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263 results for “forest fire”
Data from: Tree growth responses to extreme drought after mechanical thinning and prescribed fire in a Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest, USA
<p class="MsoNormal">An estimated 128 M trees died during the 2012-2016 California drought, largely in the southern Sierra Nevada Range. Prescribed burning and mechanical thinning are widely used to reduce fuels and restore ecosystem properties, but it is unclear if these treatments improve tree growth and vigor during extreme drought. This study examined tree growth responses after thinning, prescribed burning, and extreme drought at the Teakettle Experimental Forest, a historically frequent fire mixed-conifer forest in the southern Sierra Nevada of California, USA. Mechanical thinning (no thin, understory thin, and overstory thin) and prescribed burning (unburned, fall burning) were implemented in 2000-2001. Using annual growth data from increment cores, over 10,000 mapped and measured trees, and lidar-derived metrics of solar radiation and topographic wetness, we had two primary questions. First, what were the growth responses to thinning and prescribed burning treatments, and did these responses persist during the 2012-2016 drought? Second, what tree-level attributes and environmental conditions influenced growth responses to treatments and drought?</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Thinning increased residual tree growth and that response persisted through extreme drought 10 -15 years after treatments. Growth responses were higher in overstory versus understory thinning, with differences between thinning types more pronounced during drought. Species-specific growth responses were strongest with overstory thinning, with sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) and incense-cedar (Calocedrus decurrens) having higher growth responses compared to white fir (Abies concolor) and Jeffery pine (Pinus jeffreyi). For individual trees, factors associated with higher growth responses were declining pretreatment growth trend, smaller tree size, and post-treatment low neighborhood basal area. Growth responses were initially not influenced by topography, but topographic wetness became important during extreme drought. Mechanical thinning resulted in durable increases in residual tree growth rates during extreme drought over a decade after thinning occurred, indicating treatment longevity in mitigating drought stress. In contrast, tree growth did not improve after prescribed burning, likely due to fire effects that reduced surface fuels, but had little effect on reducing tree density. Thinning treatments promoted durable growth responses, but focusing on stand-level metrics may ignore important tree-level attributes such as localized competition and topography associated with higher water availability. Mechanical thinning was effective at improving growth in trees that had been experiencing declining growth trends, but was less effective in improving growth responses in large old higher ecological importance.</p>
Direct and indirect effects of fire on microbial communities in a pyrodiverse dry-sclerophyll forest
<p>Fire is one of the predominant drivers of the structural and functional dynamics of forest ecosystems. In recent years, novel fire regimes have posed a major challenge to the management of pyrodiverse forests. While previous research efforts have focused on quantifying the impacts of fire on above-ground forest biodiversity, how microbial communities respond to fire is less understood, despite their functional significance.</p> <p>Here, we describe the effects of time since fire, fire frequency and their interaction on soil and leaf litter fungal and bacterial communities from the pyrodiverse, <em>Eucalyptus pilularis</em> forests of south-eastern Australia. Using structural equation models, we also elucidate how fire can influence these communities both directly and indirectly through biotic-abiotic interactions.</p> <p>Our results demonstrate that fire is a key driver of litter and soil bacterial and fungal communities, with effects most pronounced for soil fungal communities. Notably, recently burnt forest hosted lower abundances of symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi and Acidobacteria in the soil, and basidiomycetous fungi and Actinobacteriota in the litter. Compared with low fire frequencies, high fire frequency increased soil fungal plant pathogens, but reduced Actinobacteriota. The majority of fire effects on microbial communities were mediated by fire-induced changes in litter and soil abiotic properties. For instance, recent and more frequent fire was associated with reduced soil sulphur, which led to an increase in soil fungal plant pathogens and saprotrophic fungi in these sites. Pathogenic fungi also increased in recently burnt forests that had a low fire frequency, mediated by a decline in litter carbon and an increase in soil pH in these sites.</p> <p><em>Synthesis</em>. Our findings indicate that predicted increases in the frequency of fire <span>may select for specific microbial communities directly and indirectly through ecological interactions, which may have functional implications</span> for plants (increase in pathogens, decrease in symbionts), decomposition rates (declines in Actinobacteriota and Acidobacteriota) and carbon storage (decrease in ectomycorrhizal fungi). In the face of predicted shifts in wildfire regimes, which may exacerbate fire-induced changes in microbial communities, adaptive fire-management and monitoring is required to address the potential functional implications of fire-altered microbial communities<span>.</span></p>
