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986 results for “exchangeability”
Exchange scaling of ultrafast angular momentum transfer in 4f antiferromagnets
<p>Raw data for "Exchange scaling of ultrafast angular momentum transfer in 4f antiferromagnets"</p> <p>The h5 files are provided:<br> 1. Windsor_LnRh2Si2_2022_static.h5<br> This file provides the temperature dependences of the 4f moment, as collected from the (001) magnetic reflection (details described in the supplementary materials, section 1.1.<br> The file is divided by Ln ion, for each LnRh2Si2 material. For each material the sample temperature and the moment (normalized) are given.</p> <p>2. Windsor_LnRh2Si2_2022_dynamic.h5<br> This file provides the delay dependences of the 4f moments, as collected from the (001) magnetic reflection (details provided in the methods section). The file is divided by Ln ion, for each LnRh2Si2 material. This is further divided into datasets that correspond to different pump fluences. For each fluence the fields provided are the moment (normalized), the corresponding error (see methods), the delay, and the fluence value.</p>
No evidence that grooming is exchanged for coalitionary support in the short- or long-term via direct or generalized reciprocity in unrelated rhesus macaques
<p>Reciprocity is a prominent explanation for cooperation between non-kin. Studies seeking to demonstrate reciprocity often focus on direct reciprocity in the timescale of minutes to hours, whereas alternative mechanisms like generalised reciprocity and the possibility of reciprocation over longer timescales of months and years are less often explored. Using a playback experiment, we tested for evidence of direct and generalised reciprocity, across short and longer timescales. We examined the exchange of grooming for coalitionary support between female rhesus macaques in a population with a complete genetic pedigree. Females that received grooming were not more responsive to calls for coalitionary support from female groupmates compared to control females that received agonism or no interaction – even when the call belonged to a females' most recent grooming partner. Similarly, females were not more responsive to calls for support from their most frequent grooming partner of the last two years, nor if they received large amounts of grooming from all other females in their group. We interpret these results as an absence of evidence for direct or generalised reciprocity on any timescale in the exchange of grooming for coalitionary support in rhesus macaques. If grooming is exchanged for support in this population, it is with an intensity below our ability to detect or over a longer timescale than we examined. We propose by-product explanations may be responsible and highlight the importance of investigating multiple mechanisms when testing apparently cooperative behaviours.</p>
Experimental performance evaluation of supercritical CO2 in brazed plate heat exchangers of the tri-partite gas cooler
<p>The experimental data of three brazed plate <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/heat-exchanger">heat exchangers</a> serving as the gas coolers in a CO<sub>2</sub> system are investigated. The heat exchangers function for the DHW reheating, SH heating, and DHW preheating. The effects of the CO<sub>2</sub> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/inlet-pressure">inlet pressure</a>, CO<sub>2</sub> <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/inlet-temperature">inlet temperature</a>, CO<sub>2 </sub><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/mass-flowrate">mass flow rate</a>, water inlet temperature, and water <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/mass-flowrate">mass flow rate</a> are analyzed. The system is operated and the experimental data are collected under three modes: DHW operation, SH operation and DHW+SH operation.</p> <p>Experimental data is linked to deliverable number: D4.3.</p>
Data of complementary experiments of 'Vegetation-induced hyporheic exchange experiment in Ecoflume of St. Anthony Falls Laboratory on 2021'
<p>Complementary dye release experiments were conducted to support the results of pervious vegetation-induced hyporheic exchange experiments. This data set includes the raw data of dye release experiments with a side-looking camera and dye calibration.</p> <p><br> The data of pervious expirements have been deposited in Data Repository for University of Minnesota (https://doi.org/10.13020/W282-JJ11).</p>
Data associated with: Emergence of the physiological effects of elevated CO2 on land-atmosphere exchange of carbon and water
