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667 results for “distinguishability”
Data from: Order among chaos: high throughput MYCroplanters can distinguish interacting drivers of host infection in a highly stochastic system
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Data from: A few essential genetic loci distinguish Penstemon species with flowers adapted to pollination by bees or hummingbirds
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Simulation data used in "An attempt to distinguish physical and socio-psychological influences on pedestrian bottleneck"
<p>The dataset contains all simulated trajectory data used in the main text analysis of "Self-organisation phenomena in pedestrian bottleneck flow under varying corridor width". The data was simulated using JuPedSim. The source code used can be downloaded from: https://github.com/JonasRzez/jpsnewnoise.git</p>
Data from: Distinguishing distribution dynamics from temporary emigration using dynamic occupancy models
1. Dynamic occupancy models are popular for estimating dynamic distribution rates (colonization and extinction) from repeated presence/absence surveys of unmarked animals. This approach assumes closure among repeated samples within primary periods, allowing estimation of dynamic rates between these periods. However, the impact of temporary emigration (reversible changes in sampling availability) on dynamic rate estimates, has not been tested. 2. Using simulated data, we investigated the degree to which temporary emigration could mislead researchers interested in quantifying dynamics. We then compared results from three avian point count datasets to evaluate the likelihood that temporary emigration confounds estimates of dynamics for 19 species under a popular sampling protocol. 3. Simulated experiments indicated that when secondary periods were open to temporary emigration, presence of dynamics was correctly identified ≥ 95.1% of the time, and dynamic rate estimates were accurate. However, dynamic rate estimates were biased when secondary periods were closed to temporary emigration. In empirical datasets, dynamic occupancy models had greater support than closed models for all species when secondary sampling periods occurred in immediate succession (i.e., 3 samples within 10 minutes); however, our results suggest that this is because these estimates were heavily influenced by temporary emigration. When counts within a primary period were separated by 24-48 hours, we found evidence of dynamics for less than half of these species. We recommend an alternative sampling approach that allows accurate estimation of dynamic rates when temporary emigration is of no interest, and introduce a novel model for estimating both processes simultaneously in rare cases where they are both of biological interest. 4. Concern for violating the occupancy modeling closure assumption has led to widespread recommendations that samples within primary periods be conducted extremely close in time. However, this may not be the best approach when interest is in quantifying dynamic rates. While dynamic occupancy models provide estimates of 'colonization' and 'extinction,' these values do not inherently represent dynamics unless temporary emigration has been explicitly modeled, or accounted for with sampling design. Naiveté to this fact can result in incorrect conclusions about biological processes.
Distinguishing Impatiens capensis from Impatiens pallida (Balsaminaceae) using leaf traits
<p><i>Impatiens capensis</i> (orange jewelweed) and <i>Impatiens pallida</i> (yellow jewelweed) are annual species with similar phenotypes that grow in similar environments throughout the eastern United States. This makes them extremely difficult to distinguish when (chasmogamous) flowers are absent. We use morphometric analyses to identify leaf characters that distinguish these species. After collecting and scanning 342 leaves from plants of each species growing in co-occurring populations in Madison, WI, we quantified: leaf size, shape (using elliptical Fourier analysis), serratedness, and color. Using leaf size and shape traits, a linear discriminate analysis assigned up to 100% of leaves to the correct species. The uppermost fully expanded leaf yielded the most accurate species assignments based on size and shape traits. This leaf was on average, smaller, less deeply serrated, with a more acute base, apex, and elliptical shape in <i>I. capensis</i> as compared to <i>I. pallida. Impatiens pallida </i>leaves had more color contrast (lighter veins and margins) than <i>I. capensis</i>, which were solid green throughout. Morphometric analysis is a promising technique to identify species-distinguishing characters in the absence of binary traits or molecular genetic analyses. Leaves from across these species' ranges should be analyzed to test the robustness of the species-distinguishing characters we present.</p>
FIGURE 1 in Use of DNA barcoding to distinguish the malaria vector An opheles neivai in Colombia
FIGURE 1. Collection municipalities map for Anopheles neivai in Colombia (CO) and Panama (PA).
Data for: Foliar spectra accurately distinguish most temperate tree species and show strong phylogenetic signal.