The effects of a half century of warming and fire exclusion on montane forests of the Klamath Mountains, California, USA
<p>These files are the raw data used in the manuscript "Effects of a half century of warming and fire exclusion on montane forests of the Klamath Mountains, California, USA"</p> <p>Manuscript authors: Erik S. Jules, Melissa H. DeSiervo, Matthew J. Reilly, Drew S. Bost, and Ramona J. Butz</p> <p>Climate warming and altered disturbance regimes are changing forest composition and structure worldwide. Given that species often exhibit individualistic responses to change, making predictions about the cumulative effects of multiple stressors across environmental gradients is challenging, especially in diverse communities. For example, warming temperatures are predicted to drive species upslope, while fire exclusion promotes expansion of species at lower elevations where fire was historically frequent.</p> <p>We resampled 148 vegetation plots to assess 46-years (1969 to 2015) of species and community-level response to warming and fire exclusion in a topographically complex landscape in the Klamath Mountains, California (USA), a diverse region that served as a climate refugia throughout the Holocene. We compared cover and assessed change in the elevational distributions of 12 conifer species at different life stages (i.e., seedlings, saplings, canopy).</p> <p>We observed consistent but non-significant shifts upward in elevation for eight species, and a significant shift upward for one species, all of which were far less than expectations based on recent warming. Six species declined in total cover and another five declined in at least one life stage, while the drought- and fire-intolerant <em>Abies concolor</em> increased by 30.7%. The largest declines were at lower elevations in drought-tolerant, early seral species (<em>Pinus lambertiana</em> and <em>Pinus ponderosa</em>) and at higher elevations for the shade-tolerant <em>Abies magnifica</em> var. <em>shastensis</em> and the regionally rare <em>Abies lasiocarpa</em>. Regionally rare (<em>Picea engelmannii</em>) and endemic (<em>Picea breweriana</em>) species had reductions in early life stages, portending future declines. Multivariate analyses revealed a high degree of inertia with a minor but significant shift in composition and a slight decrease in species turnover along the elevation gradient driven by expansion of <em>A. concolor</em>. Our results indicate that most species are declining, especially at lower- and mid-elevations where fire exclusion increased cover of shade-tolerant species and reduced recruitment for fire-adapted species. Collectively, declines in most species, insufficient upward movement to track warming, reductions in drought- and fire-tolerant early seral species, and an increase in a single, shade-tolerant species will leave these communities maladapted to projected climate scenarios and questions the potential for future climate refugia in this region.</p>
Resilience of a tropical montane pine forest to fire and severe droughts
<p><span>1. Higher temperatures, declining precipitation, changing cloud cover, and increased wildfires threaten tropical montane pine forests by overriding the environmental heterogeneity that typically buffers these systems from catastrophic fires. Severe fires threaten to overwhelm forest resilience and tip this biome into alternate vegetation states.</span></p> <p><span>2. This study focused on long-term dynamics of montane <em>Pinus</em> <em>occidentalis</em> forests in the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic, after a ~1000 km<sup>2</sup> fire in 2005, the largest since 1965</span>. <span>We used long-term records to investigate climate before and after the fire and a 19-year dataset of pre- and post-fire vegetation change from a network of 55 permanent plots (20 small </span>0.05 ha<span> plots and 35 large 0.1 ha plots) established in 1999 to model overstorey and understorey vegetation dynamics. </span></p> <p><span>3. The 2005 fire was synchronized with the most extreme drought in the region in over 60 years. The fire burned from < 1600 to > 3000 m a.s.l. in elevation across windward and leeward slopes, creating a mosaic of low-, moderate-, and high-severity patches. L</span><span>ower