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611 results for “eastern North America”
Data from: Lecanora caperatica (Lecanoraceae, lichenized ascomycetes) a new sorediate species widespread in eastern North America
Lecanora caperatica is described based on collections from throughout temperate eastern North America. It is a crustose sorediate species in the L. subfusca group which has pulcaris-type apothecia, and produces atranorin and caperatic acid often with accessory roccellic/angardianic acid. The species is chemically similar to the European L. mugosphagneti which differs in ecology, thallus morphology and in having albella-type apothecia. The generic placement of L. caperatica, and its affinity to the L. subfusca group, are confirmed by molecular phylogenetic analysis.
Data from: Patterns of biodiverse, understudied groups do not mirror those of the surrogate groups that set conservation priorities: a case study from the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain of eastern North America
We conducted biodiversity inventories of lichens, woody plants, and sedges at 32 sites on the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain of eastern North America between November 2012 and June 2015. Each site comprised a single, uniform habitat, and sites were classified as: Coastal Plain Floodplain forest, Coastal Plain Flatwood swamp, Coastal Plain Oak-Pine forest, Maritime forest, Mixed Mesic Hardwood forest, or Tidal forest. We compared alpha diversity and community assemblages of each organismal group across the sites, and compared selected minimal reserve sets in order to visualize biodiversity patterns and assess whether specific components of vascular plants (sedges and woody plants) serve as an effective surrogate for lichens. Woody plants provide a direct substrate for lichen growth, but there was no significant correlation between the alpha diversity of these groups. For conserving maximal species richness among the studied groups, lichens outperformed the sedges and woody plants as the better surrogate group for building minimum reserve sets, even though vascular plants are more commonly used as a surrogate. Likewise, sedge alpha diversity was not correlated with lichens, or with woody plants. Although no group was an effective indicator for high alpha diversity sites of other organisms, a significant correlation between the community assemblages of lichens and woody plants suggests that protecting varied types of plant communities might serve as a workable surrogate for protecting lichens. The lack of congruence between species richness patterns across organismal groups suggests that the mechanisms that shape patterns of diversity are not identical, and that identifying and incorporating specific biodiversity indicators for understudied groups into conservation policy is necessary to ensure their protection.
Foliar endophyte diversity in eastern Asia-eastern North America disjunct tree species – Influences of host identity, environment, phylogeny, and geographic isolation
<p><span>The well-known eastern Asia (EA) and eastern North America (ENA) floristic disjunction provides a unique system for biogeographic and evolutionary studies. Despite considerable interest in the disjunction, few studies have investigated the patterns and their underlying drivers of allopatric divergence in sister species or clades isolated in the two areas. Endophyte diversity and assembly in disjunct sister taxa, as an ecological trait, may have played an important role in the processes of allopatric evolution, but no studies have examined endophytes in these disjunct lineages. In this study, we compared foliar endophytes (including both fungi and bacteria) in 17 EA-ENA disjunct species pairs from genera representing conifers and major clades of angiosperms, as well as 23 species of </span><em>Cornus</em> from the US and China. We sequenced the ITS of fungi and 16S rDNA of bacteria to understand the composition of the endophyte community and gain insights into the relative roles of geographic isolation, host identity, phylogeny, and environment in shaping endophytic diversity patterns. We detected a much richer fungal than bacterial community in leaves of all species. Beta diversity varied greatly among individuals within species, between species, among genera, and among three natural environmental conditions. Based on a principal coordinates analysis, we found no close clustering of endophyte communities in samples from the same host plant species, from the same genus, or from the same geographic origin (i.e. EA or ENA) (when plants were grown in the same common garden), but we did detect clustering of samples from plants grown in the same environment (i.e., same geographic location). We observed separation of