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FIGURE 5 in The Cheilosia canicularis group (Diptera: Syrphidae): species delimitation and evolutionary relationships based on wing geometric morphometrics

FIGURE 5. Scatterplot of individual scores from the CVA showing shape differentiation between A) male, and B) female individuals of C. canicularis and C. himantopus. The amount of variation explained by each axis is in parentheses.

FIGURE 8 in The Cheilosia canicularis group (Diptera: Syrphidae): species delimitation and evolutionary relationships based on wing geometric morphometrics

FIGURE 8. Thin-plate spline reconstruction representing negative and positive deformations of mean shape between genders along the CV1 axis. Deformation grids are exaggerated × 3. Numbers in the deformation grids refer to landmarks shown in figure 2.

FIGURE 1 in The Cheilosia canicularis group (Diptera: Syrphidae): species delimitation and evolutionary relationships based on wing geometric morphometrics

FIGURE 1. Map of the Balkan Peninsula. Origin of the analysed populations: 1. Eastern Alps (Slovenia, SLO; E 13º30'–14º40', N 46º15'); 2. Fruška Gora Mt (Serbia, FG; E 19º50', N 45º10'); 3. Homoljske planine Mt (Serbia, HPL; E 21º55', N 44º22'); 4. Kopaonik Mt (Serbia, KOP; E 20º40', N 43º15'); 5. Durmitor Mt (Montenegro, DUR; E 19º00', N 43º11'); 6. Jahorina Mt (Bosnia and Herzegovina, BIH; E 18º35', N 43º43').

FIGURE 9 in The Cheilosia canicularis group (Diptera: Syrphidae): species delimitation and evolutionary relationships based on wing geometric morphometrics

FIGURE 9. UPGMA phenogram based on the squared Mahalanobis distances of populations of the C. canicularis group.

FIGURE 7 in The Cheilosia canicularis group (Diptera: Syrphidae): species delimitation and evolutionary relationships based on wing geometric morphometrics

FIGURE 7. Scatterplot of individual scores from the CVA showing shape differentiation between sexes of species of the C. canicularis group. The amount of variation explained by each axis is in parentheses.

FIGURE 3 in The Cheilosia canicularis group (Diptera: Syrphidae): species delimitation and evolutionary relationships based on wing geometric morphometrics

FIGURE 3. Boxplot of centroid size of populations of the C. canicularis group with the mean, standard error and standard deviation illustrating intra- and interspecific variation in wing size.

FIGURE 4 in The Cheilosia canicularis group (Diptera: Syrphidae): species delimitation and evolutionary relationships based on wing geometric morphometrics

FIGURE 4. Scatterplot of individual scores from the CVA showing shape differentiation between species of the C. canicularis group. The amount of variation explained by each axis is in parentheses.

FIGURE 6. Evolutionary relationships between Allobates sumtuosus and 15 in An integrative appraisal of the diagnosis and distribution of Allobates sumtuosus (Morales, 2002) (Anura, Aromobatidae)

FIGURE 6. Evolutionary relationships between Allobates sumtuosus and 15 Allobates species distributed in Brazil and in the Guiana Shield region inferred from a maximum likelihood analysis on sequences of 16S rDNA. Samples belonging to typical and putative A. sumtuosus are highlighted in gray. Clade labels indicate support values from 5000 bootstrap replicates (only values above 70 are shown). Except when noted within parenthesis, sequences proceeded from samples collected at the referred type locality of each species. Due to differences in the length of sequences obtained from GenBank, positions with less than 95% site coverage (> 5% of sequences missing data for that position) were eliminated. A total of 346 positions were used in the final dataset.

Figure 5 in Evolutionary relationships among American mud crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthoidea) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial markers, with comments on adult morphology

Figure 5. Ventral view of the anterior portion of the thoracic sternum. A, Panopeus herbstii (ULLZ 8457); B, Rhithropanopeus harrisii (ULLZ 3995); C, Pseudorhombila quadridentata (ULLZ 9326); D, Chacellus filiformis (ULLZ 12296). Lines in A indicate the length and width dimensions of the anterior portion of the thoracic sternum.

Figure 4 in Evolutionary relationships among American mud crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthoidea) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial markers, with comments on adult morphology

Figure 4. Apex of the first gonopod (first male pleopod). A, Pseudorhombila quadridentata (ULLZ 9326); B, Chacellus filiformis (ULLZ 12296); C, Panopeus herbstii (ULLZ 8457); D, Rhithropanopeus harrisii (ULLZ 3995). Arrows and lines indicate measurements taken for preliminary morphometric analyses of sternal proportions.