<p>Gene supermatrix and partitions used for Blanchard, F., Bruneau, A., Laliberté, E. (2023). Foliar spectra accurately distinguish most temperate tree species and show strong phylogenetic signal. <i>Am.J.Bot</i>., [Submitted]. See text for more information.</p><p>All leaf spectral and trait data can be found at https://data.caboscience.org/leaf/</p>
Using geometric wing morphometrics to distinguish Aedes japonicus japonicus and Aedes koreicus
<p><span><strong>Background</strong>:</span><span> <em>Aedes japonicus japonicus</em> (Theobald, 1901) and <em>Aedes koreicus</em> (Edwards, 1917) have rapidly spread in Europe over the last decades. Both species are very closely related and occur in sympatry. Females are difficult to distinguish, and no distinctive morphological characters are known for males. However, accurate species discrimination is important as both species may differ in their vectorial capacity and spreading behaviour. In this study, we assessed the potential of geometric wing morphometrics as an alternative to distinguish the two species. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Methods</strong>:</span><span> A total of 147 <em>Ae. japonicus</em> specimens (77 females and 70 males) and 124 <em>Ae. koreicus</em> specimens (67 females and 57 males) were collected in South-West Germany. The left wing of each specimen was removed, mounted and photographed. The coordinates of 18 landmarks on the vein crosses were digitalised by a single observer. The resulting two-dimensional dataset was used to analyse the differences in the wing size (i.e., centroid size) and wing shape between <em>Ae. japonicus </em>and <em>Ae. koreicus</em> by means of geometric morphometrics. To analyse the reproducibility of the analysis, the landmark collection was repeated for 20 specimens per sex and species by two additional observers.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Results</strong>:</span><span> The wing size in female <em>Ae. koreicus</em> was significantly greater than in <em>Ae. japonicus</em> but did not differ significantly for males. However, the strong overlap in wing size for the females would not allow for discriminating the two species. In contrast, the wing shape clustered species-specific and a leave-one-out validation resulted in a reclassification accuracy of 95% for the females and 91% for the males. The data collected by different observers resulted in a similar accuracy, indicating a low observer bias for the landmark collection. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Conclusions</strong>:</span><span> Geometric wing morphometrics provide a reliable and robust tool to distinguish female and male specimens of <em>Ae. japonicus </em>and<em> Ae. koreicus</em>. </span></p>
Data and R analysis code: Asian elephants distinguish sexual status and identity of unfamiliar elephants using urinary odours
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Despite the ubiquity of odours in mammals, few studies have documented the natural olfactory abilities of many "non-model" species such as the Asian elephant. As Asian elephants are endangered, we may apply odours to more effectively manage threatened populations. We implemented a habituation–discrimination paradigm for the first time in Asian elephants to test the ability of elephants to discriminate between unfamiliar male elephant urine, hypothesizing that elephants would successfully distinguish non-musth from musth urine and also distinguish identity between two closely related individuals. We conducted two bioassay series, exposing three female and three male zoo-housed elephants to the same urine sample (non-musth urine in the first series, and urine from an unfamiliar individual in the second) over five days. On the sixth day, we simultaneously presented each elephant with a novel sample (either musth urine or urine from a second unfamiliar individual) alongside the habituated urine sample, comparing rates of chemosensory response to each sample to indicate discrimination. All elephants successfully discriminated non-musth from musth urine, and also urine from two unfamiliar half-brothers. Our results further demonstrate the remarkable olfactory abilities of elephants with promising implications for conservation and management.</span></p>
Pinellia discolor: A new cryptic species distinguished from P. cordata in Mainland China
<p><em>Pinellia cordata</em> (Araceae) is a perennial herb species distributed in China and Japan. Several studies have shown that there are two types of this species, and chromosome counts have shown irregular variation among populations. In this study, we investigated the morphological characteristics, established the chromosome number in root tips, reconstructed phylogenetic relationship based on whole chloroplast genomes, and elucidated biogeographic patterns based on data collected from the Chinese Virtual Herbarium (CVH) and the Plant Photo Bank of China (PPBC) for the two types of <em>P. cordata</em>, including type I (greenish leaf blade) and type II (colored leaf blade). We found stable significant differences in morphometric characteristics (color of the leaf blade abaxially, petiole, spathe, and appendix) and the number of chromosomes. The results of the phylogenetic analysis showed that types I and II were located in different places in the evolutionary tree compared to the group. The distribution regions of these types of <em>P. cordata</em> were also slightly different in Mainland China. These findings suggested that <em>P. cordata</em> should be divided into <em>P. cordata </em>(Type I) and <em>P. discolor</em> (Type II, a cryptic species), and the latter is here described as a new species.</p>
