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476 results for “footprints”
Evolutionary footprints of cold adaptation in arctic-alpine Cochlearia (Brassicaceae) – evidence from freezing experiments and electrolyte leakage
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Global 100m Terrestrial Human Footprint (HFP-100)
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Data from: Genomic footprints of hybridization in North Atlantic eels (Anguilla anguilla and A. rostrata)
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Data from: A reaction norm for flowering time plasticity reveals physiological footprints of maize adaptation
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Anthropogenic nitrogen Balance and Riverine Nitrogen Footprint of Agriculture in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin during 1970-2019
These data support the findings of a manuscript by Lu et al. under review in Environmental Research Letters. We used data synthesis and a well-calibrated hydro-ecological model to quantify the dynamics and controls of the riverine N footprint (RNF) within the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB) from 1970 to 2019. These supportive data include (1) Annual synthetic N fertilizer and manure N input from 1970 to 2019 in sub-basins in the MARB; (2) Annual N inputs, outputs, and N balance from 1970 to 2017 in the MARB; (3) Changes in crop production, N load and riverine N footprint in response to key agricultural activities in MARB; (4) Changes in crop production, N load, and riverine N footprint under key agricultural activities at sub-basin level; (5) Annual acreage of major grain crops and total cropland areas in sub-basins of the MARB.
Footprint of the host restriction factors APOBEC3 on the genome of human viruses
<p><span><span>APOBEC3 enzymes are innate immune effectors that introduce mutations into viral genomes. These enzymes are cytidine deaminases which transform cytosine into uracil. They preferentially mutate cytidine preceded by thymidine making the 5'TC motif their favored target. Viruses have evolved different strategies to evade APOBEC3 restriction. Certain viruses actively encode viral proteins antagonizing the APOBEC3s, others passively face the APOBEC3 selection pressure thanks to a depleted genome for APOBEC3-targeted motifs. Hence, the APOBEC3s left on the genome of certain viruses an evolutionary footprint.</span></span></p> <p><span><span>The aim of our study is the identification of these viruses having a genome shaped by the APOBEC3s. We analyzed the genome of 33,400 human viruses for the depletion of APOBEC3-favored motifs. We demonstrate that the APOBEC3 selection pressure impacts at least 22% of all currently annotated human viral species. The <i>papillomaviridae</i> and <i>polyomaviridae</i> are the most intensively footprinted families; evidencing a selection pressure acting genome-wide and on both strands. Members of the <i>parvoviridae</i> family are differentially targeted in term of both magnitude and localization of the footprint. Interestingly, a massive APOBEC3 footprint is present on both strands of the B19 erythroparvovirus; making this viral genome one of the most cleaned sequences for APOBEC3-favored motifs. We also identified the endemic <i>coronaviridae</i> as significantly footprinted. Interestingly, no such footprint has been detected on the zoonotic MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses. In addition to viruses that are footprinted genome-wide, certain viruses are footprinted only on very short sections of their genome. That is the case for the <i>gamma-herpesviridae</i> and <i>adenoviridae</i> where the footprint is localized on the lytic origins of replication. A mild footprint can also be detected on the negative strand of the reverse transcribing HIV-1, HIV-2, HTLV-1 and HBV viruses.</span></span></p> <p><span><span>Together, our data illustrate the extent of the APOBEC3 selection pressure on the human viruses and identify new putatively APOBEC3-targeted viruses.</span></span></p>
Footprints of local adaptation span hundreds of linked genes in the Atlantic silverside genome
The study of local adaptation in the presence of ongoing gene flow is the study of natural selection in action, revealing the functional genetic diversity most relevant to contemporary pressures. In addition to individual genes, genome-wide architecture can itself evolve to enable adaptation. Distributed across a steep thermal gradient along the east coast of North America, Atlantic silversides (Menidia menidia) exhibit an extraordinary degree of local adaptation in a suite of traits, and the capacity for rapid adaptation from standing genetic variation, but we know little about the patterns of genomic variation across the species range that enable this remarkable adaptability. Here we use low-coverage, whole-transcriptome sequencing of Atlantic silversides sampled along an environmental cline to show marked signatures of divergent selection across a gradient of neutral differentiation. Atlantic silversides sampled across 1,371 km of the southern section of its distribution have very low genome-wide differentiation (median FST=0.006 across 1.9 million variants), consistent with historical connectivity and observations of recent migrants. Yet almost 14,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are nearly fixed (FST>0.95) for alternate alleles. Highly differentiated SNPs cluster into four tight linkage disequilibrium blocks (LD) that span hundreds of genes and several megabases. Variants in these LD blocks are disproportionately non-synonymous and concentrated in genes enriched for multiple functions related to known adaptations in silversides, including variation in lipid storage, metabolic rate, and spawning behavior. Elevated levels of absolute divergence and demographic modeling suggest selection maintaining divergence across these blocks under gene flow. These findings represent an extreme case of heterogeneity in levels of differentiation across the genome, and highlight how gene flow shapes genomic architecture in continuous populations. Locally adapted alleles may be common features of populations distributed along environmental gradients, and will likely be key to conserving variation to enable future responses to environmental change.