microbes in plant samples of the same species grown in different locations/environments. However, pooled samples across all species from the common garden with the same geographic origin (EA vs. ENA) showed a moderate level of dissimilarity in fungal endophytes between EA and ENA. An overall significant correlation between endophyte community dissimilarity and phylogenetic distance was detected among the disjunct genera but not among species of <em>Cornus</em>. However, significant correlation between order, family, and genera of endophytes and phylogenetic distance of Cornus species was observed. We also found no significant differences in Foliar Endophytic Fungal (FEF) communities between counterparts of disjunct species pairs in EA and ENA in most genera except in <em>Liriodendron</em> and <em>Cornus</em>, although the beta diversity within genera is high. Our results suggest important roles of host identity and environment (geographic locations), and a likely minor role of phylogenetic divergence and biogeographic isolation in shaping the pattern of foliar endophyte diversity and assembly in the EA-ENA disjunct genera, as well as in <em>Cornus</em>. The results further suggest that the sister taxa in EA and ENA are likely different in their foliar endophyte composition when growing in their native habitats due to differences in geographic locations and local environments, which is potentially a factor driving allopatric divergence of species functional features. This hypothesis can be tested by analysis of samples from native habitats.</p>
Data repository for "Climate change increases the severity and duration of soil water stress in the temperate forest of eastern North America"
<p>Dataset provided for publication in Frontiers in Forests and Global Change : "Climate change increases the severity and duration of soil water stress in the temperate forest of eastern North America".</p>
Mycorrhizal colonization and root diameter of native and invasive plants of eastern North America
<p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization (total and arbuscules) were measured in roots of 10 species of eastern North American woody plants. Five were non-native invasive and 5 were native species. Roots were collected from ingrowth cores over three harvests during a single season, from a common garden. Diameter was estimated from published root density and specific root length values for each species.</p>
Population genetics and biogeography of the lungwort lichen in North America support distinct Eastern and Western gene pools
<p>Populations of species with large spatial distributions are shaped by complex forces that differ throughout their ranges. To maintain the genetic diversity of species, genepool-based subsets of widespread species must be considered in conservation assessments. In this study, the population genetics of the lichenized fungus Lobaria pulmonaria and its algal partner, Symbiochloris reticulata , were investigated to determine population structure, genetic diversity, and degree of congruency in eastern and western North America. Data loggers measuring temperature and humidity were deployed at selected populations in eastern North America to test for climatic adaptation. To better understand the role Pleistocene glaciations played in shaping population patterns, a North American, range-wide species distribution model was constructed and hindcast to 22,000 years before present and at 500-year time slices from then to the present. The presence of two gene pools with minimal admixture was supported, one in the Pacific Northwest and one in eastern North America. Western populations were significantly more genetically diverse than eastern populations. There was no evidence for climatic adaptation among eastern populations, though there was evidence for range-wide adaptation to evapotranspiration rates. Hindcast distribution models suggest that observed genetic diversity may be due to a drastic Pleistocene range restriction in eastern North America, whereas a substantial coastal refugial area is inferred in the west. Taken together the results show different, complex population histories of L. pulmonaria in eastern and western North America, and suggest that conservation planning for each gene pool should be considered separately.</p>
Figure 12. Neostenoptera appalachiensis female abdominal segments 8–10 in A new species of Neostenoptera (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Winnertziinae) from eastern North America
Figure 12. Neostenoptera appalachiensis female abdominal segments 8–10, lateral view.
Figure 1 in A new species of Neostenoptera (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Winnertziinae) from eastern North America
Figure 1. Neostenoptera appalachiensis, female, lateral view.
