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Figure 5 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 5: Number of lakes where each fish species was recorded in Projet Lac as native, endemic, non-native or exotic. Thirty-five lakes were surveyed as part of Projet Lac.

Figure 7 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 7: Whole-lake community composition based on CPUE in vertical nets. Upper panel shows volume-weighted aver- age number of fish per 100 m2 net area. Lower panel shows volume-weighted average biomass per 100 m2 net area. Figure includes only lakes surveyed by the standard vertical net protocol. Lakes Sarnen and Biel were sampled with a modified protocol and are excluded here. The smallest lakes Bret and Bonlieu are also excluded. Note that sequence of lakes along the X axis differs between the panels.

Figure 11 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 11: Similarity of the native fish species assemblages among lakes sampled by Projet Lac depicted by hierarchical cluster analysis (Sørensen index based on presence/absence of taxa; complete linkage). Lakes joined by shorter branches share a higher proportion of their fish species. Colours indicate river catchments: red = Rhine, green = Rhone, orange = Po, blue = Danube. See Figure 82 for an exploration of factors driving differences in the fish communities among lakes within catchments.

Figure 15 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 15: Depth distribution of fish abundance by species (individuals per unit effort) in benthic habitats to 50 m deep according to CEN benthic nets.

Figure 26 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 26: Depth distribution of catch per unit effort (CPUE; horizontal axis) for native fish species living in the deeper zones of the deep, northern perialpine lakes: Coregonus spp (yellow), Salvelinus spp (red), Cottus spp (grey/brown) and Lota lota (light grey). CPUE is the average of catches in deep-set vertical nets and benthic CEN nets. CPUE is square-root transformed to increase the visibility of the smaller values in the profundal zone. Note that the scale of the horizontal axis (CPUE) differs among the lakes. Whereas Lota lota has pelagic eggs and larvae and does hence not have to recruit locally, all other species recruit locally. Boxes at the bottom of the figure show the total phosphorus of the lake at the time of Projet Lac sampling (upper value) and the maximum measured total phosphorus value that had been experienced by the lake in the past (lower value in bold). The panels for Constance and Zurich show the data for the deeper lake in each of the pairs (i.e. Upper Constance and Lower Zurich).

Figure 23 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 23: Fish biomass (CEN gillnets) in the shallow sunlit zone near the lake floor to around 12 m was higher in lakes with more phosphorus. In the deeper parts of the lakes (below 50 m), benthic fish biomass was highest in the lakes with very low phosphorus. Dashed lines are shown for statistically significant relationships (surface: p-value = 0.003, R2 = 0.74; middle: p-value = 0.63, R2 = 0.02, deep: p-value = 0.014, R2 = 0.467). Horizontal axis is displayed on a log scale.

Figure 14 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 14: Whole-lake average fish biomass per unit net area in vertical nets was lower in deeper lakes due to their proportionally larger volume of less productive habitat. Note that vertical and horizontal axes are on a log scale. Lakes that have returned from a period of eutrophic conditions with hypoxia in the hypolimnion in at least part of the lake to meso- or oligotropic conditions are indicated in blue, while yellow points indicate re-oligotrophied lakes that have lost profundal fish species.

Figure 10 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 10: Uniqueness of the fish communities of all lakes and catchments. Uniqueness index for each lake was calculated as the sum of the inverse of the number of lakes where each species in the lake was recorded.

Figure 17 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 17: Habitat associations of fishes in the littoral zone in late summer/autumn based on sampling in 28 perialpine lakes. Grey lines indicate that the species was recorded (electrofishing and shallow-set vertical nets) more often in this littoral habitat than in other habitats. The thickness of the line reflects how much more frequently than random the species was recorded in the habitat. Associations were averaged among lakes and shown only where the association was positive in more than half of the lakes in which a species was recorded. Only fish species recorded in the littoral zone of at least three lakes are shown. Three species were recorded in at least three lakes, but had no clear habitat association (Carassius gibelio, Rhodeus amarus, Telestes muticellus). Lineages of Barbatula spp and forms of Perca fluviatilis could unfortunately not be differentiated in the analysis. Inflows and outflows are excluded to focus on the lacustrine habitats. Note that some of these species may have their strongest associations with other habitats outside the littoral (e.g. the sublittoral, profundal or pelagic), but such habitat occurrences could not be included in this analysis. See [47] for more information on the calculation of habitat association.