elevations</span><span>, </span><span>leeward slopes, and stands </span><span>with a higher proportion of smaller pine trees</span><span> all burned at higher severities. </span></p> <p><span>4. Growth rates of trees that survived the fire remained lower than pre-fire rates 13 years after the fire. The </span><span>highest mortality rates were soon after the fire and in the census immediately after the post-fire droughts</span><span>. Post-fire pine seedling abundance was significantly greater in stands with higher basal area of live canopy trees and significantly reduced by increased shrub abundance in the understorey. Understorey composition recovered rapidly to pre-fire states in sites affected by low- and moderate-severity fires, but sites affected by high-severity fires remained dissimilar to pre-fire composition</span> 13 years after the fire<span>. Even though high-severity patches had persistently low pine regeneration, 100% of </span>small <span>plots and 96% of large plots had at least one pine sapling or canopy tree recruit by 2018. Shrub taxa survived the fire in higher numbers and recovered to pre-fire densities much faster than the pine, especially in high-severity burns.</span></p> <p><span>5. Synthesis</span><span>. Climate change has increased the likelihood of wildfires in tropical montane pine forests, with long-lasting effects on vegetation dynamics. However, this</span> biome may prove resilient to increasingly severe fires in the near future<span>, given the ongoing recovery of <em>Pinus occidentalis</em> forests</span> in Hispaniola <span>despite repeated severe droughts. Nevertheless, highly drought- and fire-resistant taxa (e.g. shrubs) may form alternate stable states in drier portions of tropical montane landscapes in the future as droughts and high-severity fires become more common.</span></p>
Raster-based dataset for spatio-temporal analysis of forest fires in the Amazon rainforest from 2001 to 2020
<p>Forest fire incidents are becoming increasingly common around the world, posing a threat to the environment, economy, and social life. These wildfires are further expected to rise in their frequency and intensity, considering the global climate change and human activities. A variety of attributes must be studied in order to analyse relationships between the probable causes of fire and the characteristics of wildfire incidents, and inform decision-making. Such attributes are available or easily collectable in various regions around the world, but they are not readily available in the South American Amazon. The Amazon rainforest covers such a large area that acquiring a useful dataset necessitates extensive effort and computer intensive pre-processing. The associated study to this dataset investigates potential data sources for the Amazon, establishes a methodological baseline, and prepares a dataset of covariates thought to be contributing to the wildfire ignition process. The dataset is intended to be used for forest fire studies, specifically spatio-temporal and statistical analysis of wildfires. The study provides three sets of (i) raw data (acquired data with a global extent), (ii) pre-processed data (source data transformed to the same projection system and same file format), and (iii) working data (cropped to Amazon region extent with spatial resolution of 500 meters and monthly temporal resolution, to enable the scientific community to work with various possibilities of forest-fire analysis, and to further encourage research in study areas in the other parts of the world. </p>
Data from: Tamm Review: a meta-analysis of thinning, prescribed fire, and wildfire effects on subsequent wildfire severity in conifer dominated forests of the Western US
<p>Increased understanding of how active forest management (i.e., mechanical thinning, prescribed burning, and managed wildfire) affects subsequent wildfire severity is urgently needed as people and forests face a growing wildfire crisis. In response, we reviewed scientific literature for the US West and completed a meta-analysis that answered three questions: (1) How much do treatments reduce wildfire severity within treated areas? (2) How do the effects vary with treatment type, treatment age, and forest type? (3) How does fire weather moderate the effects of treatments? We found overwhelming evidence that mechanical thinning with prescribed burning, mechanical thinning with pile burning, and prescribed burning only are effective at reducing subsequent wildfire severity, resulting in reductions in severity from 62% to 72% relative to untreated areas. In comparison, thinning only was less effective – underscoring the importance of treating surface fuels when mitigating wildfire severity is the management goal. The efficacy of these treatments did not vary among forest types assessed in this study and was high across a range of fire weather conditions. Prior wildfire had more complex impacts on subsequent wildfire severity, which varied with forest type and initial wildfire severity. Across treatment types, we found that effectiveness of treatments declined over time, with the mean reduction in wildfire severity decreasing nearly threefold when wildfire occurred greater than 10 years after initial treatment. Our meta-analysis provides up-to-date information on the extent to which active forest management reduces wildfire severity and facilitates better outcomes for people and forests during future wildfire events. </p>