Figure 3 in Evolutionary relationships among American mud crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthoidea) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial markers, with comments on adult morphology

Figure 3. Stylized drawing of the dactylus of the 5th pereopod. A, typical American xanthid; B, typical panopeid; C, typical pseudorhombilid. Arrow indicates distinct, subterminal, calcareous tooth.

Figure 1 in Evolutionary relationships among American mud crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthoidea) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial markers, with comments on adult morphology

Figure 1. Phylogenetic relationships among selected representatives of Xanthoidea sensu Ng et al., 2008 inferred by ML analysis of 2788 bp of a concatenated 12S, 16S, COI, 18S, ENO and H3 dataset. Confidence values are 1000 bootstrap ML values followed by Bayesian posterior probabilities. Values below 50 are indicated by '–'. Brackets and associated names represent the primary clades discussed.

Figure 2 in Evolutionary relationships and systematics of Atoposauridae (Crocodylomorpha: Neosuchia): implications for the rise of Eusuchia

Figure 2. Previously recovered inter-relationships between Atoposauridae and other major crocodyliform clades: (A) Adams (2014; (B) Rogers (2003); (C) Turner & Pritchard (2015).

Figure 1 in Evolutionary relationships and systematics of Atoposauridae (Crocodylomorpha: Neosuchia): implications for the rise of Eusuchia

Figure 1. Stratigraphic ranges for taxa previously attributed to Atoposauridae. The dashed lines represent the inferred presence of lineages.

Figure 7 in Evolutionary relationships and systematics of Atoposauridae (Crocodylomorpha: Neosuchia): implications for the rise of Eusuchia

Figure 7. (A) Results of phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian inference, when all OTUs are active and selected characters are considered to be ordered (see Appendix 1). (B) Results of phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian inference, when 'Alligatorellus' sp. (MB.R.3632) and Theriosuchus sp. (NMS G. 2014.52.1 and selected characters are considered to be ordered (see Appendix 1).

Figure 6 in Evolutionary relationships and systematics of Atoposauridae (Crocodylomorpha: Neosuchia): implications for the rise of Eusuchia

Figure 6. Single most parsimonious tree for phylogenetic analysis when implied weighting is employed with a weighting exponent of k = 3. Selected characters are considered to be ordered, and no taxa were excluded a priori. Absolute Bremer support values are provided adjacent to nodes.

Figure 9 in Evolutionary relationships and systematics of Atoposauridae (Crocodylomorpha: Neosuchia): implications for the rise of Eusuchia

Figure 9. (A) Skull of the holotype of Alligatorium meyeri (MNHL 15646) in dorsal view. Synapomorphies for Atoposauridae are indicated (see text for details). (B) Skull of the paratype of Theriosuchus pusillus (NHMUK PV R48330) in dorsal view. Shared characteristics with atoposaurids are indicated (see text for details).

Figure 10 in Evolutionary relationships and systematics of Atoposauridae (Crocodylomorpha: Neosuchia): implications for the rise of Eusuchia

Figure 10. Time-scaled phylogeny showing the relationships of Atoposauridae to the other taxa analysed in the present study (based on the topology provided in Fig. 5A). Atoposauridae is marked with a red star. Created using the strap package (Bell & Lloyd, 2015), using the geoscalePhylo() function and an 'equal' time-scaling method.

Figure 11 in Evolutionary relationships and systematics of Atoposauridae (Crocodylomorpha: Neosuchia): implications for the rise of Eusuchia

Figure 11. Relative positions of the choanae with respect to the main palatal bones in a range of neosuchian taxa. Citations are given were these reconstructions are based on in-text illustrations. (A) Eutretauranosuchus delfsi (Smith et al., 2010); (B) Theriosuchus guimarotae (Schwarz & Salisbury, 2005); (C) Theriosuchus pusillus; (D) Theriosuchus sympiestodon; (E) Wannchampsus kirpachi; (F) Shamosuchus djadochtaensis (Pol et al., 2009); (G) Koumpiodontosuchus aprosdokiti (Sweetman et al., 2015); (H) Hylaeochampsa vectiana (Clark & Norell, 1992).

Figure 8 in Evolutionary relationships and systematics of Atoposauridae (Crocodylomorpha: Neosuchia): implications for the rise of Eusuchia

Figure 8. (A) Skull of the holotype of Alligatorellus beaumonti (MNHL 15639) in dorsal view. See text for details. (B) Skull of the holotype of Alligatorellus bavaricus (BSPG 1937 I 26) in dorsolateral view. Synapomorphies for Atoposauridae indicated (see text for details).