A before/after intervention study to determine impact on life cycle carbon footprint of converting from single-use to reusable sharps containers in 40 United Kingdom NHS Trusts
<p>The purpose of this study was t<span>o compare Global Warming Potential (GWP) of hospitals converting from single-use to reusable sharps containers (SSC, RSC). Does conversion to RSC result in GWP reduction? </span><span>Using BS PAS 2050:2011 principles, a retrospective, before/after intervention quantitative model together with a purpose-designed, attributional "cradle-to-grave" life cycle tool, were used to determine the annual GHG emissions of the two sharps containment systems. Functional unit was total fill-line litres (FLL) of sharps containers needed to dispose of sharps for one-year period in 40 trusts. Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions were included. Results were workload-normalised using NHS national hospital patient-workload indicators. A sensitivity analysis examined areas of data variability.</span></p> <p><span><b>Setting</b>. Acute-care hospital trusts in United Kingdom.</span></p> <p><span><b>Participants</b>. 40 NHS hospital Trusts using RSC.</span></p> <p><span><b>Intervention</b>. <span>Conversion from SSC to RSC. SSC and RSC usage details in </span><span>17 base-line trusts immediately prior to 2018 were applied to the RSC usage details of the 40 trusts using RSC in 2019</span><span>.</span></span></p> <p><span><span>The comparison of GWP </span>calculated in carbon dioxide equivalents (CO<sub>2</sub>e)<span> generated in the manufacture, transport, service and disposal of</span> 12 months, hospital-wide usage of both containment systems in the 40 trusts. </span><span>The 40 trusts converting to RSC reduced their combined annual GWP by 3267.4 tonnes CO<sub>2</sub>e (-83.9%); eliminated incineration of 900.8 tonnes of plastic; eliminated disposal/recycling of 132.5 tonnes of cardboard; and reduced container exchanges by 61.1%. GHG as kg CO<sub>2</sub>e/1000 FLL were 313.0 and 50.7 for SSC and RSC systems respectively. A sensitivity analysis showed substantial GHG reductions within unit processes could be achieved, however their impact on relevant final GWP comparison varied <5% from base comparison.</span> Adopting RSC is an example of a sustainable purchasing decision that can assist trusts meet NHS GHG reduction targets and can reduce GWP permanently with minimal staff behaviour-change.</p>
Tertrapod Footprints - Valentia Island
reland is littered with wonderful archaeological sites, but not many people are aware that off the south costs on the Island of Valenta lies a set of animal footprints which were made somewhere between 350 and 370 million years ago. The Tetrapod (four limbed[foot]) footprints were made by one of the first amphibians and represents the transition of life from water to land – a momentous turning point in evolution and provides the oldest reliably dated evidence of four legged vertebrates (amphibians) moving over land. The Valentia Island Tetrapod footprints are the most extensive of the four Devonian trackways in the world. (The others are in Tarbet Ness, Scotland; Genoa River, NSW Australia; Glen Isla, Victoria Australia). Access to the track way is by a pathway down to the rocks. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
C. nogradensis footprints from I9 quadrate