Effects of fire and invasive plants on tropical dry forest restorartion
<p>The data collected is part of monitoring the ecological restoration process in a tropical dry forest. In this process, my research team conducted an experimental exercise, aiming to assess the natural regeneration around planted seedlings in burned sites compared to unburned sites. Additionally, we aimed to examine the effects of invasive species recruits and ruderal vegetation removal on seedlings and natural regeneration in both burned and unburned sites. For this research, we measured the planted seedlings and recorded the following data: height, weight, crown diameter, amount of radiation, and distance from the remaining forest edge. Furthermore, we counted the number of recruits, identified and searched for invasive potential in another database such as CABI.</p> <p>The planted seedlings were measured at two times; the first measurement was taken four months after planting, immediately after removing the ruderal vegetation around them. Forty-five days later, another round of ruderal vegetation removal in the plots was conducted, and after an additional 75 days, a final characterization of regeneration was performed</p>
Spatiotemporal evolution of a controlled forest fire near Torre do Pinhão (Portugal)
<p>This dataset represents part of the propagation of a controlled forest fire on March 1, 2019, near Torre do Pinhão, Portugal. The data was generated from a 15-minute video captured using a UAV. The video's description, frame selection and segmentation process are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7944963.<br>The data represents the evolution of the burned region divided into 170 slices. Each slice is represented by a source polygon (S), a target polygon (T) and a one-to-one mapping of the vertices of S in T. Each polygon represents the burned region at a given time instant and each slice represents the evolution of the burned region during a time interval. These data are the inputs of interpolation methods to create a continuous representation of the fire spread, even when the original video frames are not good, for instance, due to occlusion of the area of interest by smoke. Figure <em>goodCorrespondences.png</em> shows an example of the correspondences between two polygons and the <a title="Interpolation" href="https://tinyurl.com/y4xwvwsb" target="_blank" rel="noopener">video</a> presents the evolution of the burned region obtained using a simple linear interpolation method. The dataset was created using a supervised method. The source code and method description are available on <a href="https://github.com/josemoreiraUA/EES_dataLab" target="_blank" rel="noopener">gitHub</a>.</p> <ul> <li><em>source</em>: the url of the original video (raw data) in zenodo.</li> <li><em>eventData</em>: the date and time of the prescribed forest fire.</li> <li><em>location</em>: the name of the place of the prescribed fire.</li> <li><em>coordinates </em>and <em>coordinatesDMS</em>: the coordinates of the prescribed fire in WSG84. The later represents the coordinates in degrees, minutes and seconds.</li> <li>numberOfFrames: the number of frames extracted from the video.</li> <li><em>correspondences</em>: this is a data structure to represent the correspondences between the polygons delimiting the extent of the burned area in frames (1, 2), (2, 3), … , (169, 170). The key is the number of the slice in [1, 170] and the value is a dictionary with the following keys: <ul> <li><em>frameNbInVideo_source</em>: the number of the frame corresponding to the source polygon for the slice.</li> <li><em>elapsedTimeInVideo_source</em>: the elapsed time in milliseconds since the beginning of the video.</li> <li><em>frameNbInVideo_target</em>: the number of the frame corresponding to the source polygon for the slice.</li> <li><em>numberOfVertices</em>: the number of vertices of the source and target polygons.</li> <li><em>vertexMappings</em> versus <em>sourceCoords </em>and <em>targetCoords</em>: The correspondences between the source and target vertices in each slice are represented in two distinct but equivalent formats. In <strong><em>data_fmtA</em></strong>, the list <em>sourceCoords </em>holds the coordinates (x,y) of the source vertices and the list <em>targetCoords </em>holds the coordinates of the target vertices. The two lists have the same length and the correspondence is given by the position in the list. In <em><strong>data_fmtB</strong></em>, the correspondences are represented in the list <em>vertexMapings </em>where each entry holds the coordinates of the source and corresponding target vertices.