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169 results for “fire effects”
Plant species percent cover data: Interactive Effects of Deer, Fire and Nitrogen
In 2000 we began to examine impacts of three anthropogenic effects on successional grasslands in an area with rapid woody encroachment toward white pine forest. We established a factorial experiment that manipulates N (0 or 3 g m-2 yr-1), fire (none or every 2nd year), and deer (fenced or open to deer), with a total of 32 plots, each 20 x 20 m. We hypothesized that the response of this ecosystem to the combined effects of fire, N, and herbivory would depend on the ability of pine and other species to invade and the magnitude of their response to the different disturbance factors: warm-season grasses increase with and encourage fire, resist herbivores, and inhibit woody plant invasion (Davis et al. 1998, Inouye et al. 1994); cool-season plants are favored by N deposition (Tilman 1987) but are fire-intolerant and palatable to herbivores; legumes tolerate fire but decrease with herbivory and N deposition; and finally, woody plants are fire-intolerant and may be more susceptible to herbivory. We are measuring treatment effects on composition and diversity of plants and consumers (insects, small mammals, lizards) as well as plant and soil C and N.
Litter carbon and nitrogen: Fire X Nitrogen: Interactive Effects in a Prairie-Like Grassland
This experiment was established on top of E002 in field B. In the spring of 1992, 3 randomly chosen replicates of each nutrient treatment of experiment E002 were chosen to be burned each spring. For a description of these plots, see E002. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte98.
Root biomass data: Fire X Nitrogen: Interactive Effects in a Prairie-Like Grassland
This experiment was established on top of E002 in field B. In the spring of 1992, 3 randomly chosen replicates of each nutrient treatment of experiment E002 were chosen to be burned each spring. For a description of these plots, see E002. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte98.
Percent light penetration: Fire X Nitrogen: Interactive Effects in a Prairie-Like Grassland
This experiment was established on top of E002 in field B. In the spring of 1992, 3 randomly chosen replicates of each nutrient treatment of experiment E002 were chosen to be burned each spring. For a description of these plots, see E002. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte98.
Root carbon/nitrogen data: Fire X Nitrogen: Interactive Effects in a Prairie-Like Grassland
This experiment was established on top of E002 in field B. In the spring of 1992, 3 randomly chosen replicates of each nutrient treatment of experiment E002 were chosen to be burned each spring. For a description of these plots, see E002. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte98.
Small mammal abundance: Fire X Nitrogen: Interactive Effects in a Prairie-Like Grassland
This experiment was established on top of E002 in field B. In the spring of 1992, 3 randomly chosen replicates of each nutrient treatment of experiment E002 were chosen to be burned each spring. For a description of these plots, see E002. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte98.
Soil Calcium: Fire X Nitrogen: Interactive Effects in a Prairie-Like Grassland
This experiment was established on top of E002 in field B. In the spring of 1992, 3 randomly chosen replicates of each nutrient treatment of experiment E002 were chosen to be burned each spring. For a description of these plots, see E002. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte98.
Soil magnesium: Fire X Nitrogen: Interactive Effects in a Prairie-Like Grassland
This experiment was established on top of E002 in field B. In the spring of 1992, 3 randomly chosen replicates of each nutrient treatment of experiment E002 were chosen to be burned each spring. For a description of these plots, see E002. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte98.
Soil nitrate and ammonium: Fire X Nitrogen: Interactive Effects in a Prairie-Like Grassland
This experiment was established on top of E002 in field B. In the spring of 1992, 3 randomly chosen replicates of each nutrient treatment of experiment E002 were chosen to be burned each spring. For a description of these plots, see E002. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte98.
Soil carbon: Fire X Nitrogen: Interactive Effects in a Prairie-Like Grassland
This experiment was established on top of E002 in field B. In the spring of 1992, 3 randomly chosen replicates of each nutrient treatment of experiment E002 were chosen to be burned each spring. For a description of these plots, see E002. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte98.
