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Fig. 6 in Suraqalatia Brasieri Görmuş, Lawa & Nuaimy, 2017 (Larger Benthic Foraminifera; Suraqalatiidae N. Fam.) From The Late Maastrichtian Of The Tarbur Formation (Zagros Fold-Thrust-Belt) And Remarks On Dicyclina Munier-Chalmas, 1887

Fig. 6 Dicyclina sampoi Cherchi & Schroeder, from the Cenomanian of the Sarvak Formation, Zagros Zone, SW Iran, slightly oblique axial section (from Omidvar et al., 2014, fig. 3.10 as Dicyclina schlumbergeri). Megalospheric specimen showing embryonic apparatus and bilateral symmetric pores (foramina) enabling the communication with the first cyclic postembryonic chamber. These are located between the supra- (upper; in yellow) and subembryonic zones (below; in red) (arrows). Both zones are subdivided by primary (b = beams) and secondary partitions (ib = intercalary beams).

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Text-fig. 2. Main geological structures of the eastern slope of the Sikhote-Alin' ridge and main plant-bearing localities of the Cenozoic floras. I – Mesozoic folded basement; II – East Sikhote-Alin' Volcanic Belt (Late Cretaceous–Early Palaeocene); III – Near-Shore Basaltic Volcanic Belt (Eocene–Early Miocene); IV – Udyl Basin (Cenozoic); V – Late Neogene to Quaternary plateaubasalts; Va – Sovgavan plateau; Vb – Samarga plateau; Vc – Bikin plateau. 1 – Malo-Mikhaylovka; 2 – Siziman; 3 – Sjurkum; 4 – Botchi; 5 – Dembi; 6 – Bui; 7 – Sonje; 8 – Takhobe; 9 – Amgu; 10 – Velikaya Kema; 11 – Zerkal'naya (former Tadushi). in Mid-Latitude Palaeogene Floras Of Eurasia Bound To Volcanic Settings And Palaeoclimatic Events - Experience Obtained From The Far East Of Russia (Sikhote-Alin') And Central Europe (Bohemian Massif)

Text-fig. 2. Main geological structures of the eastern slope of the Sikhote-Alin' ridge and main plant-bearing localities of the Cenozoic floras. I – Mesozoic folded basement; II – East Sikhote-Alin' Volcanic Belt (Late Cretaceous–Early Palaeocene); III – Near-Shore Basaltic Volcanic Belt (Eocene–Early Miocene); IV – Udyl Basin (Cenozoic); V – Late Neogene to Quaternary plateaubasalts; Va – Sovgavan plateau; Vb – Samarga plateau; Vc – Bikin plateau. 1 – Malo-Mikhaylovka; 2 – Siziman; 3 – Sjurkum; 4 – Botchi; 5 – Dembi; 6 – Bui; 7 – Sonje; 8 – Takhobe; 9 – Amgu; 10 – Velikaya Kema; 11 – Zerkal'naya (former Tadushi).

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Fig. 33. Character 46, metatarsal fold. A in PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF DART-POISON FROGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (AMPHIBIA: ATHESPHATANURA: DENDROBATIDAE)

Fig. 33. Character 46, metatarsal fold. A: State 1, weak (''Neblina species'', AMNH 118657). B: State 2, strong (degranvillei, AMNH 90876).

Fig. 1 in Working towards a conservation plan for fish parasites: Cyprinid parasites from the south African cape fold freshwater ecoregion as a case study

Fig. 1. Map illustrating localities where the five cyprinid hosts were collected in the Cape Fold ecoregion in the Western Cape, South Africa.

Fig. 7 in Working towards a conservation plan for fish parasites: Cyprinid parasites from the south African cape fold freshwater ecoregion as a case study

Fig. 7. Rarefaction/extrapolation curve estimating the diversity of parasites as a function of sampling effort for three of the five hosts collected in the OlifantsDoorn River System, Western Cape Province, South Africa. Shaded area represents the 95% confidence interval obtained using the bootstrap method based on 100 repetitions. Created using iNEXT Online (Chao et al., 2016).