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Note that the target polygon in slice <em>i</em> and the source polygon in slice <em>i+1</em> are geometrically identical but they are topologically distinct because the number of vertices differs. This is to ensure that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the vertices of the source and target polygons in each slice. It is up to the vertex correspondence algorithm to add vertices to the source and target polygons to obtain a one-to-one correspondence between those polygons, as described on github. Click here to display a figure with an example of correspondences between the vertices of a source and a target polygons representing the extent of the burned area at two times.</p>
Forest Fire Dataset for Peninsular Malaysia (2001-2023) Extracted from Multiple-Source Remote Sensing Data using Google Earth Engine
<ul> <li>Dataset: Forest Fire data</li> <li>Time Period: 2001 to 2023</li> <li>Location: Peninsular Malaysia</li> <li>Historical Fire Source: MCD64A1 and FIRMS Hotspots</li> <li>Fire Factors Extracted: Global Remote Sensing Data from GEE</li> </ul> <p>The framework extraction process can be reffered from the following publication:</p> <ul> <li>Framework to Create Inventory Dataset for Disaster Behavior Analysis Using Google Earth Engine: A Case Study in Peninsular Malaysia for Historical Forest Fire Behavior Analysis</li> <li>Journal: <em>Forests</em> <strong>2024</strong>, <em>15</em>(6), 923;</li> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/f15060923">https://doi.org/10.3390/f15060923</a></li> <li>The variables name such as AET (actual evapotranspiration) can be found from the article.</li> </ul> <p>Access the framework code from: </p> <ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/chewyeejian/GEE_FrameworkForestFireDataset">https://github.com/chewyeejian/GEE_FrameworkForestFireDataset</a></li> </ul> <p>The time sequence in the variable indicate whether it's a monthly data / yearly accumulated data / seasonal data, example:</p> <ul> <li>200101_aet (Year 2001, Month 01, value for aet (actual evapotranspiration)</li> <li>2001_aet_DJF (Average of December, January, February)</li> <li>2001_aet_MAM (Seasonal Average of March, April, May)</li> <li>2001_aet_JJA (Seasonal Average of June, July, August)</li> <li>2001_aet_SON (Seasonal Average of September, October, November)</li> <li>2001_aet_annual (Annual average of 2001)</li> </ul>
Supporting data for increasing fire activity reinforces shrub conversion in Southwestern US forests
<p>Fire-exclusion in historically frequent-fire forests of the southwestern United States has altered forest structure and increased the probability of high-severity fire. Warmer and drier conditions, coupled with dispersal distance limitations are limiting tree seedling establishment and survival following high-severity fire. Post-fire conversion to non-forest vegetation can be reinforced by subsequent fire events. We sought to determine the influence of fire probability on post-fire vegetation development in a severely burned landscape in New Mexico, USA. We used LANDIS-II to simulate three fire probability scenarios—contemporary mean fire return interval (CMFRI), and 1.5 times and 2 times CMFRI—with contemporary climate. As fire probability increased, the mean size of the largest fires and the mean landscape fire severity increased. These changes in fire characteristics resulted in a net decrease in total above ground biomass and photosynthetic capacity on the landscape. Additionally, the distribution of individual species biomass shifted, with early successional species, especially those that resprout after fire, increasing as a fraction of total biomass with increasing fire occurrence. Continued increases in fire frequency are likely to favor resprouting species and result in a loss of forest biomass and ecosystem productivity in this southwestern forest landscape.</p>
Thinner bark increases sensitivity of wetter Amazonian tropical forests to fire
<p>Understory fires represent an accelerating threat to Amazonian tropical forests and can, during drought, affect larger areas than deforestation itself. These fires kill trees at rates varying from < 10 to c. 90% depending on fire intensity, forest disturbance history and tree functional traits. Here, we examine variation in bark thickness across the Amazon. Bark can protect trees from fires, but it is often assumed to be consistently thin across tropical forests. Here, we show that investment in bark varies, with thicker bark in dry forests and thinner in wetter forests. We also show that thinner bark translated into higher fire‐driven tree mortality in wetter forests, with between 0.67 and 5.86 gigatonnes CO<sub>2</sub> lost in Amazon understory fires between 2001 and 2010. Trait‐enabled global vegetation models that explicitly include variation in bark thickness are likely to improve the predictions of fire effects on carbon cycling in tropical forests.</p>
