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281 results for “ecosystem diversity”
Figure 1 in The ichthyofaunal diversity of freshwater ecosystems in Gökçeada Island (NW Turkey) under the pressure of nonnative species
Figure 1. Map of Gökçeada Island with sampling sites.
Figure 6 in Density, diversity, and seasonal fluctuations in soil Collembola in three differently managed ecosystems in North Khorasan, Iran
Figure 6. Seasonal changes in density (individuals per m2) of Collembola in different ecosystems.
Figure 7 in Density, diversity, and seasonal fluctuations in soil Collembola in three differently managed ecosystems in North Khorasan, Iran
Figure 7. Seasonal changes in Diversity (H´) of Collembola in different ecosystems.
Fig. 5 in Herpetofauna diversity in Zamrud National Park, Indonesia: baseline checklist for a Sumatra peat swamp forest ecosystem
Fig. 5. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the distribution of herpetofauna species.
Fig. 2 in Herpetofauna diversity in Zamrud National Park, Indonesia: baseline checklist for a Sumatra peat swamp forest ecosystem
Fig. 2. Locations of the survey sites in Zamrud National Park.
Fig. 1 in Herpetofauna diversity in Zamrud National Park, Indonesia: baseline checklist for a Sumatra peat swamp forest ecosystem
Fig. 1. Peat swamp forest in Zamrud National Park.
Data from: Plant diversity and density predict belowground diversity and function in an early successional alpine ecosystem
Despite decades of interest, few studies have provided evidence supporting theoretical expectations for coupled relationships between aboveground and belowground diversity and ecosystem functioning in non-manipulated naturalecosystems. We characterized plant species richness and density, soil bacterial, fungal and eukaryotic species richness and phylogenetic diversity (using 16S, ITS, and 18S gene sequencing), and ecosystem function (levels of soil C and N, and rates of microbial enzyme activities) along a natural gradient in plant richness and density in high-elevation, C-deficient soils to examine the coupling between above- and belowground systems. Overall, we observed a strong positive relationship between aboveground (plant richness and density) and belowground (bacteria, fungi, and non-fungal eukaryotes) richness. In addition to the correlations between plants and soil communities, C and N pools, and rates of enzyme activities increased as plant and soil communities became richer and more diverse. Our results suggest that the theoretically expected positive correlation between above- and belowground communities does exist in natural systems, but may be undetectable in late successional ecosystems due to the buildup of legacy organic matter that results in extremely complex belowground communities. In contrast, microbial communities in early successional systems, such as the system described here, are more directly dependent on contemporary inputs from plants and therefore are strongly correlated with plant diversity and density.
The diversity of mycorrhiza-associated fungi and trees shape subtropical mountain forest ecosystem functioning
<p><span><strong>Aim</strong>: </span><span>Mycorrhiza play key roles in ecosystem structure and functioning in forests. However, how different mycorrhizal types influence mountain forest biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships is largely unknown. We evaluate how the diversity of distinct mycorrhiza-associated fungi and trees shape forest carbon storage along elevational gradients.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Location</strong>:</span><span> Gaoligong Mountains within Hengduan Mountains, Southwest China. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Taxon</strong>: </span><span>Seed plants and mycorrhizal fungi.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Methods</strong>: </span><span>We used the data from 31 subtropical forest plots along elevational gradients on two aspects (east and west) of the mountain. We quantified species richness of trees and symbiotic fungi and assigned both to their mycorrhizal type (arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), ectomycorrhiza (EcM) and ericoid mycorrhiza (ErM)). We then examined the diversity effects of mycorrhiza-associated fungi and trees on above-ground carbon stored in trees and organic carbon stored in soils. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Results</strong>:</span><span> Species richness was highest for AM trees (79.5%), followed by ErM trees (13.4%) and then EcM trees (7.1%). Species richness of AM-associated trees and fungi decreased with increasing elevation, while ErM-associated trees and fungi showed an opposite trend. EcM-associated diversity followed a hump-shaped relationship with elevation. Positive relationships between diversity and above-ground carbon were detected in all three mycorrhizal associations, but despite low species number, canopy-dominating EcM trees comprised 64.4% of the amount of above-ground carbon. Furthermore, community-weighted means of height exhibited positive correlations with forest above-ground carbon, indicating that positive selection effects occur. Soil organic carbon was positively related to EcM-associated fungi diversity, above-ground carbon mass and soil nitrogen availability, with the latter having the strongest direct effects. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Main</strong> <strong>conclusions</strong>: </span><span>The distributions of forest biodiversity and carbon storage can be modulated by distinct mycorrhizal fungi and trees. Moreover, future global changes (e.g., climate warming, intensifying nitrogen deposition) could alter the mycorrhizal-mediated biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in mountain forests.</span></p>