Fig. 4 in Working towards a conservation plan for fish parasites: Cyprinid parasites from the south African cape fold freshwater ecoregion as a case study

Fig. 4. Pseudobarbus calidus (Barnard, 1938) (max. length: 125 mm) (A). Sclerites of Paradiplozoon sp. from the gills (B). Acanthocephala from the body cavity, whole specimen (C) and hooks on proboscis (top left insert). Larval Contracaecum sp. from the body cavity, anterior (D) and posterior (E) ends, lateral view. Scale bars: 100 μm (B, C, D, E).

Fig. 6 in Working towards a conservation plan for fish parasites: Cyprinid parasites from the south African cape fold freshwater ecoregion as a case study

Fig. 6. Sedercypris erubescens (Skelton, 1974) (max. length: 120 mm) (A). Larval Contracaecum sp. from the body cavity, anterior (B) and posterior (C) ends, lateral view. Scale bars: 100 μm (B, C).

Fig. 5 in Working towards a conservation plan for fish parasites: Cyprinid parasites from the south African cape fold freshwater ecoregion as a case study

Fig. 5. Pseudobarbus phlegethon (Barnard, 1938) (max. length: 65 mm) (A); Acanthogyrus sp. found from the body cavity (B). Scale bar: 500 μm.

Fig. 3 in Working towards a conservation plan for fish parasites: Cyprinid parasites from the south African cape fold freshwater ecoregion as a case study

Fig. 3. Labeobarbus seeberi (Gilchrist et Thompson, 1913) (max. length: 270 mm) (A); Myxobolus sp. (B) and Dactylogyrus sp. from the gills of L. seeberi, hamuli and marginal hooks (C), male copulatory complex (D) and vagina (E). Lateral view of Rhabdochona sp. 2 from the intestine, anterior end of female (F) and male (G), posterior end of male (H); metacercariae of Diplostomidae (I) from black cysts on skin. Scale bars: 10 μm (B); 50 μm (D, E); 100 μm (C, F, G, H, I).

Fig. 2 in Working towards a conservation plan for fish parasites: Cyprinid parasites from the south African cape fold freshwater ecoregion as a case study

Fig. 2. Cheilobarbus serra (Peters, 1864) (max. length: 350 mm) (A); adult Paradiplozoon sp. (B) and sclerites in attachment clamps (C, D) found on the gills; hamuli of Gyrodactylus sp. (E) and marginal hooks (F), and a pre-metamorphic stage of the copepod belonging to the Lernaeidae (G), both from the gills. Anterior (H) and posterior (I) ends of Rhabdochona sp. 1 (lateral view) from the intestine; (J) whole specimen of the Caryophyllidea. Scale bars: 10 μm (E, F); 100 μm (C, D, G, H, I); 500 μm (B); 1000 μm (J).

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FIGURE 2. Schematic showing hypothesized flow patterns within the hydrospire folds. 2.1 in Visualizing the fluid flow through the complex skeletonized respiratory structures of a blastoid echinoderm

FIGURE 2. Schematic showing hypothesized flow patterns within the hydrospire folds. 2.1, In Hypothesis 1, the flow has an adoral component representing respiratory leakage. 2.2, In Hypothesis 2, the flow is entirely radial, without leakage. See text for further discussion.

Fig. 5. Berthelinia singaporensis development. A–D in A fold in the visor: formation of the bivalved shell in Berthelinia singaporensis Jensen, 2015 (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa), with notes on spawning and development

Fig. 5. Berthelinia singaporensis development. A–D, SEM micrographs of larval shells of newly hatched veligers from different aspects, showing sinistral coiling, suture (C), and faint growth lines (C–D); E, SEM micrograph of larval operculum; F, light micrograph of newly hatched veliger larva showing the radula (circled).