Data from: Influences of fire–vegetation feedbacks and post-fire recovery rates on forest landscape vulnerability to altered fire regimes
1. In the context of on-going climatic warming, forest landscapes face increasing risk of conversion to non-forest vegetation through alteration of their fire regimes and their post-fire recovery dynamics. However, this pressure could be amplified or dampened, depending on how fire-driven changes to vegetation feed back to alter the extent or behavior of subsequent fires. 2. Here we develop a mathematical model to formalize understanding of how fire–vegetation feedbacks and the time to forest recovery following high-severity (i.e., stand-replacing) fire affect the extent and stability of forest cover across landscapes facing altered fire regimes. We evaluate responses to increasing burn rates while varying the direction (negative vs. positive) of fire–vegetation feedbacks under a continuum of values for feedback strength and post-fire recovery time to determine how interactions among these variables produce thresholds and tipping points in landscape responses to changing fire regimes. 3. Where the early-seral vegetation is less fire-prone than older forests, negative feedbacks limited the reductions in forest cover in response to increased fire frequency or slower forest recovery. By contrast, positive feedbacks (more flammable early-seral vegetation) produced a tipping point beyond which increased burn rates or slower forest recovery drove extensive forest loss. 4. With negative feedbacks, the rates of forest loss and expansion in response to variation in fire frequency were similar. However, where feedbacks are positive, the conversion from predominantly forested to non-forested conditions in response to increased fire frequency was faster than the re-expansion of forest cover following a return to the initial burn rate. Strengthening the positive feedbacks increased this asymmetry. 5. Synthesis. Our analyses elucidate how fire–vegetation feedbacks and post-fire recovery rates interact to affect the trajectories and rates of landscape response to altered fire regimes. We illustrate the vulnerability of ecosystems with positive fire–vegetation feedbacks to climate change-driven increases in fire activity, especially where post-fire recovery is slow. Although negative feedbacks initially provide resistance to forest loss with increasing burn rates, this resistance is eventually overwhelmed with sufficient increases to burn rates relative to recovery times.
Fire recurrence and time since last fire interact to determine the supply of multiple ecosystem services by Mediterranean forests
<p>Wildfires shape the composition and functioning of Mediterranean ecosystems, but we do not know how these ecosystems respond to both the higher fire recurrence and shorter recovery times expected for future climatic scenarios. We sampled 29 plots with different fire recurrences (from 0 to 4 fires over the past decades) and time since the last fire (up to 35 years; hereafter TSLF) in Southeast Spain, to assess the effect of fire recurrence and TSLF on 25 ecosystem attributes, five related ecosystem services (biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration, disturbance regulation, food production, and supporting services), plus the synergies and trade-offs between them. High fire recurrence (number of fires) and TSLF interacted to determine ecosystem services but did not affect the synergies and trade-offs between them. Fire recurrence reduced many ecosystem functions and ecosystem multifunctionality. However, this effect dampened, and even became positive, for biodiversity conservation and food production services provided enough (> 20 years) time to recover. The combined effects of fire recurrence and TSLF, however, reduced carbon sequestration and had no overall effects on supporting services. Disturbance regulation, in turn, diminished drastically with the first fire, with no effect of further fires or their interaction with TSLF. Our results show which ecosystem services will suffer more from an increase in fire recurrence, and where restoration and management efforts should focus to maximize the provision of those services more demanded by stakeholders.</p>
Biophysic and socioeconomic drivers of burned area and carbon emissions from fires in the Pantropical tropical dry forests