Soil biota diversity and plant diversity both contributed to ecosystem stability in grasslands
<p><span>Understanding the effects of diversity on ecosystem stability in the context of global change has </span><span>become</span><span> an important goal of recent ecological research. </span><span>How</span><span>ever,</span><span> the </span><span>effects of </span><span>diversity at multiple scales and trophic levels </span><span>on</span><span> ecosystem stability across environmental gradients </span><span>remain</span><span> unclear. Here, we conducted a field survey of α-, β-, and γ-diversity of plants and soil biota (bacteria, fungi, and nematodes) and estimated </span><span>the </span><span>temporal ecosystem stability of </span><span>NDVI</span> <span>in</span><span> 132 plots on the Mongolian Plateau. After climate and soil environmental variables were controlled for, both the α- and β-diversity of plants and soil biota (mainly via nematodes) together with precipitation explained most variation in ecosystem stability. These findings evidence that the diversity of both soil biota and plants </span><span>contribute</span><span>s</span><span> to ecosystem stability</span><span>. Model</span><span> predictions of</span> <span>the</span><span> future effects of global changes on terrestrial ecosystem stability will require field observations of diversity of both </span><span>plants</span><span> and soil biota.</span></p>
Data from: Quantifying interspecific and intraspecific diversity effects on ecosystem functioning
<p>Rapid environmental changes result in massive biodiversity loss with detrimental consequences for the functioning of ecosystems. Recent studies suggest that intraspecific diversity can contribute to ecosystem functioning to an extent comparable to contributions of interspecific diversity. Knowledge of the relative importance of these two sources of biodiversity is essential for predicting ecosystem consequences of biodiversity loss and will aid prioritization of conservation targets and implementation of management measures. However, our quantitative insights into how interspecific and intraspecific biodiversity loss affects ecosystem functioning, and how the effects of these two sources of biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning can be compared are still very limited. To facilitate this goal, we extend the interspecific Price partitioning method originally introduced by J. Fox in 2006, previously used to quantify species loss and gain effects on ecosystem functioning, to also account for the effects of intraspecific diversity loss and gain on ecosystem function. Using this extended version can provide the quantitative information required for answering research questions addressing correlations between interspecific and intraspecific diversity effects on ecosystem function, identifying interspecific and intraspecific groups with large effects, and assessing whether intraspecific diversity can compensate for losses in interspecific diversity. Applying this method to carefully designed experiments will provide additional insights into how biodiversity loss at different ecological levels contributes to and changes ecosystem functioning.</p>
Diversity and identity of economics traits determine the extent of tree mixture effects on ecosystem productivity
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The diversity of mycorrhiza-associated fungi and trees shape subtropical mountain forest ecosystem functioning
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Phylogenetic data for: High diversity of new and known Phytophthora species from phylogenetic Clade 10 in natural ecosystems of Asia, Europe and the Americas
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Data from: Ecosystem context illuminates conflicting roles of plant diversity in carbon storage
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Data from: Herbivory enhances the diversity of primary producers in pond ecosystems
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Data from: Contrasting impacts of nitrogen enrichment on soil nematode diversity in natural and managed ecosystems
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Behavioural complementarity among frugivorous birds and lizards can promote plant diversity in island ecosystems
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Range-extending tropical herbivores increase diversity, intensity and extent of herbivory functions in temperate marine ecosystems
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Tree diversity across multiple scales and environmental heterogeneity promote ecosystem multifunctionality in a large temperate forest region
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Diverse host-parasite interactions mediate seasonal ecosystem linkages
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.