<p>Elevated atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> (eCO<sub>2</sub>) influences the carbon assimilation rate and stomatal conductance of plants and thereby can affect the global cycles of carbon and water. Yet, the detection of these physiological effects of eCO<sub>2</sub> in observational data remains challenging, because natural variations and confounding factors (e.g., warming) can overshadow the eCO<sub>2</sub> effects in observational data of real-world ecosystems. In this study, we aim at developing a method to detect the emergence of the physiological CO<sub>2</sub> effects on various variables related to carbon and water fluxes. We mimic the observational setting in ecosystems using a comprehensive process-based land surface model QUINCY to simulate the leaf-level effects of increasing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and their century-long propagation through the terrestrial carbon and water cycles across different climate regimes and biomes. We then develop a statistical method based on the signal-to-noise ratio to detect the emergence of the eCO<sub>2</sub> effects. The signal in gross primary production (GPP) emerges at relatively low CO<sub>2</sub> increase (Δ[CO<span>2</span>] ~ 20 ppm) where the leaf area index is relatively high. Compared to GPP, the eCO<sub>2</sub> effect causing reduced transpiration water flux (normalized to leaf area) emerges only at relatively high CO<sub>2</sub> increase (Δ[CO<sub>2</sub>] >> 40 ppm), due to the high sensitivity to climate variability and thus lower signal-to-noise ratio. In general, the response to eCO<sub>2</sub> is detectable earlier for variables of the carbon cycle than the water cycle, when plant productivity is not limited by climatic constraints, and stronger in forest-dominated rather than in grass-dominated ecosystems. Our results provide a step toward when and where we expect to detect physiological CO<sub>2</sub> effects in in-situ flux measurements, how to detect them and encourage future efforts to improve the understanding and quantification of these effects in observations of terrestrial carbon and water dynamics.</p>
Data from: Extensive admixture among karst-obligate salamanders reveals evidence of recent divergence and gene exchange through aquifers
<p>Karst ecosystems often contain extraordinary biodiversity, but the complex underground aquifers of karst regions present challenges for assessing and conserving stygobiont diversity and investigating their evolutionary history. We examined the karst-obligate salamanders of the Eurycea neotenes species complex in the Edwards Plateau region of central Texas using population genomics data to address questions about population connectivity and the potential for gene exchange within the underlying aquifer system. The Eurycea neotenes species complex has historically been divided into three nominal species, but their status, and spatial extent of species ranges, have remained uncertain. We discovered evidence of extensive admixture within the species complex and with adjacent lineages. We observed relatively low levels of differentiation among all sampling localities which supports the hypothesis of recent divergence. Nominal taxonomy, aquifer region and geography accounted for a modest amount of the overall population genomic variation, but these predictors were largely collinear and difficult to disentangle. Importantly, the taxonomy of the three nominal species does not reflect the admixture apparent in clustering analyses. Inference of migration events revealed a complex pattern of gene exchange, suggesting that Eurycea salamanders have a dynamic history of dispersal through the aquifer system. These results highlight the need for greater understanding of how stygobiont populations are connected via dispersal and gene exchange through karst aquifers.</p>
Lattice Boltzmann simulation of liquid water transport in gas diffusion layers of proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Impact of gas diffusion layer and microporous layer degradation on effective transport properties
<p><span>Underlying data to publication Sarkezi-Selsky et al., <em>J. Pow. Sour.</em> 556 (2023) 232415,<span> https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.232415</span> <br><br>Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) represent a promising technology for clean drivetrain solutions, in particular for heavy-duty applications. However, lifetime requirements demand high durability of each cell component.<br></span><span>In this work, transport of liquid water through pristine and degraded gas diffusion layers (GDL) was simulated with a 3D Color-Gradient Lattice Boltzmann model. The GDL microstructure was reconstructed </span><span>from high-resolution X-ray micro-computed tomography (</span><span>μ</span><span>-CT) of an impregnated Freudenberg H14. The </span><span>effect of a microporous layer (MPL) was considered by reconstruction of an impregnated and MPL-coated H14. Aged microstructures were generated artificially, assuming loss of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) within the GDL and increase of MPL macroporosity as main degradation mechanisms. Liquid water transport within aged microstructures was simulated by imposing a liquid phase flow rate until breakthrough was reached. Subsequently, the GDL microstructures were analyzed for their breakthrough characteristics by means of saturation and effective gas transport properties. When the MPL was pristine, no distinct GDL degradation effect was observable, this was attributed to the MPL dominating capillary transport. MPL aging, however, led to increased saturations and thus to a deterioration of the effective gas transport. With a partially degraded MPL, aging of the GDL then appeared to affect the breakthrough characteristics.</span></p>
Figure 4 in Interannual Variability of Water Exchange Anomalies Between the Northern, Middle and Southern Caspian Based on Satellite Altimetry Data
Figure 4. Temporal variability of anomalies of surface geostrophic velocities (m/s) directed normal to 133 (a) and 209 (b) tracks. Positive values correspond to the southeast direction of currents, negative values correspond to the northwest direction.
