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144 results for “ecosystem response”
Supplementary material 2 from: Grace JB, Steiner M (2021) A protocol for modelling generalised biological responses using latent variables in structural equation models. One Ecosystem 6: e67320. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.6.e67320
A protocol for modelling generalised biological responses using latent variables in structural equation models
Data for: The photosynthetic response of spectral chlorophyll fluorescence differs across species and light environments in a boreal forest ecosystem
<p>Chlorophyll fluorescence can serve as a proxy of photosynthesis in boreal forests. When sustained non-photochemical quenching (NPQS) relaxes towards summer, leaf chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) emission increases along with photosynthesis. Yet, other physical and physiological factors can also leave a measurable imprint on the fluorescence emission spectra, and disrupt this relationship.</p> <p>We measured leaf-level spectral ChlF of Scots pine, Norway spruce and lingonberry exposed to contrasting light environments throughout the spring recovery of photosynthesis, simultaneously with a series of photosynthetic, biochemical and morphological traits. Correlations between traits and ChlF spectral components were analyzed to identify the mechanisms underlying both the spatial variation found between species and light environments, and the temporal variation found across the study period.</p> <p>Spatially, we found evidence of baseline differences in leaf-level ChlF magnitude, which we attribute to species- and light environment-specific changes in leaf morphology. Temporally, ChlF magnitude followed the relaxation of NPQS towards summer, but only in upper canopy foliage and lingonberry, suggesting a seasonal compensation effect between sustained photochemical quenching (PQS) and NPQS, potentially decoupling the seasonal relationship between ChlF and photosynthesis in shaded foliage. Finally, we show subtle changes in the shape of the ChlF spectra that took place independently of chlorophyll concentration dynamics, pointing to the complexity of NPQs which can involve structural rearrangements in the thylakoids and changes in the relative contribution of PSI to emitted ChlF.</p> <p>We conclude that the diversity of species and light environments found within an ecosystem generates a baseline level of variation in leaf spectral ChlF as well as contrasting seasonal photosynthetic acclimation patterns. These sources of variability should be taken into account when developing quantitative models for the interpretation of ChlF data, in particular for applications involving high resolution SIF imaging systems capable of resolving different plant individuals and their parts.</p>
Non-native species outperform natives in coastal marine ecosystems subjected to warming and freshening events - A meta-analysis of coastal marine native and non-native species responses to experimentally manipulated climatic events
<p><b>Aims</b>: Contemporary climate change and biological invasions are two main drivers of biodiversity redistribution. Interactive effects between these drivers have been reported in a number of study systems, yet results are conflicting. Some studies find that future climate change facilitates the spread and success of non-native species, especially those with broad physiological tolerances. Other studies conclude that non-natives are vulnerable to current and future changes in climatic conditions. Given that most studies have focused on terrestrial species, here we contribute to this debate by analysing responses of coastal native and non-native fauna and flora to key climate-related stressors namely increased temperature (warming) and decreased salinity (freshening).</p> <p><b>Location: </b>Global.</p> <p><b>Time period: </b>2002 – 2019.</p> <p><b>Major taxa studied: </b>Marine benthic<b> </b>macrophytes and invertebrates.</p> <p><b>Methods</b>: We conducted a meta-analysis of results from experiments investigating the performance (e.g., growth, survival and reproduction) of sessile and sedentary species from benthic marine communities to warming and freshening.</p> <p><b>Results</b>: We found evidence of positive responses to elevated temperature across a range of biological processes on non-native species, whereas the performance of native species declined. Similarly, decreased salinity negatively affected the biological processes of native species, but non-natives<span> showed no positive or negative overall response to freshening</span>.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions:</b> Our study showed that non-native species outperform natives under a wide variety of warming and freshening conditions. The growth and reproduction of non-natives are enhanced by warmer temperatures, and thus ocean warming is expected to facilitate future spread and success of non-native species. Increased freshening, however, <span>will likely have a negative impact in the future in both native and non-native species and thus is expected to be a driver of significant change in coastal marine ecosystems. Our</span> comprehensive literature search revealed the need of more <span>studies </span>focusing on s<span>alinity changes and highlighted the need to expand our understanding of climate change drivers beyond warming.</span></p>
Nonlinear responses of ecosystem carbon fluxes to nitrogen deposition in an old-growth boreal forest
<p>Nitrogen (N) deposition is known to increase carbon (C) sequestration in N-limited boreal forests. However, the long-term effects of N deposition on ecosystem carbon fluxes have been rarely investigated in old-growth boreal forests. Here we show that decade-long experimental N additions significantly stimulated net primary production (NPP) but the effect decreased with increasing N loads. The effect on soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh) shifted from a stimulation at low-level N additions to an inhibition at higher levels of N additions. Consequently, low-level N additions resulted in a neutral effect on net ecosystem productivity (NEP), due to a comparable stimulating effect on NPP and Rh, while NEP was increased by high-level N additions. Moreover, we found nonlinear temporal responses of NPP, Rh and NEP to low-level N additions. Our findings imply that actual N deposition in boreal forests likely exerts a minor contribution to their soil C storage.</p>
