
FIGURE 3. Castanopsis multiporcata. A. Leafy branch with infructescence; B, C, D. Terminal buds; E. Female flowers; F. Cupule: side view; G. Nut: side view; H. Nut: bottom view. [Drawn by D. H. Cui based on D. H. Vuong 2012020901 (B–D, F–H) and D. H. Vuong 2012102407 (A, E)]
FIGURE 2. Castanopsis grandicicatricata. A in Two new species in Castanopsis (Fagaceae) from Vietnam and their leaf cuticular features
FIGURE 2. Castanopsis grandicicatricata. A. Habit; B. Leafy branch with infructescence; C. Stipules; D. Leafy branch with male inflorescences; E. Male flowers; F. Cupules; G. Spines; H. Longitudinal section of cupule; I. Nut: side view; J. Nut: top view (Photos: D. H. Vuong).
Figure 1 in Cuticular hydrocarbon profiles as a chemotaxonomic tool for three blowfly species (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of forensic interest
Figure 1. Gas chromatograph profiles from adults (female and male) of Cochliomyia macellaria, Hemilucilia segmentaria and Lucilia cuprina.
Figure 2 in Cuticular hydrocarbon profiles as a chemotaxonomic tool for three blowfly species (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of forensic interest
Figure 2. Hierarchical tree made by clustering Bray–Curtis similarity index showing a relationship in composition and abundance of cuticular hydrocarbons among adults (female and male) of Cochliomyia macellaria, Hemilucilia segmentaria and Lucilia cuprina.
Colony-age-dependent variation in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles in subterranean termite colonies
<p>Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) have, in insects, important physiological and ecological functions, such as protection against desiccation and as semiochemicals in eusocial taxa, including termites. CHCs are, in termites, known to vary qualitatively and/or quantitatively among species, populations, or seasons. Changes to hydrocarbon profile composition have been linked to varying degrees of aggression between termite colonies, although the variability of results among studies suggests that additional factors might have been involved. One source of variability may be colony age; however, this factor has never been investigated. We studied caste-specific patterns of CHC profiles in Coptotermes gestroi colonies of four different age classes (6, 18, 30, and 42 months). The CHC profiles were variable among castes in the youngest colonies, but progressively converged with increasing colony age. Young colonies had a less-defined CHC identity compared to older ones, which likely obscures the colony's ability to detect non-nestmates. Our data suggest that there is no selective pressure on an early-defined colony CHC profile, potentially allowing incipient colonies to merge non-agonistically with competing conspecifics as an indirect result. </p>
Figure 3 in Identification of Megaselia scalaris (Loew, 1866) (Diptera: Phoridae) in mummified human body from Itacambira (MG), Brazil, using scanning electron microscopy and cuticular hydrocarbons
Figure 3. Scanning electron microscopy of the puparium of Megaselia scalaris from a male mummy from Itacambira, Minas Gerais, Brazil: (A, B) Detailed view of the posterior spiracle, containing four openings arranged in parallel; (C, D) detail of the small tubercles located on the dorsal surface of the puparium.
Figure 2 in Identification of Megaselia scalaris (Loew, 1866) (Diptera: Phoridae) in mummified human body from Itacambira (MG), Brazil, using scanning electron microscopy and cuticular hydrocarbons
Figure 2. Scanning electron microscopy of the puparium of Megaselia scalaris from a male mummy from Itacambira, Minas Gerais, Brazil. (A) Overview (dorsal) of the puparium of Megaselia scalaris with the opening for adult emergence; (B) posterior spiracles (one pair), located at the posterior end of the puparium.
Figure 1 in Identification of Megaselia scalaris (Loew, 1866) (Diptera: Phoridae) in mummified human body from Itacambira (MG), Brazil, using scanning electron microscopy and cuticular hydrocarbons
Figure 1. Male mummy from Itacambira, Minas Gerais, Brazil. (A) Opening of the abdominal cavity of the mummy; (B) puparia of Megaselia scalaris (arrow) adhered to a rib (photographs by S. Novo).
Figure 5. Parsimony network obtained with TCS for the 18S rRNA information from Echiniscus species. A in Congruence between molecular phylogeny and cuticular design in Echiniscoidea (Tardigrada, Heterotardigrada)
Figure 5. Parsimony network obtained with TCS for the 18S rRNA information from Echiniscus species. A photo with the cuticular design for each species is provided. E. merokensis SP, Spanish Echiniscus merokensis merokensis. E. merokensis Tar759 SUE, subspecies Echiniscus merokensis suecicus. The three supported groups found among the Echiniscus species, based on cuticle design, are identified with dotted squares, and named as I, II, and III.
Figure 6 in Congruence between molecular phylogeny and cuticular design in Echiniscoidea (Tardigrada, Heterotardigrada)
Figure 6. Summary of phylogenetic relationships of heterotardigrade genera obtained in the present study. Values above branches indicate posterior probabilities obtained with Bayesian analysis. Bootstrap support from ML analysis is provided below branches. Tardigrade classes (Heterotardigrada, Eutardigrada), heterotardigrade orders (Arthrotardigrada, Echiniscoidea), and the polyphyletic genus Pseudechiniscus are indicated.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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