Soil nitrogen: Fire X Nitrogen: Interactive Effects in a Prairie-Like Grassland
This experiment was established on top of E002 in field B. In the spring of 1992, 3 randomly chosen replicates of each nutrient treatment of experiment E002 were chosen to be burned each spring. For a description of these plots, see E002. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte98.
Soil Nitrogen Cycling:Effect of Fire Frequency on Grassland Vegetation and Soils
The purpose of this experiment, begun in 1983 by Johannes Knops, is to determine what effect different fire frequencies have on grassland vegetation. This experiment is being conducted in field B. There are 4 different burn treatments: 1. plots burned every year 2. plots burned every other year 3. controls which are not burned 4. plots burned every fourth year There are 6 replicates of each treatment which were randomly assigned to the 24 plots. Plots are 8 by 8 meters and are placed in a 3 by 8 grid with 2 meter walkways. Plots are marked with colored rebar at each corner.
Plant species percent cover data: Effect of Fire Frequency on Grassland Vegetation and Soils
The purpose of this experiment, begun in 1983 by Johannes Knops, is to determine what effect different fire frequencies have on grassland vegetation. This experiment is being conducted in field B. There are 4 different burn treatments: 1. plots burned every year 2. plots burned every other year 3. controls which are not burned 4. plots burned every fourth year There are 6 replicates of each treatment which were randomly assigned to the 24 plots. Plots are 8 by 8 meters and are placed in a 3 by 8 grid with 2 meter walkways. Plots are marked with colored rebar at each corner.
Plant aboveground biomass data: Effect of Fire Frequency on Grassland Vegetation and Soils
The purpose of this experiment, begun in 1983 by Johannes Knops, is to determine what effect different fire frequencies have on grassland vegetation. This experiment is being conducted in field B. There are 4 different burn treatments: 1. plots burned every year 2. plots burned every other year 3. controls which are not burned 4. plots burned every fourth year There are 6 replicates of each treatment which were randomly assigned to the 24 plots. Plots are 8 by 8 meters and are placed in a 3 by 8 grid with 2 meter walkways. Plots are marked with colored rebar at each corner.
Percent light penetration: Effect of Fire Frequency on Grassland Vegetation and Soils
The purpose of this experiment, begun in 1983 by Johannes Knops, is to determine what effect different fire frequencies have on grassland vegetation. This experiment is being conducted in field B. There are 4 different burn treatments: 1. plots burned every year 2. plots burned every other year 3. controls which are not burned 4. plots burned every fourth year There are 6 replicates of each treatment which were randomly assigned to the 24 plots. Plots are 8 by 8 meters and are placed in a 3 by 8 grid with 2 meter walkways. Plots are marked with colored rebar at each corner.
Ecological Effects of Prescribed Fire on Soils in a Chihuahuan Desert Grassland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (2003)
Fire resulting from natural ignition has become a more common event on the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) since the exclusion of domesticated livestock. Efforts to return fire to the native landscape has resulted in the use of prescribed fire during periods that meet burn prescriptions. A prescribed fire was performed on the Sevilleta NWR in June 2003. Among the measured site and burn characteristics that were measure, this project sampled soils before and after the fire from 5 previously-sampled locations that were burned in June 2003 and from 5 newly established locations that served as controls. The controls were within an area that was sampled between 1989 and 1996 for similar properties measured in this study and had previously been tested to be similar to the locations burned in 2003. The soil properties that are repeatedly measured at the burn and control locations include: field water content; water-holding capacity; organic matter; field extractable nitrate and ammonium; and potentially mineralizable nitrogen.