Data for the Project 'Discriminative ability of instrumented cognitive-motor assessments to distinguish fallers from non-fallers'
<p>Data for the project 'Discriminative ability of instrumented cognitive-motor assessments to distinguish fallers from non-fallers' including a complete dataset with all variables collected in this project ('Data_Discriminative ability of instrumented assessments_for publication.xlsx') and a corresponding README file ('README-File_Data_Discriminative ability of instrumented cognitive-motor assessments to distingush fallers from non-fallers.txt'). The latter provides (1) general information, (2) sharing and access information, (3) data and file overview, (4) methodological information, and (5) data-specific information.</p>
Dataset for 'Beyond bidirectional association: Distinguishing light verb constructions from other conventionalised noun-verb combinations in modern Tibetan'
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Dataset for: Smith et al., Phylogenomic analysis of the parrots of the world distinguishes artifactual from biological sources of gene tree discordance
<p>Gene tree discordance is expected in phylogenomic trees and biological processes are often invoked to explain it. However, heterogeneous levels of phylogenetic signal among individuals within datasets may cause artifactual sources of topological discordance. We examined how the information content in tips and subclades impacts topological discordance in the parrots (Order: Psittaciformes), a diverse and highly threatened clade of nearly 400 species. Using ultraconserved elements from 96% of the clade's species-level diversity, we estimated concatenated and species trees for 382 ingroup taxa. We found that discordance among tree topologies was most common at nodes dating between the late Miocene and Pliocene, and often at the taxonomic level of genus. Accordingly, we used two metrics to characterize information content in tips and assess the degree to which conflict between trees was being driven by lower quality samples. Most instances of topological conflict and non-monophyletic genera in the species tree could be objectively identified using these metrics. For subclades still discordant after tip-based filtering, we used a machine learning approach to determine whether phylogenetic signal or noise was the more important predictor of metrics supporting the alternative topologies. We found that when signal favored one of the topologies, noise was the most important variable in poorly performing models that favored the alternative topology. In sum, we show that artifactual sources of gene tree discordance, which are likely a common phenomenon in many datasets, can be distinguished from biological sources by quantifying the information content in each tip and modeling which factors support each topology.</p>
FIGURE 3. A in Distinguishing between three modern Ellobius species (Rodentia, Mammalia) and identification of fossil Ellobius from Kaldar Cave (Iran) using geometric morphometric analyses of the first lower molar
FIGURE 3. A) Kaldar Cave location. B) Entrance from the south of Kaldar Cave.
Data for manuscript "Estimating grain stress and distinguishing between mobility and transportability improves bedload transport estimates in coarse-bedded mountain rivers"
<p>This repository contains data collected that was used in the manuscript:</p> <p><span>Estimating grain stress and distinguishing between mobility and transportability improves bedload transport estimates in coarse-bedded mountain rivers</span></p> <p> </p>
Dataset for "Distinguishing between temporary and permanent removal in verbal working memory"
<p><strong>Dataset for “Distinguishing between temporary and permanent removal in verbal working memory”</strong></p> <p><strong>Manuscript's abstract</strong></p> <p>We employed the retro-cue paradigm to examine performance improvements resulting from permanent versus temporary removal in verbal working memory. Permanent removal entails discarding a subset of WM representations marked as definitively irrelevant, while temporary removal involves momentarily setting aside the uncued subset of representations from the attentional focus, preserving accessibility for later refocusing. We observed that permanent and temporary removal led to marked progressive reductions in reaction time and errors across cue-target intervals (200, 400, 800, and 1600 ms), reflecting the gradual simplification of the search set following informative cues. Although removal conditions did not differ in accuracy, responses were slower in the temporary removal condition, especially at the longest interval. A key finding was that performance in the temporary removal condition, but not in the permanent removal condition, was modulated by the presentation order of the target's memory set. This order effect was also observed in a non-removal control condition where double retro-cues marked all presented information as relevant. We suggest that these order effects depend on maintaining the integrity of the retrieval structure (all the contextual cues) needed to guide attentional access to specific representations, including those provisionally set aside in the temporary removal condition. In conclusion, the primary distinction between permanent and temporary removal processes is that permanent removal simplifies the retrieval structure by eliminating unnecessary contextual cues, resulting in a greater reduction in the complexity of the search set compared to temporary removal.