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141 results for “ecosystem dynamics”
Supplementary material 4 from: Schmidt M, Lischeid G, Nendel C (2018) Data on and methodology for measurements of microclimate and matter dynamics in transition zones between forest and adjacent arable land. One Ecosystem 3: e24295. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.3.e24295
Explanation of header and data: Site is either west-facing or east-facing site (see "Measurement site"); Dist is the distance from the zero line (edge) to the forest interior in m, 0 is the zero line; Tree number refers to a unique tree (number) in the plot (letter); Perimeter is measured at 1.30 m from the ground and is given in cm; BHD is derived from the perimeter and given in cm; Height is the measured height of the trees in m.
Supplementary material 6 from: Schmidt M, Lischeid G, Nendel C (2018) Data on and methodology for measurements of microclimate and matter dynamics in transition zones between forest and adjacent arable land. One Ecosystem 3: e24295. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.3.e24295
Explanation of header and data: Site is either west-facing or east-facing (see "Measurement site"); DistToEdge is the distance to the zero line (edge) in m, negative values are in the forest, positive values are in the arable land, zero is the edge; Repetition is the number of repetitions in the lab; Depth is measured in cm and is the depth of soil sampling ±3 cm; Ctot is the percentage (%) of total soil carbon content in the tested soil sample; Ntot is the percentage (%) of total soil nitrogen content in the tested soil sample and pH is the numeric scale to specify the acidity or basicity of the soil sample in solution.
Supplementary material 2 from: Schmidt M, Lischeid G, Nendel C (2018) Data on and methodology for measurements of microclimate and matter dynamics in transition zones between forest and adjacent arable land. One Ecosystem 3: e24295. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.3.e24295
Measured values are indicated in the header by the variable (e.g. "SoilMoist") followed by the distance to the zero line (e.g. 30, indicated by XX in the description below). Date.Time is given as YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS; SoilMoistXX is the soil moisture given in cm3 cm-3; SoilTempXX is the soil temperature given in °C; RelHumXX is the relative humidity given as dimensionless number; AirTempXX is the air temperature in °C; AirPressXX is the barometric air pressure given in kPa; SolarRadXX is the solar radiation given in W m-2; WindAvgXX is the average wind speed given in m s-1; WindMaxXX is the maximum wind speed given in m s-1; WindDirXX is the direction of the wind given in °; PrecXX is the precipitation given in mm; DistXX is the distance to the zero line (edge), positive values are in the arable land, negative values are in the forest, zero is the edge. For more details see "Microclimate". The data was edited according to "Data converting". Timezone: Central European Time (CET).
Supplementary material 1 from: Schmidt M, Lischeid G, Nendel C (2018) Data on and methodology for measurements of microclimate and matter dynamics in transition zones between forest and adjacent arable land. One Ecosystem 3: e24295. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.3.e24295
Measured values are indicated in the header by the variable (e.g. "SoilMoist") followed by the distance to the zero line (e.g. 30, indicated by XX in the description below). Date.Time is given as YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS; SoilMoistXX is the soil moisture given in cm3 cm-3; SoilTempXX is the soil temperature given in °C; RelHumXX is the relative humidity given as dimensionless number; AirTempXX is the air temperature in °C; AirPressXX is the barometric air pressure given in kPa; SolarRadXX is the solar radiation given in W m-2; WindAvgXX is the average wind speed given in m s-1; WindMaxXX is the maximum wind speed given in m s-1; WindDirXX is the direction of the wind given in °; PrecXX is the precipitation given in mm; DistXX is the distance to the zero line (edge), positive values are in the arable land, negative values are in the forest, zero is the edge. For more details see "Microclimate". The data was edited according to "Data converting". Timezone: Central European Time (CET).