Data from: Fire and grazing controlling a tropical tree line: Effects of long‐term grazing exclusion in Bale Mountains, Ethiopia
<p><span><b>Aims:</b> Tropical tree lines are often associated with abrupt shifts in vegetation, soils and disturbance regimes, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We analysed the role of grazing, fuels and fire in maintaining a sharp tree line with flammable heathland above non-flammable forest. </span></p> <p><span><b>Location: </b>Bale Mountains, Ethiopia. </span></p> <p><span><b>Methods: </b>Grazing exclosures, repeated vegetation sampling, soil analyses and burning and sowing experiments along an altitudinal gradient with <i>Hagenia abyssinica</i> forest, <i>Erica trimera</i> forest and <i>Erica</i> heathland; all heavily grazed, the latter burnt on short rotation.</span></p> <p><span><b>Results:</b> Contrary to expectation, livestock exclusion did not increase forest fuel flammability, but instead resulted in a dense carpet of non-flammable herbs. In the heathland, livestock exclusion led to somewhat faster post-fire fuel recovery, but no major vegetation change. Seeding of tree species resulted in some seedling establishment, but notably <i>Hagenia</i> grew poorly in the heathland, even when protected from livestock. A bioassay, as well as observations of outpost trees on atypical soil above the treeline, suggest that this poor growth is caused by the acidic soils, rather than harsh climate. Despite frequent fires, heathland soils had lower pH and higher organic matter content than forest soils. Below the tree line,<i> </i>tree seedling establishment was successful only in forest gaps, and if livestock was excluded. In both forest and heathland rapid vegetative regeneration in the ground flora after disturbance restricted major species shifts. </span></p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> These results suggest that the contrasting fire potential between heathland and forest, and thus the sharp tree line would be maintained, or possibly even accentuated, in the absence of livestock grazing, and that <i>Hagenia</i> colonisation upwards into the heathland is restricted not only by fire and grazing, but also the acidic soils, a legacy of centuries of <i>Erica</i> dominance.</p>
Data from: Longleaf pine proximity effects on air temperatures and hardwood top-kill from prescribed fire
Background Regulation of the dominance of sprouting understory hardwoods is a common objective for prescribed fire in open-canopy longleaf pine woodland of the southeastern USA. Nevertheless, little is known about the influence of individual pines on fire and hardwood mortality. We studied growing-season fires in stem-mapped stands in southwest Georgia USA which displayed large variation in structure due to cutting treatments applied 7 yr earlier. We measured air temperature and heating duration, and measured post-fire sprouting behavior of four guilds of understory hardwoods: mesic oaks, upland oaks, xeric oaks, and fleshy-fruited hardwoods. Mean air temperature (i.e., of flames, buoyant plume and smoldering combustion) and heating duration (time over 60°C) were analyzed with respect to fuel-bed conditions and neighboring tree density. Hardwood top-kill was analyzed with respect to neighboring tree density and hardwood height. Results Size of and distance to longleaf pines strongly affected time over 60°C, which increased linearly from a mean of 87 s to a mean of 234 s across a gradient of pine basal area from 0 to 30 m2 ha-1. Mean air temperature during prescribed fire was unaffected by pine density but increased linearly from a mean of 114°C to a mean of 148°C across a gradient of wiregrass cover from 0 to 100%. Neighborhood models showed that time over 60°C during the burns was longest at the base of pines and decreased by two-thirds at 3.3 m distance. Pines affected hardwood top-kill probability at a similar scale, the effect at 4.4 m decreasing by two-thirds compared to at the base of the pine. The four hardwood guilds were readily top-killed when ≤ 1 m tall, but at 2 m height upland and xeric oaks had become more resistant to top-kill than mesic oaks or fleshy fruited broadleaved trees. Conclusions The influence of individual pine trees on heating duration and top-kill power of prescribed fire drops by ⅔ of maximum within 3 to 4 m of a tree, compared to a maximum at the base of the tree. Neighborhood models provide a method to estimate tree effects on prescribed fire heating duration and top-kill probability, and thus a way of predicting stand structures that provide ecological benefits of openings while remaining below thresholds that trigger vigorous hardwood response.
