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opennotspecifiedDec 2007View details →

FIGURES 17–18 in Metaperipatus inae sp. nov. (Onychophora: Peripatopsidae) from Chile with a novel ovarian type and dermal insemination

FIGURES 17–18. Male and female genital tracts and associated structures in Metaperipatus inae sp. nov. (ink-drawings, anterior is up). 17, Male genital tract and associated glands in dorsal view. 18, Female genital tract and associated structures in ventral view. Note the seminal receptacles (arrowheads) near the proximal ovarian end. Ed = efferent duct, od = oviduct, ov = ovary, pg = male posterior accessory gland, te = testis, ug = female uterine gland, ut = paired uteri, vd = vas deferens, vs = seminal vesicle. FIGURE 19. Embryo of Metaperipatus inae sp. nov. with a large trophic vesicle (tv) in its neck-region (stage with 20–22 leg-bearing segments formed, camera lucida drawing). An = antenna, lb = anlagen of limbs, tv = trophic vesicle.

opennotspecifiedSep 2013View details →

FIGURE 1 in A comment on the oral dermal flaps of Elachistocleis Parker, 1927 (Anura: Microhylidae) larvae

FIGURE 1. Ontogenetic change of the oral dermal flaps for Elachistocleis bicolor (A, B) from Southern Uruguay, and E. haroi (C, D) from Northwestern Argentina. Developmental stages according to Gosner (1960) are: 27 (A), 37 (B), 28 (C) and 35 (D).

Extended Data Fig. 5 in Bizarre dermal armour suggests the first African ankylosaur

Extended Data Fig. 5 | Thin section photomicrograph (plane-polarized light) showing detail of the structural fibres in the upper osteodermal part of the rod. Structural fibre bundles intersect roughly perpendicular to each other. The opaque cast in the top half of the image is probably diagenetic alteration.

Extended Data Fig. 4 in Bizarre dermal armour suggests the first African ankylosaur

Extended Data Fig. 4 | Histological thin-section (plane polarized light) showing detail of the spine. A vascular channel can be observed in the top left of the image. The woven bone matrix of the cortex is dominated by primary osteons. Scattered secondary osteons can be observed in the mid and inner cortex. Large resorption cavities lined with lamellar bone can be observed in the trabecular bone of the core (top right). Red arrows indicate growth (=resting) lines.

Extended Data Fig. 3 in Bizarre dermal armour suggests the first African ankylosaur

Extended Data Fig. 3 | The osteoderm and rib parts of the rod were segmented using the following procedure. a, a section of the specimen was identified for focus; b, longitudinal sections of the specimen were examined in XCT data; c, the boundary between the osteoderm and the rib was identified on longitudinal sections; d, the data were labelled.

Extended Data Fig. 2 in Bizarre dermal armour suggests the first African ankylosaur

Extended Data Fig. 2 | XCT-scan image of a longitudinal cross-section through NHMUK PV R37412. White ovals highlight areas where it is possible to see the continuity of cortical and trabecular bone from the spikes to the rod.

Extended Data Fig. 1 in Bizarre dermal armour suggests the first African ankylosaur

Extended Data Fig. 1 | Translucent XCT reconstruction of NHMUK PV R37412, Spicomellus afer. Red shading indicates a grainy cement or fill used to consolidate the specimen. a, lateral and b, dorsal view. Also see Supplementary video.

Fig. 1 in Bizarre dermal armour suggests the first African ankylosaur

Fig. 1 | Morphology and histology of Spicomellus afer, NHMUK PV R37412. a–d, Photographs (a,b) and 3D model produced from XCT scanning (c,d) showing the specimen in anterior/posterior (a,c) and dorsal (b,d) views. Red lines on a and b indicate where the specimen was sectioned for histological analysis. Red colouration on c and d indicates a cement used to consolidate the specimen. e–g, Thin-section photographs of the rod: full section of the rod (e) (see Fig. 2a for larger version); histological section through the dorsal osteodermal part of the rod (f) showing structural fibre bundles in an orthogonal 'plywood-like' arrangement; histological section through the rib part of the rod (g) showing heavily remodelled cortical bone. Yellow box in e indicates the position of f, blue box indicates the position of g. h, Histological section from the sacral shield of NHMUK PV R9293, an indeterminate ankylosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Wealden Group of the UK showing fibre bundles arranged in a pattern similar to that of the osteoderm in Spicomellus (f). i, Histological section from the rib of NHMUK PV R36643, an unnamed ankylosaur from the Callovian Oxford Clay Formation of the UK showing well-vascularized, remodelled cortical bone similar to that of the rib section of Spicomellus (g).