**Description:**<br> **Location**: Site 2 of Ipolytarnóc locality, Hungary<br> **Position**: I9 quadrate of site 2<br> **Age**: Lower Miocene<br> **Material**: A trackway includes right pes (I9/1), right manus (I9/2), left pest (I9/3) and left manus (I9/4)<br> **Reference**: Gábor Botfalvai, János Magyar, Veronika Watah, Imre Szarvas & Péter Szolyák (2022): Large-sized pentadactyl carnivore footprints from the early Miocene fossil track site at Ipolytarnóc (Hungary): 3D data presentation and ichnotaxonomical revision, Historical Biology,<br> DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2022.2109967<br> Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Thuquibah Spanish Excavation, Ancient Footprints
During the excavation carried out in 2020 in one of the houses of the Iron Age settlement of Thuqeibah the original mud flooring of one of the rooms was discovered, dated around 900 BC. On its surface, this pavement has preserved several dozen footprints of bare human feet, undoubtedly generated by the builders of the time. The anthropometric study of these footprints is of the utmost interest for the knowledge of the population of the place in the Iron Age, but given the difficult climatic conditions of the area, it could not be carried out without the help of an extremely precise 3D digital model. The excavation was carried out by a Spanish research team from the U. Autónoma de Madrid. Model processed by GDH. Cerro Linares, C. et al. (2014). "Proyecto al Madam (Sharjah, Emiratos Árabes Unidos). Las comunidades campesinas y la cultura de los oasis durante la Edad del Hierro en la península de Omán". In Anejos de Nailos. Estudios Interdisciplinares de Arqueología, nº 1, pp. 99-117. ISSN: 2341-3573. 790 Pho. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Triassic turtle footprint
**Icnoespecie:** *Chelonypus* isp. **Descripción:** rastro de desplazamiento de quelonio formada en ambientes deltaicos de poca profundidad y registradas como hiporelieve convexo en arenisca roja de grano grueso. Se aprecian tres huellas con dígitos y arañazos y el rastro de la cola que atraviesa una de las huellas **Numero de Registro**: MGUV **Edad:** Carniense (Triasico Superior) **Localidad:** (Valencia, España) **Clasificación etológica**: Repichnia **Icnofacies:** Psilonichnus **Técnica digitalización / modelo:** escáner 3D (Einscan Pro) **Software empleado:** einscan Pro v3.1. **Parámetros software:** modo manual , calidad media Archivo 3D:** Obj 161 Mb , textura JPG 23 Mb **Autor escáner y procesado:** Jose A. Villena **Colección:** Colección icnofósiles del Museo de la Universitat de València de Historia Natural **Referencia bibliográfica** https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.11.025 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Moon footprint
This is the iconic footprint left in 1969 by "Buzz" Aldrin on the Moon. You can see an article about this and other traces left in the moon surface here: Half a century after the first bootprint on the lunar surface: The ichnological side of the Moon. Earth Science Reviews. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012825220304980 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103452 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Footprints of the Jomon man (縄文人の足跡)
In 1992, the Jomon person's footprints were discovered at the Shirozaka site in Moriyoshi, Kita-Akita City, Akita Prefecture, Japan. They were discovered for the first time in Akita prefecture, and since they have great archaeological importance, they were cut out from the site and have preserved in the storage room. It was concluded that this person was most likely a male because these footprints were large with well-developed muscles and large toes. And based on the foot length and walking width, he was estimated to be about 160 cm tall. -------- in Japanese -------- 1992(平成4)年、秋田県北秋田市森吉の白坂(しろざか)遺跡で縄文人の足跡が発見されました。足跡は県内で初めての発見であり、考古学的にも非常に重要なものであるため、発掘現場から切り取って収蔵庫に保存しています。 足跡は母趾が大きく発達し、全体に大型で肉付きが良いことから、男性である可能性が高いと判断できます。また、足長と歩幅から、身長は約160cmであったと推定されます。 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Dinosaur footprint from Hanover Point, IOW, UK.
