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271 results for “dormancy”
Data from: One phase of the dormancy developmental pathway is critical for the evolution of insect seasonality
Evolutionary change in the timing of dormancy enables animals and plants to adapt to changing seasonal environments and can result in ecological speciation. Despite its clear biological importance, the mechanisms underlying the evolution of dormancy timing in animals remain poorly understood because of a lack of anatomical landmarks to discern which phase of dormancy an individual is experiencing. Taking advantage of the nearly universal characteristic of metabolic suppression during insect dormancy (diapause), we use patterns of respiratory metabolism to document physiological landmarks of dormancy and test which of the distinct phases of the dormancy developmental pathway contribute to a month-long shift in diapause timing between a pair of incipient moth species. Here, we show that divergence in life cycle between the earlier-emerging E-strain and the later-emerging Z-strain of European corn borer (ECB) is clearly explained by a delay in the timing of the developmental transition from the diapause maintenance phase to the termination phase. Along with recent findings indicating that life-cycle differences between ECB strains stem from allelic variation at a single sex-linked locus, our results demonstrate how dramatic shifts in animal seasonality can result from simple developmental and genetic changes. Although characterizing the multiple phases of the diapause developmental programme in other locally adapted populations and species will undoubtedly yield surprises about the nature of animal dormancy, results in the ECB moth suggest that focusing on genetic variation in the timing of the dormancy termination phase may help explain how (or whether) organisms rapidly respond to global climate change, expand their ranges after accidental or managed introductions, undergo seasonal adaptation, or evolve into distinct species through allochronic isolation.
Data from: Pleiotropy in the wild: the dormancy gene DOG1 exerts cascading control on life-cycles
In the wild, organismal life cycles occur within seasonal cycles, so shifts in the timing of developmental transitions can alter the seasonal environment experienced subsequently. Effects of genes that control the timing of prior developmental events can therefore be magnified in the wild because they determine seasonal conditions experienced by subsequent life stages, which can influence subsequent phenotypic expression. We examined such environmentally-induced pleiotropy of developmental-timing genes in a field experiment with Arabidopsis thaliana. When studied in the field under natural seasonal variation, an A. thaliana seed-dormancy gene, Delay Of Germination 1 (DOG1), was found to influence not only germination, but also flowering time, overall life history, and fitness. Flowering time of the previous generation, in turn, imposed maternal effects that altered germination, the effects of DOG1 alleles, and the direction of natural selection on these alleles. Thus under natural conditions, germination genes act as flowering genes and potentially vice versa. These results illustrate how seasonal environmental variation can alter pleiotropic effects of developmental-timing genes, such that effects of genes that regulate prior life stages ramify to influence subsequent life stages. In this case, one gene acting at the seed stage impacted the entire life cycle.
Data from: Predicting evolution in response to climate change: the example of sprouting probability in three dormancy-prone orchid species
Although many ecological properties of species respond to climate change, their evolutionary responses are poorly understood. Here, we use data from long-term demographic studies to predict evolutionary responses of three herbaceous perennial orchid species, Cypripedium parviflorum, C. candidum and Ophrys sphegodes, to predicted climate changes in the habitats they occupy. We focus on the evolution of sprouting probability, because all three species exhibit long-term vegetative dormancy, i.e. individual plants may not emerge above-ground, potentially for several consecutive years. The drivers of all major vital rates for populations of the species were analysed with general linear mixed models (GLMMs). High-dimensionality function-based matrix projection models were then developed to serve as core elements of deterministic and stochastic adaptive dynamics models used to analyse the adaptive context of sprouting in all populations. We then used regional climate forecasts, derived from high-resolution general atmospheric circulation models, of increased mean annual temperatures and spring precipitation at the occupied sites, to predict evolutionary trends in sprouting. The models predicted that C. parviflorum and O. sphegodes will evolve higher and lower probabilities of sprouting, respectively, by the end of the twenty-first century, whereas, after considerable variation, the probability of sprouting in C. candidum will return to its current level. These trends appear to be driven by relationships between mortality and size: in C. parviflorum and C. candidum, mortality is negatively related to size in the current year but positively related to growth since the previous year, whereas in O. sphegodes, mortality is positively related to size.