<p><span>The global burned area declined by nearly one-quarter between 1998 and 2015. Drylands contain a large proportion of these global fires but there are important differences within the drylands, e.g., savannas and tropical dry forests (TDF). Savannas, a biome fire-prone and fire-adapted, have reduced the burned area, while the fire in the TDF is one of the most critical factors impacting biodiversity and carbon emissions. Moreover, under climate change scenarios TDF is expected to increase its current extent and raise the risk of fires. Despite regional and global scale effects, and the influence of this ecosystem on the global carbon cycle, little effort has been dedicated to studying the influence of climate (seasonality and extreme events) and socioeconomic conditions of fire regimen in TDF. Here we use the Global Fire Emissions Database and, climate and socioeconomic metrics to better understand long-term factors explaining the variation in burned area and biomass in TDF at the Pantropical scale. On average, fires affected 1.4% of the total TDF' area (60,208 km<sup>2</sup>) and burned 24.4% (259.6 Tg) of the global burned biomass annually at Pantropical scales. Climate modulators largely influence local and regional fire regimes. Inter-annual variation in fire regime is shaped by El Niño and La Niña. During El Niño and the forthcoming year of La Niña, there is an increment in extension (35.2 and 10.3%) and carbon emissions (42.9 and 10.6%). Socioeconomic indicators such as land management and population were modulators of the size of both, burned area and carbon emissions. Moreover, fires may reduce the capability to reach the target of "half protected species" in the globe, i.e., high-severity fires are recorded in ecoregions classified as nature could reach half protected. These observations may contribute to improving fire management.</span></p>
Fire severity as a key determinant of aboveground and belowground biological community recovery in managed even-aged boreal forests
<p><span>Changes in fire regime of boreal forests in response to climate warming are expected to impact post-fire recovery. However, quantitative data on how managed forests sustain and recover from recent fire disturbance are limited. </span></p> <p><span>Two years after a large wildfire in managed even-aged boreal forests in Sweden,</span><span> we investigated how recovery of aboveground and belowground communities, i.e., understory vegetation and soil microbial and faunal communities, responded to variation in the severity of soil (i.e., consumption of soil organic matter) and canopy fires (i.e., tree mortality). </span></p> <p><span>While fire overall enhanced diversity of understory vegetation through colonization of fire adapted plant species, it reduced the abundance and diversity of soil biota. We observed contrasting effects of tree- and soil-related fire severity on survival and recovery of understory vegetation and soil biological communities. </span><span>Severe fires that killed overstory <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> promoted a successional stage dominated by the mosses <em>Ceratodon purpureus</em> and <em>Polytrichum juniperum</em>, but reduced regeneration of tree seedlings and disfavoured the ericaceous dwarf-shrub<em> Vaccinium vitis-idaea</em> and the grass<em> Deschampsia flexuos</em>a. Moreover, high tree mortality from fire reduced fungal biomass and changed fungal community composition, in particular that of ectomycorrhizal fungi, and reduced the fungivorous soil Oribatida. In contrast, soil-related fire severity had little impact on vegetation composition, fungal communities and soil animals. Bacterial communities responded to both tree- and soil-related fire severity. </span></p> <p><span>Synthesis: Our results two years post-fire suggest that a change in fire regime from a historically low-severity ground-fire regime, with fires that mainly burns into the soil organic layer, to a </span><span>stand-replacing </span><span>fire regime with a high degree of tree mortality, as may be expected with climate change, is likely to impact the short-term recovery of stand structure and above- and belowground species composition of even-aged <em>P. sylvestris</em> </span><span>boreal forests.</span></p>
Systematic review of post-fire forest recovery at high latitudes
<p><span>Through this systematic review, we sought to determine the general relationship between post-fire tree regeneration densities and latitude in forests above 40º N/S. We expected regeneration densities post-fire would decrease with increasing latitude, and that forest regeneration would be negatively impacted by high burn severities, forest management, harsh site conditions, and unprotected microsites. We also anticipated that light-demanding species with adaptations to fire would replace shade-tolerant species that lack such adaptations post-fire. To achieve our objective and test our hypotheses, we analyzed 93 articles that directly measured post-fire regeneration at or above 40º N/S.</span></p>
Data from: Canopy seed survival through extreme fire in non-serotinous conifers: An unexpected source of forest resilience
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California subalpine forest post-fire conifer regeneration data
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Data from: Fire, fragmentation, and windstorms: a recipe for tropical forest degradation
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Data from: Bioturbation by mammals and fire interact to alter ecosystem-level nutrient dynamics in longleaf pine forests
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.