Figure 1 in Interannual Variability of Water Exchange Anomalies Between the Northern, Middle and Southern Caspian Based on Satellite Altimetry Data
Figure 1. The Caspian Sea. Main parts of the Caspian Sea: (1) – the Northern Caspian (2) - the Middle Caspian; (3) – the Southern Caspian; (4) – the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Bay. Isobaths are shown in meters. The coastline corresponds to year 1934, when the sea level was -26.46 m relative to the World Ocean level (Lebedev, 2018).
Figure 5 in Paclobutrazol reduces growth and increases chlorophyll indices and gas exchanges of basil (Ocimum basilicum)
Figure 5. Stomatal conductance (A), net photosynthesis (B), transpiration (C), internal carbon concentration (D), instantaneous water use efficiency (E), intrinsic water use efficiency (F) and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (G) of basil plants (Ocimum basilicum var. Cinnamon) under paclobutrazol application.
Figure 1 in Paclobutrazol reduces growth and increases chlorophyll indices and gas exchanges of basil (Ocimum basilicum)
Figure 1. Effect of paclobutrazol application on the growth of basil plants (Ocimum basilicum var. Cinnamon).
Figure 7 in Paclobutrazol reduces growth and increases chlorophyll indices and gas exchanges of basil (Ocimum basilicum)
Figure 7. Canonical variables analysis with confidence ellipses for growth variables (A and B), chlorophyll indices (C) and gas exchange (D and E). PBZ= paclobutrazol; NL= number of leaves; LDM= leaf dry mass; SDM= stem dry mass; PH= plant height; SD= stem diameter; IMR= inflorescence mass ratio; SMR= stem mass ratio; LMR= leaf mass ratio; RQ= robustness quotient; Ca= chlorophyll a; Cb=chlorophyll b; Ca/b= chlorophyll a/b ratio.
Figure 6 in Paclobutrazol reduces growth and increases chlorophyll indices and gas exchanges of basil (Ocimum basilicum)
Figure 6. Pearson's correlation between the analyzed variables. PH= plant height; SD=diameter; NL= number of leaves; LDM= leaf dry mass; SDM= stem dry mass; IDM= inflorescence dry mass; IMR= inflorescence mass ratio; SMR= stem mass ratio; LMR= leaf mass ratio; RQ= robustness quotient; Ca= chlorophyll a; Cb= chlorophyll b; tC= total chlorophyll; Cab= chlorophyll a/b ratio.
Figure 4. Chlorophyll a in Paclobutrazol reduces growth and increases chlorophyll indices and gas exchanges of basil (Ocimum basilicum)
Figure 4. Chlorophyll a (A), chlorophyll b (B), total chlorophyll (C) and chlorophyll a/b ratio (D) of basil plants (Ocimum basilicum var. Cinnamon) under paclobutrazol application.