Data from: Synergistic effects of fire and elephants on arboreal animals in an African savannah
1. Disturbance is a crucial determinant of animal abundance, distribution and community structure in many ecosystems, but the ways in which multiple disturbance types interact remain poorly understood. The effects of multiple-disturbance interactions can be additive, subadditive or super-additive (synergistic). Synergistic effects in particular can accelerate ecological change; thus, characterizing such synergies, the conditions under which they arise, and how long they persist has been identified as a major goal of ecology. 2. We factorially manipulated two principal sources of disturbance in African savannas, fire and elephants, and measured their independent and interactive effects on the numerically dominant vertebrate (the arboreal gekkonid lizard Lygodactylus keniensis) and invertebrate (a guild of symbiotic Acacia ants) animal species in a semi-arid Kenyan savanna. 3. Elephant exclusion alone (minus fire) had negligible effects on gecko density. Fire alone (minus elephants) had negligible effects on gecko density after 4 months, but increased gecko density twofold after 16 months, likely because the decay of fire-damaged woody biomass created refuges and nest sites for geckos. In the presence of elephants, fire increased gecko density nearly threefold within 4 months of the experimental burn; this occurred because fire increased the incidence of elephant damage to trees, which in turn improved microhabitat quality for geckos. However, this synergistic positive effect of fire and elephants attenuated over the ensuing year, such that only the main effect of fire was evident after 16 months. 4. Fire also altered the structure of symbiotic plant-ant assemblages occupying the dominant tree species (Acacia drepanolobium); this influenced gecko habitat selection but did not explain the synergistic effect of fire and elephants. However, fire-driven shifts in plant-ant occupancy may have indirectly mediated this effect by increasing trees' susceptibility to elephant damage. 5. Our findings confirm the importance of fire × elephant interactions in structuring arboreal wildlife populations. Where habitat modification by megaherbivores facilitates co-occurring species, fire may amplify these effects in the short term by increasing the frequency or intensity of herbivory, leading to synergy. In the longer term, tree mortality due to both top kill by fire and toppling by large herbivores may reduce overall microhabitat availability, eliminating the synergy.
Data from: Spatio-temporal effects of logging and fire on tall, wet temperate eucalypt forest birds
Forests globally are subject to multiple disturbances such as logging and fire that create complex temporal variation in spatial patterns of forest cover and stand age. However, investigations that quantify temporal changes in biodiversity in response to multiple forms of disturbance in space and time are relatively uncommon. Over a 10-year period, we investigated the response of bird species to spatio-temporal changes in cover associated with logging and wildfire in the Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans) forests of south-eastern Australia. Specifically, we examined how bird occurrence changed with shifts in the proportion of area burnt or logged in a 4.5km radius surrounding each of 87 field survey sites. Overall species richness was greatest in older forest patches. Bird species richness declined as the amount of fire around each site increased. At the individual species level, most species were more likely to be found in old growth than younger forest. Twenty-five of 36 bird species we modeled, exhibited a negative response to the amount of fire in the surrounding landscape (while two species responded positively to fire). Only nine species exhibited signs of post-fire recovery. Ten species were more likely to be recorded as the proportion of logged forest surrounding a site increased, suggesting a possible "concentration effect" with displaced birds moving into unlogged areas following harvesting of adjacent areas. In contrast to predictions from the disturbance-congruence hypothesis, no bird species exhibited similar responses to fire and logging in the landscape surrounding our sites. Similarly, no bird life history traits were associated with burned or logged forest, although insectivorous birds were more likely to be found in old growth forests and increased over time. Birds in Mountain Ash forests are strongly associated with old growth stands and exhibit complex, time-dependent and species-specific responses to landscape disturbance. Despite logging and fire both being high-severity perturbations, species responses to one kind of landscape-scale disturbance are not readily predictable based on an understanding of the responses to another kind of (albeit superficially similar) disturbance.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.