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123 results for “feral”

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dryad32/100

The Evolutionary History of Wild, Domesticated, and Feral Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae)

Understanding the evolutionary history of crops, including identifying wild relatives, helps to provide insight for conservation and crop breeding efforts. Cultivated Brassica oleracea has intrigued researchers for centuries due to its wide diversity in forms, which include cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, kohlrabi, and Brussels sprouts. Yet, the evolutionary history of this species remains understudied. With such different vegetables produced from a single species, B. oleracea is a model organism for understanding the power of artificial selection. Persistent challenges in the study of B. oleracea include conflicting hypotheses regarding domestication and the identity of the closest living wild relative. Using newly generated RNA-seq data for a diversity panel of 224 accessions, which represents 14 different B. oleracea crop types and nine potential wild progenitor species, we integrate phylogenetic and population genetic techniques with ecological niche modeling, archaeological, and literary evidence to examine relationships among cultivars and wild relatives to clarify the origin of this horticulturally important species. Our analyses point to the Aegean endemic B. cretica as the closest living relative of cultivated B. oleracea, supporting an origin of cultivation in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Additionally, we identify several feral lineages, suggesting that cultivated plants of this species can revert to a wild-like state with relative ease. By expanding our understanding of the evolutionary history in B. oleracea, these results contribute to a growing body of knowledge on crop domestication that will facilitate continued breeding efforts including adaptation to changing environmental conditions.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

dryad32/100

An extended epiphenotype for an extended phenotype in Toxoplasma gondii infected feral house mice

Parasitism of mice by Toxoplasma gondii reduces the host's aversion to cat odors, likely increasing predation and transmission of the parasite to its definitive host. This behavioral change suggests a parasitic manipulation where host behavior becomes an extended phenotype of the parasite. Independently, epigenetic changes within an organism are now known to create behavioral change. The results described here provide an experimental connection between these disparate strands of extended phenotypes and the role of epigenetics in behavioral diversity. Using mice captured on Kangaroo Island in Australia, we demonstrate that Toxoplasma gondii infection leads to specific DNA hypomethylation events in the host brain. Previous laboratory studies have shown that these epigenetic changes underlie the central processing of cat odors. We posit that the concept of extended phenotype can be expanded to extended epiphenotype, thus linking parasite genes to host behavior through epigenesis. This phenomenon has broad implications for inter-species relationships.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

zenodo32/100

FIG. 3 in Feral Burros and Other Influences on Desert Tortoise Presence in the Western Sonoran Desert

FIG. 3.—Predictive surface for probability of presence of Agassiz̕s Desert Tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) in the Chemehuevi Valley, Sonoran Desert, California, USA. The probability of tortoise presence (based on all sign: live and dead tortoises, burrows, scats, drinking sites, and tracks) was derived from model averages for each of the 200 1-ha plots surveyed during 2009.

opennotspecifiedDec 2020View details →

zenodo32/100

FIG. 2 in Feral Burros and Other Influences on Desert Tortoise Presence in the Western Sonoran Desert

FIG. 2.—Distribution of Brittlebush (Encelia farinosa), Rhatany (Krameria erecta, Krameria bicolor), and White Bursage (Ambrosia dumosa) vegetation associations in the study area in the Chemehuevi Valley, Sonoran Desert, California, USA.

opennotspecifiedDec 2020View details →

zenodo32/100

FIG. 4 in Feral Burros and Other Influences on Desert Tortoise Presence in the Western Sonoran Desert

FIG. 4.—Path diagram for Spearman correlations (P <0.05, j rj> 0.4) between anthropogenic variables in habitat for Agassiz̕s Desert Tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) in the Chemehuevi Valley, Sonoran Desert, California, USA. Variables were rank transformed. Vegetation association was coded as a categorical variable for variable importance and as an ordinal variable in order of increasing mean elevation (1 ¼ White Bursage [Ambrosia dumosa], 2 ¼ Rhatany [Krameria erecta, Krameria bicolor], and 3 ¼ Brittlebush [Encelia farinosa]) for rank correlation. Wash ¼ Chemehuevi Wash; river ¼ Colorado River; and road ¼ paved and dirt roads. Solid, bold dark arrows show positive relationships and bold dotted arrows display negative relationships. Variables with similar subjects (e.g., burro scat, burro trails) were grouped together with solid or dotted lines. Variables grouped with fine lines either had one or no variables with correlations of significance (P <0.05, j rj> 0.4). Individual variables with fine lines had low correlations.

opennotspecifiedDec 2020View details →

dryad32/100