Physical controls on the spatial and temporal biogenic gas dynamics in two subtropical wetland ecosystems in Florida
<p>The spatial and temporal distribution of biogenic gas accumulation and release within peatland soils and their controls (i.e. both physical and environmental) remain highly uncertain. While several recent studies show the importance of the pore structure when defining gas dynamics, and particularly when modeling rapid gas releases (i.e. ebullition), it is unclear how different ecosystems (and particularly for subtropical systems) may show differences on such dependence. The study presented here investigates the spatial and temporal variability in biogenic gas accumulation and release in two 38-liter peat monoliths from two different wetland ecosystems in central Florida (pine flatwoods and emergent wetlands) at the laboratory scale. An array of non-invasive hydrogeophysical methods (using ground-penetrating radar, GPR) was combined with gas traps, time-lapse cameras, and direct measurements (i.e. porosity and bulk density) to explore gas content variability (i.e. build-up and release) within the peat matrix over a period of five months. The results show that specific physical soil properties for different types of wetland ecosystems play a critical role at controlling the dynamics of gas accumulation and release from peat soils. Furthermore, these differences are consistent with results on soils from other studies within similar ecosystems. This work has implications for better understanding how different types of ecosystem in subtropical systems may contribute differently to the production, accumulation, and release of greenhouse gases.</p>
Data from: Kleptoparasitism and scavenging can stabilize ecosystem dynamics
Scavenging is ubiquitous in nature and yet its implications for ecosystem dynamics have rarely been investigated. We used camera traps on wolf kills to investigate the role of scavenging on predator and multi-prey dynamics in a Northern Apennine system (Italy). In contrast to North American systems, throughout much of Eurasia, the omnivorous wild boar (Sus scrofa) successfully competes with wolves (Canis lupus) for the meat of their kills. We developed a deterministic multi-trophic web model (wolf, vegetation and two prey species, deer and wild boar), tunable through a parameter that governs the impact of prey-sharing between wolves and wild boar. When prey-sharing is absent or scarce, populations oscillate, but above a threshold value the trophic web is stabilized, with the regime solution becoming a fixed stable point. Both deer and wild boar then increase as a function of prey-sharing, and the impact of herbivores on the vegetation increases. When prey-sharing exceeds another threshold, however, the system collapses due to the extinction of both wolves and wild boar, but not of deer. Our analysis shows that scavenging is crucial for the dynamics of this ecosystem and thus, in general, it should not be overlooked in food web modelling. The exploitation of wolf kills by wild boar may allow juveniles and yearlings to obtain high quality resources that are not usually available, helping the omnivorous wild boar to compensate for losses caused by heavy hunting. This is likely to make them even more invasive and difficult to control.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of abiotic and biotic properties explain biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships
<p>There is increasing evidence that spatial and temporal dynamics of biodiversity and ecosystem functions play an essential role in biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships. Despite the known importance of soil processes for forest ecosystems, belowground functions in response to tree diversity and spatio-temporal dynamics of ecological processes and conditions remain poorly described. We propose a novel conceptual framework integrating spatio-temporal dynamics in BEF relationships and hypothesized a positive tree species richness effect on soil ecosystem functions through the spatial and temporal stability of biotic and abiotic soil properties based on species complementarity and asynchrony. We tested this framework within a long-term tree diversity experiment in Central Germany by assessing soil ecosystem functions (soil microbial properties and litter decomposition) and abiotic variables (soil moisture and surface temperature) for two consecutive years in high spatial and temporal resolution. Tree species richness and identity had significant effects on soil properties (e.g., soil microbial biomass). Structural equation modeling revealed that overall soil microbial biomass was partly explained by (a) enhanced temporal stability of soil surface temperature and (b) decreased spatial stability of soil microbial biomass. Overall, spatial stability of soil microbial properties was positively correlated with their temporal stability. These results suggest that spatio-temporal dynamics are indeed crucial determinants in BEF relationships and highlight the importance of vegetation-induced microclimatic conditions for stable provisioning of soil ecosystem functions and services.</p>
Simulation results for "Modeling the joint effects of vegetation characteristics and soil properties on ecosystem dynamics in a Panama tropical forest"
<p>This dataset is the ELM-FATES simulation outputs for the paper entitled "Modeling the joint effects of vegetation characteristics and soil properties on ecosystem dynamics in a Panama tropical forest". </p>
Data from: Complex biotic interactions drive long-term vegetation dynamics in a subarctic ecosystem
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Data from: Animals alter precipitation legacies: trophic and ecosystem engineering effects on plant community temporal dynamics
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Data from: Damming, lost connectivity and the historical role of anadromous fish in freshwater ecosystem dynamics
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Data from: Historical dynamics of ecosystem services bundles
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Data from: Pinus ponderosa alters nitrogen dynamics and diminishes the climate footprint in natural ecosystems of Patagonia
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Data from: Kleptoparasitism and scavenging can stabilize ecosystem dynamics
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Spatio-temporal dynamics of abiotic and biotic properties explain biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships
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Data from: Divergent plant–soil feedbacks could alter future elevation ranges and ecosystem dynamics
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Dissolved organic carbon dynamics in an urban desert stream ecosystem in central Arizona-Phoenix: site locations
Variation in stream chemistry is a function of the strength of terrestrial-aquatic linkages, the extent to which surface and groundwater exchanges, and the rate of instream biotic processes. The importance of these variables may fluctuate as a function of climate regime, catchment geomorphology, or level of human impact. A mechanistic understanding of the influence of each of these variables on ecosystem functioning will increase understanding of the role of streams in global nutrient and carbon cycles. Of particular interest is dissolved organic carbon (DOC), an important source of carbon and energy for microbial processes. Respiration by heterotrophic bacterial communities has recently been linked to the quality (ability of microbes to utilize C source) of the DOC pool in streams. DOC not only influences stream nutrient supply, but also the transport of contaminants and the attenuation of UV radiation. This dissertation focused on DOC delivery to two arid-land stream ecosystems, one native desert (Sycamore Creek, AZ), and one urban (Phoenix, AZ). The overall objectives of this work were to (1) document patterns in DOC quantity and chemical composition in response to flooding and groundwater exchange, (2) generate and test hypotheses explaining variation in DOC quantity and quality and (3) relate this variation to microbial activity. In the native desert stream ecosystem, the climate regime influenced seasonal variation in the quantity and quality of DOC inputs, with higher complexity and higher concentrations of DOC in summer monsoonal runoff. In contrast, human alteration of geomorphology and hydrologic flowpaths in the Phoenix metropolitan area significantly influenced streamwater chemistry in comparison to low-impact streams in the Sonoran Desert. In the city, mechanisms of nutrient retention and transformation were often shifted from dominance by biotic to abiotic ones, severely dampening the influence of climate regime and substituting instead the maintenance
Soil organic matter responses to nutrient enrichment in the Nutrient Network:Nutrient Network. A cross-site investigation of bottom-up control over herbaceous plant community dynamics and ecosystem function.