Fig. 2 in Bizarre dermal armour suggests the first African ankylosaur

Fig. 2 | Details of the histology of Spicomellus afer, NHMUK PV R37142. a,c, Thin-section photographs of the fused rib and osteoderm. The darker region at the top of the image in a and to the top left of the image in c bears the histological characteristics of an osteoderm, while the lighter region below bears histological characteristics of the rib. A strip of structural fibres extending across this interface can be observed in c. b, Thin-section photograph of the spine of NHMUK PV R37142 S. afer showing a cortex of woven bone and an inner core of highly vascularized trabecular bone. d, A section of NHMUK PV R37142 S. afer with the osteoderm and rib sections segmented separately so the morphology of each can be seen. The osteoderm is in blue, while the rib is shown in white.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

Dataset for: Interplay of Cellular Nrf2/NFκB Signalling after Plasma Stimulation of Malignant vs. Non-Malignant Dermal Cells

Data used in the publication "Interplay of Cellular Nrf2/NFκB Signalling after Plasma Stimulation of Malignant vs. Non-Malignant Dermal Cells By: Kristina Manzhula, Alexander Rebl, Kai Budde-Sagert, Sascha Spors, Henrike Rebl". Abbreviations: A = A431 cells H = HaCaT cells 1. The GraphPad PRISM file "paper.pzfx" contains all final data used for the analyses of vitality, ROS, the antioxidant capacity of the cells, and hydrogen peroxide in the medium. Statistical analyses, as well as graphics, are included. 2. The file "imagedata.zip" contains the microscopy images. 3. The file "Rscript.zip" contains a directory with the analysis results. (This data can be recreated when changing the parameter 'reanalyze_images == TRUE'.) The zip container also contains the R script for further analyzing and plotting the image analysis results.

opennotspecifiedSep 2008View details →

FIGURE 27. Euplectella aspergillum australicum, ssp.n., spicules. AB, dermal hexactin. CD, choanosomal pentactins. E, anchorate spicule. F, oscularia. G in New Australian Hexactinellida (Porifera) with a revision of Euplectella aspergillum*

FIGURE 27. Euplectella aspergillum australicum, ssp.n., spicules. AB, dermal hexactin. CD, choanosomal pentactins. E, anchorate spicule. F, oscularia. G, hexactin of the sieveplate. H, floricome. I, graphiocome. J, sigmatocome. K, oxyhexaster. L, oxyhemihexaster. M, oxyhexactin. N, oxypentactin. AE; GI; KM, holotype. F, J, N, WAM Z 546.

Figure 11 in Sculpture and vascularization of dermal bones, and the implications for the physiology of basal tetrapods

Figure 11. Thin sections of sculptural ridges showing mineralized Sharpey's fibres penetrating the bone. A, Chenoprosopus milleri (Temnospondyli, Edopoidea), UCMP 41104. The strong Sharpey's fibres are obliquely cut. B, Plagiosternum granulosum (Stereospondyli, Plagiosauridae), SMNS without number. The Sharpey's fibres are densely arranged. For abbreviations, see text.

Figure 10. Reference topology with mapped dermal sculpture characters showing a phylogenetic signal, continued. A, character 10. B, character 11. C, character 12. For character 12 in Sculpture and vascularization of dermal bones, and the implications for the physiology of basal tetrapods

Figure 10. Reference topology with mapped dermal sculpture characters showing a phylogenetic signal, continued. A, character 10. B, character 11. C, character 12. For character 12, the coloration is similar to that in Figure 9, whereas for character 10 (four character states) and 11 (three character states), the lightest shading refers to character state 1, and the increasingly darker shadings refer to the ascending character states. For definition of characters, see Appendix 2.

Figure 7. A in Sculpture and vascularization of dermal bones, and the implications for the physiology of basal tetrapods

Figure 7. A, the oblique growth of nodal points and ridges as indicated in Figure 6H can be shown histologically. The growth marks indicate oblique appositional growth, and the arrow shows the direction of growth. B, Chroniosaurus dongusensis (Chroniosuchia, Chroniosuchidae), PIN 3585/124, juvenile specimen. The sculpture on the skull table consists primarily of radially aligned ridges, with very few tubercles. C, skull table of an ontogenetically advanced Chroniosaurus dongusensis, PIN 3713/11. The ridges bear numerous distinct tubercles. D, Ventastega curonica (stem tetrapod), PIN 54/180. Fragment of angular with deep, steep-walled lateral line sulcus that is partially enclosed within the bone. E, Cheliderpeton latirostre (Stereospondylomorpha, Intasuchidae), SMNS 91003. Posterior part of the skull with faintly impressed lateral line sulci posterior and medial to the orbits. F, Metoposaurus fraasi (Stereospondyli, Trematosauroidea), UCMP 27103. Prefrontal bearing a broad lateral line sulcus. For abbreviations, see text.