Data: Annual-Cycle Movements and Phenology of Black Scoters in Eastern North America
<p>This data file consists of R code and associated data files used to analyze movements of black scoters in Eastern North America and is associated with the manuscript "Annual-Cycle Movements and Phenology of Black Scoters in Eastern North America" published in Journal of Wildlife Management.</p> <p>***</p> <p>blsc.csv (main datafile) contains state-space model-derived locations and individual data. Columns are organized as follows:</p> <p>id - unique identifier</p> <p>date - date of location (mm/dd/yy)</p> <p>jday - Julian date of location</p> <p>year - calendar year of location</p> <p>lon - longitude of location</p> <p>lat - latitude of location</p> <p>b - average assignment of location to either migrant (1) or resident (2) across all runs of the state-space model</p> <p>b.5 - most probable behavioral category based on average state assignment (1 = b ≤ 1.5 ; 2 = b > 1.5)</p> <p>sex - sex of individual (M = male, F = female)</p> <p>age_y1 - age of individual (HY = hatch year, SY = second year, TY = third year, ASY = after second year, ATY = after third year, AHY = after hatch year</p> <p>capture_reg - general area where individual was captured</p> <p>capture_subreg - specific region within capture region where individual was captured</p> <p>stage - period of the annual cycle to which the centroid belongs (W = winter, B = breeding, S = spring staging, M = fall staging and molt, WM = winter migration, BM = breeding migration, MM = molt migration, SM = spring migration)</p> <p>site - position of centroid within season (i.e., W1 = first site occupied during winter, W2 = second site occupied, etc.)</p> <p>cycle - number of annual cycles following transmitter attachment (1 = first cycle after attachment, 2 = second cycle after attachment, etc.)</p> <p>season - season of annual cycle in which centroid occurred (W = winter, F = fall, B = breeding, S = spring</p> <p>***</p> <p>ind_vars.csv contains additional information on individual capture seasons and dates. Columns are as defined above with additional columns as follows:</p> <p>tagging_season - season in which bird was captured and fitted with PTT (W = winter, S = spring)</p> <p>tagging_date - date on which bird was captured and fitted with PTT</p> <p>***</p> <p>all_seasons2.csv contains calculated values for between-year distances. Columns are as defined above with additional columns as follows:</p> <p>sex - AVG = average of all sites used by all other individuals in the following year, M = sites used by same individual in the following year (male), F = sites used by same individual in the following year (female)</p> <p>min_same = distance between sites used in subsequent years</p>
Figure 15 in Two new species of Batrisodes Reitter (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) from eastern North America
Figure 15. Batrisodes dorothae male, stereo pair, head and pronotum. Micro-CT capture.
Figure 13 in Two new species of Batrisodes Reitter (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) from eastern North America
Figure 13. Batrisodes dorothae male, stereo pair, lateral head. Micro-CT capture.
Figure 12 in Two new species of Batrisodes Reitter (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) from eastern North America
Figure 12. Batrisodes dorothae male, stereo pair, head in three-quarter view. Micro-CT capture.
Figure 14 in Two new species of Batrisodes Reitter (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) from eastern North America
Figure 14. Batrisodes dorothae male, stereo pair, underside of head. Micro-CT capture.
Figure 11 in Two new species of Batrisodes Reitter (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) from eastern North America
Figure 11. Batrisodes dorothae male, stereo pair, frontal view. Micro-CT capture.
Figure 17 in Two new species of Batrisodes Reitter (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) from eastern North America
Figure 17. Batrisodes dorothae male, stereo pair, head, internal view. Micro-CT capture.
Figure 19 in Two new species of Batrisodes Reitter (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) from eastern North America
Figure 19. Batrisodes dorothae male, stereo pair, head, internal view, lateral. Micro-CT capture.
Figure 16 in Two new species of Batrisodes Reitter (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) from eastern North America
Figure 16. Batrisodes dorothae male, stereo pair, ventral view. Micro-CT capture.
FIGURE 27 in Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. (Parasitengona: Torrenticolidae), a three-spotted water mite from eastern North America: taxonomic history, species delimitation, and survey of external morphology
FIGURE 27: Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. commensals (LT-SEM): A – diatoms (Cocconeis placentula Ehrenberg, 1838) covering dorsum; B – close-up of C. placentula covering T. trimaculata dorsum; C – bacteria covering body, especially within depressions.
FIGURE 23 in Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. (Parasitengona: Torrenticolidae), a three-spotted water mite from eastern North America: taxonomic history, species delimitation, and survey of external morphology
FIGURE 23: Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. venter (LT-SEM; female depicted): coxal glandularia (Cxgl); excretory pore (ep); ventral glandularia (Vgl): and area of primary (1°) and secondary (2°) sclerotization.
FIGURE 24 in Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. (Parasitengona: Torrenticolidae), a three-spotted water mite from eastern North America: taxonomic history, species delimitation, and survey of external morphology
FIGURE 24: Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. ventral posterior (LT-SEM): A – posterior area of secondary sclerotization (2°) depicting vestigial ventral glandularium 1 (Vgl-1), ventral glandularia 2 (Vgl-2), and excretory pore (ep); B – close-up of excretory pore; C – genital plates, note rim of setae surrounding each plate.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.