Tree community composition stabilizes ecosystem functions in response to drought
In summer 2018, Central Europe was hit by an extreme drought event that widely impacted ecosystems and markedly increased tree mortality in forest ecosystems across the continent. As climate models predict an increase in frequency and severity of such events, there is an urgent need to adapt forests in order to maintain the diverse benefits they provide. Soil processes play an essential role in this context and are key for a plethora of terrestrial ecosystem functions but are strongly dependent on water availability. Here we investigated how tree species richness, composition, and identity in a 13-year-old temperate tree diversity experiment influenced selected ecosystem functions (as important representatives of different ecosystem processes) during the 2018 summer drought. We focused on the stability of soil microbial biomass and standard litter decomposition, as well as tree species-specific mortality rates. Contrary to our expectations, tree species richness did not generally increase the resistance of soil functions and decrease tree mortality rates. However, the resistance of these functions was determined by tree species identity and community composition. For the resistance of both soil functions (microbial biomass and litter decomposition), we found that tree species richness effects depended on the presence of certain tree species. Moreover, we found that the performance of a specific tree species in monoculture, Norway Spruce, was a poor predictor of its response to drought in tree species mixtures. Taken together, the results of our study demonstrate that the species composition of tree stands determines tree mortality and the resistance of soil functions under drought. This indicates that enhancing multiple ecosystem functions under environmental disturbance requires maintaining diverse forests.
Response of ecosystem productivity to high vapor pressure deficit and low soil moisture: lessons learned from the global eddy-covariance observations
<p>The generated datasets for conducting the analysis are available from the dataset of the FLUXNET2015 Tier one (https://fluxnet.org/data/download-data/), the AmeriFlux ONEFlux (https://ameriflux.lbl.gov/data/download-data/), and the ICOS Drought-2018 (https://www.icos-cp.eu/data-products/YVR0-4898). The FLUXNET2015 Tier one, the AmeriFlux, and the ICOS are all licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY-4.0) (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a>).</p>
Dataset of manuscript "Divergent responses of soil bacterial and fungal communities to climate warming in an alpine tundra ecosystem"
<p>Our study conducts a translocation experiment in the alpine tundra of the Changbai Mountains to explore how climate warming will affect soil bacterial and fungal communities in the alpine tundra and what are the underlying ecological mechanisms for their potential community changes. Soil samples (n = 24) were respectively collected during the early growing season (June 5, EGS), peak growing season (July 30, PGS), and late growing season (September 20, LGS) of 2021. The uploaded data contains the soil properties and OTU abundance measurements for these soil samples, as well as air and soil temperature from June 1, 2020 to September 15, 2021. </p>
Data from: Retrospective stable isotope analysis reveals ecosystem responses to river regulation over the last century
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Data from: Contrasting plant water-use responses to groundwater depth in coastal dune ecosystems
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Mass ratio effects underlie ecosystem responses to environmental change
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Data from: Response of stream ecosystem function and structure to sediment metal: context-dependency and variation among endpoints
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Data from: Convergence in resource use efficiency across trees with differing hydraulic strategies in response to ecosystem precipitation manipulation
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Data from: Response of subtropical submarine-cave ecosystem to Holocene cave development and Asian monsoon variability
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Data from: Patterns and thresholds of grazing-induced changes in community structure and ecosystem functioning: species-level responses and the critical role of species traits
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Data from: Mass ratio effects underlie ecosystem responses to environmental change
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Nonlinear responses of ecosystem carbon fluxes to nitrogen deposition in an old-growth boreal forest
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Mass ratio effects underlie ecosystem responses to environmental change
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Data from: Recognizing cross-ecosystem responses to changing temperatures: soil warming impacts pelagic food webs
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Non-native species outperform natives in coastal marine ecosystems subjected to warming and freshening events - A meta-analysis of coastal marine native and non-native species responses to experimentally manipulated climatic events
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Data for: The photosynthetic response of spectral chlorophyll fluorescence differs across species and light environments in a boreal forest ecosystem
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.