This experiment is one implementation of a globally distributed experiment, known as the Nutrient Network. At Cedar Creek, as in over 70 other sites in grasslands around the world, the experiment aims to describe impacts of increased nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and other metals) and decreased herbivory (removal of mammals by fencing). Two overarching questions are being explored with these manipulations: 1. To what extent are plant production and diversity co-limited by multiple nutrients in herbaceous-dominated communities? 2. Under what conditions do grazers or fertilization control plant biomass, diversity, and composition? By utilizing identical protocols at diverse grassland sites around the world, NutNet aims to uncover both the generalities in ecosystem functioning, and the contingencies or differences which can obscure those common mechanisms. In addition to the standard NutNet protocol, e247 includes an additional low Nitrogen gradient (1 gram Nitrogen per meter squared per year and 5 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year in addition to the standard 10 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year).
Soil nutrient analysis:Nutrient Network. A cross-site investigation of bottom-up control over herbaceous plant community dynamics and ecosystem function.
This experiment is one implementation of a globally distributed experiment, known as the Nutrient Network. At Cedar Creek, as in over 70 other sites in grasslands around the world, the experiment aims to describe impacts of increased nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and other metals) and decreased herbivory (removal of mammals by fencing). Two overarching questions are being explored with these manipulations: 1. To what extent are plant production and diversity co-limited by multiple nutrients in herbaceous-dominated communities? 2. Under what conditions do grazers or fertilization control plant biomass, diversity, and composition? By utilizing identical protocols at diverse grassland sites around the world, NutNet aims to uncover both the generalities in ecosystem functioning, and the contingencies or differences which can obscure those common mechanisms. In addition to the standard NutNet protocol, e247 includes an additional low Nitrogen gradient (1 gram Nitrogen per meter squared per year and 5 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year in addition to the standard 10 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year).
Data from: Alpha and beta diversity of connected benthic–subsurface invertebrate communities respond to drying in dynamic river ecosystems
Drying disturbances are the primary determinant of aquatic community biodiversity in dynamic river ecosystems. Research exploring how communities respond to disturbance has focused on benthic invertebrates in surface sediments, inadequately representing a connected community that extends into the subsurface. We compared subsurface and benthic invertebrate responses to drying, to identify common and context-dependent spatial patterns. We characterized community composition, alpha diversity and beta diversity across a gradient of drying duration. Subsurface communities responded to drying, but these responses were typically less pronounced than those of benthic communities. Despite compositional changes and in contrast to reductions in benthic alpha diversity, the alpha diversity of subsurface communities remained stable except at long drying durations. Some primarily benthic taxa were among those whose subsurface frequency and abundance responded positively to drying. Collectively, changing composition, stable richness and taxon-specific increases in occurrence provide evidence that subsurface sediments can support persistence of invertebrate communities during drying disturbances. Beta-diversity patterns varied and no consistent patterns distinguished the total diversity, turnover or nestedness of subsurface compared to benthic communities. In response to increasing drying duration, beta diversity increased or remained stable for benthic communities, but remained stable or decreased for subsurface communities, likely reflecting contrasts in the influence of mass effects, priority effects and environmental filtering. Dissimilarity between subsurface and benthic communities remained stable or increased with drying duration, suggesting that subsurface communities maintain distinct biodiversity value while also supporting temporary influxes of benthic taxa during drying events. As temporary rivers increase in extent due to global change, we highlight that recognizing the connected communities that extend into the subsurface sediments can enable holistic understanding of ecological responses to drying, the key determinant of biodiversity in these dynamic ecosystems.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.