Fig. 3 in A fold in the visor: formation of the bivalved shell in Berthelinia singaporensis Jensen, 2015 (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa), with notes on spawning and development

Fig. 3. Intra-capsular development of Berthelinia singaporensis. A, complete gastrula (day 3); B, early veliger, shell not coiled; velum visible (day 4); C, D, early veliger (day 5) with pigment along shell aperture and in suture; E, veliger larvae (day 6) with eyespots; F, large veliger larvae (day 10) with operculum (arrowhead) and foot (arrow).

Fig. 1 in A fold in the visor: formation of the bivalved shell in Berthelinia singaporensis Jensen, 2015 (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa), with notes on spawning and development

Fig. 1. Adult Berthelinia singaporensis, spawning and complete egg masses. A, specimen on Caulerpa racemosa; B, specimen crawling on petri-dish; C, D, specimen spawning. Notice head moving from side to side and opaque content of egg capsules during spawning (circled in D). E, complete egg mass on Caulerpa lentillifera; F, another egg mass with more developed embryos. Blue arrows indicate eggs moving inside oviduct through mucus gland; red arrowheads indicate eggs exiting female gonopore and being transported along spawn groove to mouth area.

Fig. 8 in A fold in the visor: formation of the bivalved shell in Berthelinia singaporensis Jensen, 2015 (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa), with notes on spawning and development

Fig. 8. Juvenile development of Berthelinia singaporensis. A–B, right side and dorsal view of late metamorphosis stage; right valve soft and smaller, hinge line complete; C–D, left and right view of early juvenile; right and left valves same size; E, larger juvenile on Caulerpa; F, larger juvenile with adult shell shape (taller anteriorly) and some brown pigment spots.

Fig. 11 in A fold in the visor: formation of the bivalved shell in Berthelinia singaporensis Jensen, 2015 (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa), with notes on spawning and development

Fig. 11. SEM micrographs of early juvenile Berthelinia singaporensis. A, right side view showing right valve smaller than left one; B, close-up of hinge line of same showing growth lines continuous across hinge line and right valve flatter than left one; C, left valve of older juvenile showing gap between protoconch aperture and juvenile shell; D, close-up of thickened hinge of same.

Fig. 2 in A fold in the visor: formation of the bivalved shell in Berthelinia singaporensis Jensen, 2015 (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa), with notes on spawning and development

Fig. 2. Early development of Berthelinia singaporensis embryos. A, uncleaved eggs; B, 2-cell stage; C, 2–4-cell stages (1 h); D, 4-cell stage (1 h 20 min); E, 8-cell stage (3 h); F, multi-cell stage (6 h); G, blastula (22 h); H, early gastrula (23 h). Times in parentheses are after first cell division. In E and F, the spiral cleavage pattern is distinct.

Fig. 4 in A fold in the visor: formation of the bivalved shell in Berthelinia singaporensis Jensen, 2015 (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa), with notes on spawning and development

Fig. 4. Hatched larvae of Berthelinia singaporensis. A, veliger larva shortly after hatching; large velar lobes with long cilia; B, newly hatched larva; long cilia on propodial margins as well as on velum; C, crawling veliger larva on Caulerpa (probably C. taxifolia); D, crawling larva from behind, with circular operculum (arrowhead).

Fig. 7 in A fold in the visor: formation of the bivalved shell in Berthelinia singaporensis Jensen, 2015 (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa), with notes on spawning and development

Fig. 7. Stages of shell metamorphosis in Berthelinia singaporensis. A–B, right and left side views of transitional stage with soft, flexible shell flared; C, dorsal view with fold and downwards bent right side of shell; D, right side view with tilted protoconch.

Fig. 10 in A fold in the visor: formation of the bivalved shell in Berthelinia singaporensis Jensen, 2015 (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa), with notes on spawning and development

Fig. 10. SEM micrographs of shell of Berthelinia singaporensis in metamorphosis stage. A, left side of visor-like shell and anterior flared fold; B, ventral view of visor with dried part of mantle fold in aperture; C, close-up of same showing fracture line (arrowhead) where hinge line will form; D, higher magnification of same. In A–C the narrow gap between larval shell (= protoconch) and juvenile shell is visible.