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Dataset description</strong></p> <p>FILES: one_row_per_trial.csv, one_row_per_trial.xlsx</p> <p>Column 1: participant_id (from 1 to 56).<br>Column 2: participant_sex (0 = female; 1 = male; 2 = other).<br>Column 3: participant_age (in years).<br>Column 4: frame_1_locus (the location of the presentation frame where the first set is presented; up: above the fixation cross; down: below the fixation cross).<br>Column 5: trial_number (from 17 to 64, block 1; from 81 to 128, block 2; from 145 to 192, block 3; from 209 to 256, block 4. The 16 missing trials preceding each block were practice trials).<br>Column 6: condition (c1 = permanent removal; c2 = temporary removal; c3 = control-2; c4 = control-4)<br>Column 7: cue_target_interval (i1 = 200 ms; i2 = 400 ms; i3 = 800 ms; i4 = 1600 ms).<br>Column 7: presentation_frame (f1 = presentation frame 1 = the target belonged to the set presented first; f2 = presentation frame 2 = the target belonged to the set presented second).<br>Column 8: rt1 (reaction time; 0 = no response within the 1200-ms response window) <br>Column 9: acc1 (accuracy; 1 = correct response; 0 = incorrect response or no response within the response window)<br>Column 10: rt2 (reaction time in the second response of the temporary removal condition; reaction time; 0 = no response within the 1200-ms response window).<br>Column 11: acc2 (accuracy in the second response of the temporary removal condition; 1 = correct response; 0 = incorrect response or no response within the response window).</p>
Merger seismology: distinguishing massive merger products from genuine single stars using asteroseismology (online data)
<h1><strong>Input and output files for "Merger seismology: distinguishing massive merger products from genuine single stars using asteroseismology" (Henneco et al. 2024b)</strong></h1> <p>This repository contains the MESA and GYRE input files required to reproduce the models used in Henneco et al. (2024b), as well as some of the output files.</p> <p><strong>[MESA version]</strong><br>MESA r12778<br>MESA SDK 20.3.2</p> <p><strong>[GYRE version]</strong><br>GYRE 7.0<br>MESA SDK 22.6.1</p> <p> </p> <h2><strong>input_files</strong></h2> <p>This directory contains the template input files for the MESA and GYRE models.</p> <h3><strong>gyre</strong></h3> <p>- gyre_nonrot_template.in: GYRE inlist for computations without rotation<br>- gyre_rot_template.in: GYRE inlist for computations, including rotation using the TAR<br>- gyre_rot_pert_template: GYRE inlist for computations including rotation using the perturbative approach</p> <h3><strong>mesa</strong></h3> <p>- <strong>genuine_single</strong>: MESA work directory for genuine single stars<br>- <strong>merger_product</strong>: MESA work directory for merger products via the fast accretion method<br>- <strong>zams_z0142_y2703.data</strong>: ZAMS models used to start all MESA computations from</p> <h2> </h2> <h2><strong>output</strong></h2> <h3><strong>mesa</strong></h3> <p>In this directory, we provide the MESA history and profile (GYRE format only) output for the MESA models used in our work.<br>The more detailed regular profile files are left out because of storage constraints, but these can be transferred upon reasonable request.</p> <p>- mXX_plus_mYY_at_rZZ: XX + YY Msol merger product model where the fast accretion method was invoked when the HG star had a radius of ZZ Rsol<br>- mXX: genuine single-star model of XX Msol</p> <h3><strong>gyre</strong></h3> <p>This directory contains the GYRE summary files and input files (with the frequency ranges specific to these models). The detail files are left out because of storage constraints, but these can be transferred upon reasonable request. </p> <p><strong>[suffixes]</strong><br>NAD: nonadiabatic computations<br>pmodes: computations in frequency ranges appropriate for pressure modes<br>Om20_PERT: computations including rotation (20% of critical) using the perturbative approach<br>Om20_TAR: computations including rotation (20% of critical) using the TAR</p> <p>Except for the computations in `m6.0_plus_m2.4_at_r9.0`, the GYRE computations have been made only for a specific MESA profile (the profile at the time when the models were seismically compared).<br>These are:</p> <p>-<strong> m6.0_plus_m2.4_at_r9.0</strong>: profile 38<br>- <strong>m7.8</strong>: profile 14<br>- <strong>m9.0_plus_m6.3_at_r10.4</strong>: profile 62<br>- <strong>m13.6</strong>: profile 16</p> <p>For the `m6.0_plus_m2.4_at_r9.0` model, GYRE computations have been made for profiles 27 -- 52 (see Section 4.2).</p>
Fig. 7 in Distinguishing Mus Spicilegus From Mus Musculus (Rodentia, Muridae) By Using Cranial Measurements
Fig. 7. Bivariate plot of MW and B with the discrimination equation and line.
Fig. 2 in Distinguishing Mus Spicilegus From Mus Musculus (Rodentia, Muridae) By Using Cranial Measurements
Fig. 2. Map of Hungary showing the collection regions. 1–5: geographic regions (see Table 1)
Fig. 4 in Distinguishing Mus Spicilegus From Mus Musculus (Rodentia, Muridae) By Using Cranial Measurements
Fig. 4. Bivariate plot of individual scores on PC1 and PC2.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.