Figure 2 in Root deformation affects mineral nutrition but not leaf gas exchange and growth of Genipa americana seedlings during the recovery phase after soil flooding
Figure 2. Concentrations of P in leaves for G. americana seedlings without or with root deformation (RD) after 28 days of soil drainage (recovery). N = 3. Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to Tukey's test (p <0.05). Capital letters represent comparisons water effects within root conditions and lower case letters represent comparisons of roots effects within water conditions.
Figure 1 in Root deformation affects mineral nutrition but not leaf gas exchange and growth of Genipa americana seedlings during the recovery phase after soil flooding
Figure 1. Four months old seedlings of G. americana without (A) and with (B) root deformation (RD) caused by errors in the pricking out process, and a detail of the RD (C).
BRAIN Journal-A Combination of Meta-heuristic and Heuristic Algorithms for the VRP, OVRP and VRP with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery- Figure 2. Insert (left), swap (middle) and 2-opt exchanges (right)
<p> The literature on meta-heuristics indicates that a promising approach for obtaining highquality solutions is to couple a local search algorithm with a mechanism to generate initial solutions. So, after all ants have constructed their routes and before updating global pheromone, three types of local search schemes including 2- opt scheme, insert and swap moves are performed to further reduce the routes length (Figure 2). In insert algorithm, a customer is moved to another route but in swap algorithm a customer in a certain route is swapped with another customer from a different route. One of the most commonly encountered moves is the 2-opt which starts with a feasible tour and continues by omitting two arcs of the same route, which are not adjacent and then connects them again by another method in such a way that the new tour length is shorter. In multiple routes, two edges belong to different routes, which form a criss-cross, are selected and two new edges are replaced. It also should be noted that the new solution will be only accepted in state that first, the constraints are not violated specially about each vehicle’s capacity. It can be noted that there are several routes for connecting nodes and producing the tour again, but a state that satisfies the problem’s constraints is acceptable</p>
Mathematics Stack Exchange API Q&A Data
<p>This dataset was compiled as part of the ESPRC project "Example-driven machine-human collaboration in mathematics", for the purpose of doing text-based analysis of mathematical discourse and for the construction of a conversational mathematics bot.</p> <p>It consists of approximately 1 million mathematics questions and their respective answers, as well as markers of interaction quality (such as user-provided scoring of question and answer quality) and social dynamics (reputation scores, badges, etc).</p> <p>The data was obtained from the <a href="https://stackexchange.com/">StackExchange</a> website, by querying the <a href="https://api.stackexchange.com/">Stack Exchange API</a> according to its documentation.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data Template for exchanging information between Decision Making System & Simulator
<p>Data Template for exchanging information between Decision Making System & Simulator. Under the prism of optimizing design/production and checking circularity of parts.</p>
EMSL/PNNL Basis Set Exchange Archive
<p>This data reflects the output of the PNNL/EMSL Basis Set Exchange collected in the summer of 2018.</p> <p>The output was collected via script, and contains all basis set and format combinations.</p> <p>In this dataset are archives representing all the available output formats. Within those archives are all the basis sets found on the BSE website.</p> <ul> <li><strong>tar.bz2</strong> files are meant to be use with Linux and have Unix line endings.</li> <li><strong>Zip</strong> files are meant for Windows and have the appropriate line endings for Windows.</li> <li>Archives with the suffix <strong>.min_gen</strong> contain the output of the BSE when the <em>Optimize General Contractions</em> button is checked. </li> </ul> <p>If the output when using <em>Optimize General Contractions</em> was the same as with the button not checked, the output file not kept. Instead, use the file from the archive without the <strong>.min_gen</strong> suffix.</p> <p>For more information about the new basis set exchange, visit the new website: <a href="https://www.basissetexchange.org">https://www.basissetexchange.org</a></p> <p>For questions/comments/issues, email <a href="mailto:bse@molssi.org">bse@molssi.org</a></p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.