Figure 6 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 6: Species-abundance distributions (SADs) for each of 35 perialpine lakes and 1 lowland lake. These SADs result from combining partial SADs obtained by sampling with the CEN netting protocol, the VERT netting protocol and the electrofishing protocol (for all partial SADs see Appendix B Figure 69). Abundances are log2-transformed. Normal distributions are indicated by a thin line in each plot. The qualitative fit to the expected distribution is indicated by coloured circles: dark green = good fit, light green = modest fit, orange = poor fit, red = very poor fit. Colour of bars indicates drainage systems: green = Rhone, red = Rhine, orange = Po, blue = Danube. Note the systematic difference between Rhine lakes (9 good, 3 modest, 4 poor, 1 very poor) and Po lakes (0 good, 1 modest, 2 poor, 6 very poor). This difference cannot be due to differences in sampling effort because Maggiore and Lugano were among the best sampled lakes, but both have very poor fits to the expected distributions. Lake Aulnes is a lowland lake in the southern Rhone drainage that we sampled but did not otherwise consider in this report.

Figure 1 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 1: Map of lakes surveyed by Projet Lac with major river networks and catchments indicated by background colour. Note that the Aare-Rhine includes the subcatchments of the Reuss and Limat rivers. Data source: Federal Office of Topography swisstopo 2020.

Figure 19 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 19: Opposing relationships with total phosphorus for the biomass of the two most common fish taxa among the large and deep lakes (average depth> 50 m). Data are whole-lake average biomass (in grams) of fish per vertical net battery. Note that the horizontal axis is on a log scale. Regression statistics for Coregonus are p-value = 0.005, R2 = 0.57 and perch are p-value = 0.004, R2 = 0.58. Shaded regions show thresholds for total phosphorus of 10 μg / L and 5 μg / L.

Figure 22 in Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes – "Projet Lac" synthesis report

Figure 22: Whole-lake average number of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) per vertical net battery compared to total phosphorus concentration in large and deep lakes (average depth> 50 m). The left panel shows the relationship for all perch caught in the lake (p-value = 0.022, R2 = 0.42). The right panel shows the relationship for only perch larger than 20 cm (length from snout to the tip of the tail; p-value = 0.003, R2 = 0.6). Note that the horizontal axis is on a log scale. Dashed red lines indicate statistically significant relationships.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

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Examining the diversity, stability and functioning of marine fish communities across a latitudinal gradient

Aim: As anthropogenic stressors on the biosphere intensify, understanding how communities respond to disturbances is critical. Biodiversity is often thought to promote the stability of communities over time and enhance ecosystem functioning. However, results have been inconsistent, and the multifaceted linkages among diversity, stability, and functioning under acute disturbances remain poorly understood. We experimentally tested the responses of marine fish communities to disturbance (i.e., acute habitat loss) across a diversity gradient spanning 35º degrees of latitude in the western Atlantic Ocean to assess the diversity-stability relationship and the interplay between diversity, stability, and fish biomass recovery (as a proxy for function) in marine fish communities. Location: Western Atlantic Ocean (Maine, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Florida [USA], Belize, and Panama). Time period: 2016 – 2017 Major taxa studied: Small, bottom-dwelling ('cryptobenthic') fishes Results: Diversity showed a negative effect on community stability at both the regional (across docks) and local (within docks) scales. Similarly, local diversity was negatively correlated with ecosystem function. These effects are exacerbated by the habitat loss imposed via our experimental treatment. Main conclusions: Our results suggest that habitat loss may more intensively re-shuffle diverse, tropical communities, which impacts biomass recovery, our proxy of functioning. Contrary to ecological theory, in small-bodied, benthos-associated vertebrate communities, biodiversity may neither promote stability nor functioning, suggesting that human disturbances may be particularly impactful in tropical, high-diversity ecosystems.