An ornithopod dinosaur (iguanodontian) footprint 3D model from Hanover Point, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom. Its measurements for its foot length is 59 cm and foot width is 65 cm. The pink pencil for scale is 15 cm long and is located on the middle digit. Scanned on 17th September, 2021. For academic and educational purpose only. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Tertrapod Footprints - Valentia Island
Ireland is littered with wonderful archaeological sites, but not many people are aware that off the south costs on the Island of Valenta lies a set of animal footprints which were made somewhere between 350 and 370 million years ago. The Tetrapod (four limbed[foot]) footprints were made by one of the first amphibians and represents the transition of life from water to land – a momentous turning point in evolution and provides the oldest reliably dated evidence of four legged vertebrates (amphibians) moving over land. The Valentia Island Tetrapod footprints are the most extensive of the four Devonian trackways in the world. (The others are in Tarbet Ness, Scotland; Genoa River, NSW Australia; Glen Isla, Victoria Australia). Access to the track way is by a pathway down to the rocks. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
P. maxima footprints from K10 quadrate
**Description:**<br> **Location**: Site 1 of Ipolytarnóc locality, Hungary<br> **Position**: K10 quadrate of site 1<br> **Age**: Lower Miocene<br> **Material**: Imprints of right pes and left manus<br> **Reference**: Gábor Botfalvai, János Magyar, Veronika Watah, Imre Szarvas & Péter Szolyák (2022): Large-sized pentadactyl carnivore footprints from the early Miocene fossil track site at Ipolytarnóc (Hungary): 3D data presentation and ichnotaxonomical revision, Historical Biology,<br> DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2022.2109967<br> Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Possible fossilized footprint
This 3D scan of a fossil was discovered in the American southwest. It possibly shows a footprint preserved in stone, but further study is required. If you would like to help study this fossil, please contact us directly, thank you!  Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Data from: Genomic footprint of cladogenesis revealed through RADseq and Sanger sequencing demonstrates congruent patterns in the velvet worm Peripatopsis sedgwicki species complex (Onychophora: Peripatopsidae)
<p>In the present study, first generation DNA sequencing (mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit one, <em>COI</em>) and reduced-representative genomic RADseq data were used to understand the patterns and processes of diversification of the velvet worm, <em>Peripatopsis sedgwicki</em> species complex across its distribution range in South Africa. For the RADseq data, three datasets (two primary and one supplementary) were generated corresponding to 1259 - 11,468 SNPs, in order to assess the species diversity and phylogeographic of the species complex. Tree topologies for the two primary datasets were inferred using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inferences methods. Phylogenetic analyses using the <em>COI </em>datasets retrieved four distinct, statistically well-supported clades within the species complex. Five species delimitation methods applied to the <em>COI </em>data (ASAP, bPTP, bGMYC, STACEY, and iBPP) all showed support for the distinction of the Fort Fordyce Nature Reserve specimens. In the main <em>P. sedgwicki </em>species complex, the species delimitation methods revealed a variable number of operational taxonomic units and overestimated the number of putative taxa. Divergence time estimates coupled with the geographic exclusivity of species and phylogeographic results suggest recent cladogenesis during the Plio/Pleistocene. The RADseq were subjected to a principal components analysis and a discriminant analysis of principal components, under a maximum-likelihood framework. The latter results corroborate the four main clades observed using the <em>COI</em> data, however, applying additional filtering revealed additional diversity. The high overall congruence observed between the RADseq and <em>COI </em>data suggests that first generation sequence data remain a cheap and effective method for evolutionary studies, although RADseq does provide a far greater resolution of contemporary temporo-spatial patterns. </p>
Carbon footprint of synthetic nitrogen under staple crops: A first cradle-to-grave analysis
<p>More than half of the world's population is nourished by crops fertilized with synthetic nitrogen (N). However, N fertilization is a major source of anthropogenic emissions, augmenting the carbon footprint (CF). To date, no global quantification of the CF induced by N fertilization of the main grain crops has been performed, and quantifications at the national scale have neglected the CO<sub>2</sub> assimilated by plants. A first Cradle-Grave life cycle assessment was performed to quantify the CF of the N fertilizers' production, transportation, and application to the field and the uses of the produced biomass in livestock feed, human food, and biofuel production. We quantified direct and indirect inventories emitted or sequestered by the N fertilization of grain crops (wheat, maize, and rice). Grain food produced with N fertilization had a net CF of 7.4 Gt CO<sub>2</sub>eq. in 2019 after excluding the assimilated C in plant biomass, which accounted for a quarter of the total CF. The Cradle (fertilizer production and transportation), Gate (fertilizer application, and soil and plant systems), and Grave (feed, food, biofuel, and losses) stages contributed to the CF by 2, 11, and 87%, respectively. Although Asia was the top grain producer, North America contributed 38% of the CF due to the greatest CF of the Grave stage (2.5 Gt CO<sub>2</sub>eq.). The CF of grain crops will increase to 21.2 Gt CO<sub>2</sub>eq. in 2100, driven by the rise in N fertilization to meet the growing food demand without actions to stop the decline in N use efficiency. To meet the targets of climate change, we introduced an ambitious mitigation strategy, including the improvement of N agronomic efficiency (6% average target for the three crops) and manufacturing technology, reducing food losses, and global conversion to healthy diets, whereby the CF can be reduced to 5.6 Gt CO<sub>2</sub>eq. in 2100.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.