Figure 2. A in Sculpture and vascularization of dermal bones, and the implications for the physiology of basal tetrapods

Figure 2. A, Eryops megacephalus (Temnospondyli, Eryopidae), MCZ 3233, cast. Irregular polygonal sculpture in the interorbital region. B, Dvinosaurus primus (Temnospondyli, Dvinosauria), PIN 156/10. Posterior part of skull table with radial sculpture. C, Metoposaurus fraasi (Stereospondyli, Trematosauroidea), UCMP 27103. Posterior portion of interclavicle with radial sculpture. D, Thoosuchus jakovlevi (Stereospondyli, Trematosauroidea), SMNS 80064. Close-up of the radial sculpture on the postfrontal, with imprints of vessels within the sculptural furrows. E, Panderichthys rhombolepis (stem tetrapod, Elpistostegalia), MB.f.17548. SEM photograph of tubercular sculpture of dermal bone of the skull or pectoral region. F, Chroniosaurus dongusensis (Chroniosuchia, Chroniosuchidae), PIN 3713/38. Close-up of tubercular sculpture on the parietal. For abbreviations, see text.

Figure 6. A–E in Sculpture and vascularization of dermal bones, and the implications for the physiology of basal tetrapods

Figure 6. A–E, schematic drawings of formation of new sculptural ridges at the bone periphery during growth. A, the vascular opening is located directly in front of a sculptural ridge that bifurcates symmetrically. B–C, the vascular opening is located lateral to the sculptural ridge, and the bifurcation is asymmetric. D, bifurcation of ridges from contralateral sides fuse roughly at the midline of the furrow, and close the furrow. E, in an asymmetrical bifurcation of a sculptural ridge, the 'axilla ridge' of the corresponding vascular opening may be low or suppressed, giving the impression that the new intercalated ridge has an abrupt origin within the furrow. F–H, development of polygonal sculpture from the radial pattern. F, first, the radial ridges broaden slightly at discrete points in the vicinity of a vascular opening, or may be slightly bent in this direction. These are the points of intersection (nodal points) of the radial ridge with the future dividing wall. G, the dividing walls have grown slowly in height between these points proximal to the vascular openings; through this compartmentalization, sculptural cells have developed that have a rather quadrangular shape at first. H, during appositional growth of the bone, the cells attain a polygonal (ideally hexagonal) outline via a sidewards shift (oblique growth) of the nodal points (arrows). For abbreviations, see text.

Figure 3. A in Sculpture and vascularization of dermal bones, and the implications for the physiology of basal tetrapods

Figure 3. A, Zatrachys serratus (Temnospondyli, Zatracheidae), UCMP 34137. Posterior portion of the skull with radial and polygonal/tubercular sculpture. B, Lanthanosuchus watsoni (Parareptilia, Lanthanosuchidae), PIN 271/1. Posterior skull table with pronounced sculpture. C, Cochleosaurus bohemicus (Temnospondyli, Edopoidea), MB.Am.80, cast. The dermal sculpture is much subdued medial to the crest extending from the orbit to the snout. D, Vigilius wellesi (Stereospondyli, Brachyopoidea), ROM 23857, cast. Posterior portion of the skull, with sculptured bones (median part of the skull table) and bones that are largely smooth. E, Melosaurus uralensis (Stereospondylomorpha, Melosauridae), PIN 161/3. Symphysis in ventrolateral view. F, Gerrothorax pustuloglomeratus (Stereospondyli, Plagiosauridae), SMNS without number. Part of the mandible in labial view: whereas the angular is heavily sculptured, the dentary is only faintly striated. For abbreviations, see text.

Figure 8 in Sculpture and vascularization of dermal bones, and the implications for the physiology of basal tetrapods

Figure 8. Principal component analysis of 47 taxa of basal tetrapods based on the 12 characters defined in Appendix 2 (nominal data). The convex hulls cover taxa with the same presumed life habit. The criteria for the presumed life habit of each taxon plus references are listed in Appendix 4.

Figure 1. A in Sculpture and vascularization of dermal bones, and the implications for the physiology of basal tetrapods

Figure 1. A, Mastodonsaurus giganteus (Stereospondyli, Capitosauroidea), SMNS without number. Parietals showing polygonal sculpture in the ossification centre and radial sculpture in the periphery. B, Gerrothorax pustuloglomeratus (Stereospondyli, Plagiosauridae), SMNS without number. SEM photograph of dorsal osteoderm showing tubercular sculpture. C, Metoposaurus fraasi (Stereospondyli, Trematosauroidea), UCMP 27103. Close-up of the regular polygonal sculpture on the parietal. D, Wetlugasaurus samarensis (Stereospondyli, Trematosauroidea), PIN 4627/1. Close-up of polygonal sculpture on the parietal; the nodal points are elevated with respect to the sculptural ridges. For abbreviations, see text.

Figure 9. Dermal sculpture characters displaying a in Sculpture and vascularization of dermal bones, and the implications for the physiology of basal tetrapods

Figure 9. Dermal sculpture characters displaying a phylogenetic signal mapped on the reference topology. Reference topology based on Ruta et al. (2003), Ruta & Coates (2007), Schoch & Milner (2000), and Yates & Warren (2000). A, character 1. B, character 2. C, character 5. D, character 6. Grey shading refers to character state 1; black shading refers to character state 2. For definition of characters, see Appendix 2.