Composition and liquid-to-solid maturation of protein aggregates contribute to bacterial dormancy development and recovery
<p>Source data accompanying scientific publication.</p>
Effects of primary seed dormancy on life-time fitness of Arabidopsis thaliana in the field
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><strong>Background and Aims</strong><em> </em>Seed dormancy determines the environmental niche of plants in seasonal environments, and has consequences for plant performance that potentially go far beyond the seed and seedling stages. In this study, we examined the cascading effects of seed dormancy on the expression of subsequent life-history traits and fitness in the annual herb <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>.<em> </em></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><strong>Methods </strong>We planted seeds of >200 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from a cross between two locally adapted populations (Italy and Sweden), and both parental genotypes at the native site of the Swedish population in three consecutive years. We quantified the relationship between primary seed dormancy and the expression of subsequent life-history traits and fitness in the RIL population with path analysis. To examine effects of differences in dormancy on relative fitness of the two parental genotypes, we planted dormant seeds during the seed dispersal period and non-dormant seeds during the germination period of the local population.</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><strong>Key Results </strong>In the RIL population,<strong> </strong>strong primary dormancy was associated with high seedling survival, but with low adult survival and fecundity, and the path analysis indicated that this could be explained by effects on germination timing, rosette size, and flowering start. The relationship between primary seed dormancy and germination proportion varied among years, and this was associated with differences in seasonal changes in soil moisture. The planting of dormant and nondormant seeds indicated that the lower primary dormancy of the local Swedish genotype contributed to its higher germination proportion in two years, and to its higher fecundity in one year. </p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><strong>Conclusions </strong>Our results show that seed dormancy affects trait expression and fitness components across the life cycle, and suggest that among-year variation in the incidence of drought during the germination period should be considered when predicting the consequences of climatic change for population growth and evolution.</p>
22RV1 NOVOSEQ PC DORMANCY
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RM1 NOVO SEQ PC DORMANCY
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22RV1 leftover NOVOSEQ PC DORMANCY
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Dormancy in the origin, evolution, and persistence of life on Earth
<p>Code for simulation model and output figures</p>
Data from: The microbiota of diapause: how host-microbe associations are formed after dormancy in an aquatic crustacean
1. A critical question in symbiosis research is where and how organisms obtain beneficial microbial symbionts in different ecological contexts. Microbiota of juveniles are often derived directly from their mother or from the immediate environment. The origin of beneficial symbionts, however, is less obvious in organisms with diapause and dispersal stages, such as plants with dormant seeds and animals in ephemeral or strongly seasonal habitats. In these cases, parents and offspring are separated in time and space, which may affect opportunities for both vertical and horizontal transmission of symbionts. 2. The planktonic crustacean Daphnia produces long-lasting resting eggs to endure winter freezing and summer droughts and requires microbiota for growth and reproduction. It is unknown how hatchlings from resting stages form associations with microbial consorts after diapause. 3. Using natural samples of D. magna resting eggs after several years of storage, we show that the total bacterial community derived from both the exterior and interior of the eggs' ephippial cases is sufficiently beneficial to ensure normal Daphnia functioning in otherwise bacteria-free conditions. We do not find direct evidence that the required bacteria are of maternal origin, though sequencing reveals that the resting stage is accompanied by bacterial taxa previously found in association with adult animals. 4. These findings suggest that while Daphnia are strongly dependent on environmental bacteria for normal functioning, host-bacteria associations are somewhat general and availability of specific bacteria is not a strong constraint on host ecology. Nevertheless, animals and microbes may be ecologically linked through co-dispersal.
A quantitative analysis of primary dormancy and dormancy changes during burial in seeds of Brassica napus
<p>For plants inhabiting unpredictable environments, scheduling germination can be challenging. Various responses to environmental conditions have been evolved by plants; these responses combine with variation in local climate to construct germination niche. Germination process may be regulated by a number of factors, among them, the type of seed dormancy and dormancy cycling play an important role in promoting survival after dispersal. In the present study, seeds of <i>Brassica napus</i> were tested for primary conditional dormancy (CD). Dormancy changes were quantified through seed population thermal germination parameters to test whether different genotypes of <i>B. napus</i> seeds (<span>944, 966, Alestrom, Danube, Okanto and Rohan</span>) are non-dormant (ND) at the maturity or if they present primary dormancy (D or CD). In a burial experiment, <i>B. napus</i> seeds dormancy cycling in the natural soil seedbank was investigated. Germination of all genotypes decreased at 5 and >20 <sup>o</sup>C, showing narrower breadth of thermal niche for germination. Dormancy-breaking Treatments lead to the widening of thermal range permissive for germination. The lower limit (<i>T<sub>l(50)</sub></i>) and higher limit (<i>T<sub>h(50)</sub></i>) temperatures for germination decreased and increased, respectively, for non-dormant (after-ripened seeds treated with GA<sub>3</sub>) seeds compared with fresh seeds in all genotypes. In fresh seeds, the <i>T<sub>l(50) </sub></i>and <i>T<sub>h(50)</sub></i> for various genotypes ranged from 3.61 to 6.5<sup>o</sup>C and 25.0 to 29.0<sup>o</sup>C, respectively and ranged from 0.2 to 1.8<sup>o</sup>C and 35 to 41.0<sup>o</sup>C in non-dormant seeds. Thus, fresh seeds of <i>B. napus</i> are dormant at dispersal and adopt delayed germination strategies to avoid summer drought. In the burial experiment, the results indicated that<i> B. napus</i> must have D/ND cycle in which fresh seeds first become dormant and then the cycle begins (CD → D ↔ CD ↔ ND), thus adopting both risk-prone and risk- adverse strategies to spread the likelihood of survival over time.</p>
Data from: One phase of the dormancy developmental pathway is critical for the evolution of insect seasonality
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Data from: Rapid evolution of sex frequency and dormancy as hydroperiod adaptations
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Data from: The microbiota of diapause: how host-microbe associations are formed after dormancy in an aquatic crustacean
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Data from: Predicting evolution in response to climate change: the example of sprouting probability in three dormancy-prone orchid species
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Data from: Pleiotropy in the wild: the dormancy gene DOG1 exerts cascading control on life-cycles
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Data from: Disentangling direct and indirect fitness effects of microbial dormancy
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Data from: Maternal environment affects the genetic basis of seed dormancy in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Effects of primary seed dormancy on life-time fitness of Arabidopsis thaliana in the field
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A quantitative analysis of primary dormancy and dormancy changes during burial in seeds of Brassica napus
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