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Data from: Empirical verification of feeding selectivity of larval and juvenile pelagic fishes using in situ zooplankton communities

Most studies on the feeding ecology of larvae and juveniles of commercially important pelagic fishes have used field-based approaches. However, due to possible biases related to net sampling, it is uncertain whether the results obtained from those studies truly represent the situation of live fish in the sea. Here we investigated the feeding ecology of pelagic fishes through a laboratory experiment minimizing the biases inherent in field net sampling. In the experiment, hatchery-reared juvenile chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) and larval/juvenile Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) were fed with wild-caught zooplankton assemblages collected from around Hakatajima Island in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. The relationships between fish size and prey number in the gut, and the selectivity on each prey organism were determined. As a result, in both species, prey number and size increased with body size, and the fish showed strong selectivity for crustaceans including copepodites and adults of copepods. Our data has also clearly indicated that both species can selectively prey on preferred foods that are rare while avoiding non-preferred foods that are abundant. These results, which substantially accord with reports from previous field studies, will not only help field scientists make a convincing interpretation of their data, but also open the possibility of further laboratory studies on detailed mechanisms of the feeding selectivity of larval/juvenile pelagic fishes.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

Fig. 10 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 10 Fish teeth from the studied localities: a–e Pshekharus yesinorum Bannikov & Kotlyar, 2015, isolated jaw teeth in lateral (a1, b1, c, d1, e) and dorsal view (a2, b2, d2), arranged in a sequence from distal to proximal positions. f Dasyatis sp., anterior tooth in dorsal (f1), occlusal view (f2), profile (f3) and labial view (f4)

Fig. 7 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 7 Otoliths of Gobionellidae: a–e Deltentosteus aff. telleri (Schubert, 1906), 7a Shydlivshchyna, NMNHU-P PI 2553, b (reversed), d Kozatskyi Yar, NMNHU-P PI 2552, c (reversed), e Mlyntsi, NMB P1209. f, g Economidichthys triangularis (Weiler, 1943), f (reversed) Shydlivshchyna, NMB P1210, g (reversed) Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2554. h, i Knipowitschia polonica Schwarzhans et al., 2020a, 2020b, h Shydlivshchyna, NMNHU-P PI 2562, i Kozatskyi Yar, NMB P1213. j, k Pomatoschistus elegans (Procházka, 1900), j (reversed) Kozatskyi Yar, NMNHU-P PI 2576, k (reversed) Shydlivshchyna, NMB P1222

Fig. 4 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 4 Otoliths of Gobius spp.: a–e Gobius bratishkoi n. sp., a holotype, NMNHU-P PI 2555, Kozatskyi Yar, b–e paratypes, b (reversed) Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2556, c–e (reversed) Kozatskyi Yar, NMB P1211. f Gobius reichenbacherae Schwarzhans, 2014, Shydlivshchyna, NMNHU-P PI 2557 (reversed). g–k Gobius ukrainicus n. sp., j holotype, Shydlivshchyna, NMNHU-P PI 2558, g–i, k paratypes, g, i, k NMNHU-P PI 2560, h (reversed) Mlyntsi, NMNHU-P PI 2559

Fig. 1 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 1 Location map and stratigraphy: a schematic map showing the Medobory Reef (after Korolyuk, 1952, and Górka et al., 2012, with modifications) and the studied localities in the vicinities of Horodok, western Ukraine; b schematic geologic cross section of the Badenian sequence through the Medobory region after Wysocka et. al. (2016) and Górka (2018a)

Fig. 13 in A rare window into a back-reef fish community from the middle Miocene (late Badenian) Medobory Hills barrier reef in western Ukraine, reconstructed mostly by means of otoliths

Fig. 13 Late Badenian paleogeography of the Paratethys and distribution of selected non-gobioid otolith-based taxa through the basin. Most common species are shown in bold printing. Asterisk denotes multiple locations, of which Borský Mikuláš represents the richest and most recently described otolith assemblage (Brzobohatý et al., 2022). Double asterisk for Dentex aff. gregarius tentatively includes records of Dentex aff. maroccanus by Brzobohatý et. al. (2022). Triple asterisk for Argyrosomus sp. denotes record of Argyrosomus aff. regius by Brzobohatý et. al. (2022). Paleogeography based on Rögl (1999), Popov et. al. (2004), and KováČ et. al. (2017)