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257 results for “forest landscapes”
Data set for "Landscape-variability of the carbon balance across managed boreal forests"
<p>This data set is a compilation of biometric- and chamber-based annual CO<sub>2</sub> flux estimates obtained during the period 2016–2018. Data were collected in 50 main forest stands within the Krycklan Catchment Study (KCS, https://www.slu.se/Krycklan), a multi-scale long-term monitored boreal catchment spanning 68 km<sup>2</sup> in northern Sweden. Seven additional old forest stands were also included with the aim to reconcile our CO<sub>2</sub> flux estimates for the old age class.</p> <p>Selected forest stands encompassed different landscape attributes: 1) soil type (i.e., sediment and till), 2) dominant tree species (i.e., pine and spruce), and 3) stand age class (i.e., initiation, young, middle-aged, mature, and old stands). Annual CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes included are the following: net ecosystem production (NEP), net primary production (NPP), net primary production of trees (NPP<sub>t</sub>), net primary production of understory (NPP<sub>u</sub>) as well as total heterotrophic respiration (RH) and its soil and dead wood components (RH<sub>s</sub> and RH<sub>dw</sub>, respectively). All component CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes are presented as positive terms, whereas positive and negative NEP refers to net C sink and source, respectively.</p> <p>It also includes a set of potential abiotic and biotic drivers controlling NEP and its component fluxes at the landscape-scale.</p> <p>This data set is composed of three Microsoft Excel worksheets: readme, metadata, and data.</p> <p>More details can be found in Peichl et al. (2022) Landscape-variability of the carbon balance across managed boreal forests. Global Change Biology, 00, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16534.</p> <p>Contact information:</p> <p>Professor Matthias Peichl (<a href="mailto:matthias.peichl@slu.se">Matthias.Peichl@slu.se</a>)</p> <p>Ph.D. Eduardo Martínez García (<a href="mailto:eduardo.martinez@slu.se">Eduardo.Martinez@slu.se</a>, <a href="mailto:edu.martinez.garcia@gmail.com">edu.martinez.garcia@gmail.com</a>)</p> <p>Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Skogsmarksgränd 17, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden</p>
Landscape structure, predictability of forest regeneration trajectories, and recovery rate on secondary forests
<p>Abandonment of agricultural lands promotes the global expansion of secondary forests, which are critical for preserving biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services. Such roles largely depend, however, on two essential successional attributes, trajectory and recovery rate, which are expected to depend on landscape-scale forest cover in non- linear ways. This dataset is the synthesis outcome of 22 independent databases from studies of woody plant species recovery as part of the research project entitled "Impacts of landscape structure on secondary tropical forest regeneration". This work aimed to understand the effect of landscape-level disturbance on forest regeneration, specifically through the predictability of trajectories and the recovery rate of these forests.</p> <p>Using a multiscale approach and a large vegetation dataset (843 plots, 3511 tree species) from 22 secondary forest chronosequences distributed across the Neotropics, we show that successional trajectories of woody plant species richness, stem density, and basal area are less predictable in landscapes (4-km radius) with intermediate (40-60%) forest cover than in landscapes with high (>60%) forest cover. This supports theory suggesting that high spatial and environmental heterogeneity in intermediately deforested landscapes can increase the variation in key ecological factors for forest recovery (e.g. seed dispersal, seedling recruitment), increasing the uncertainty of successional trajectories. Regarding the recovery rate, only the species richness is positively related to forest cover in relatively small (1-km radius) landscapes. These findings highlight the importance of using a spatially-explicit landscape approach in restoration initiatives and suggest that these initiatives can be more effective in more forested landscapes, especially if implemented across spatial extents of 1-4 km radius. </p>
Effects of global change on bird and beetle populations in boreal forest landscape: an assemblage dissimilarity analysis
Aim <p>Despite an increasing number of studies highlighting the impacts of climate change on boreal species, the main factors that will drive changes in species assemblages remain ambiguous. We study how species community composition would change following anthropogenic and natural disturbances. We determine the main drivers of assemblage dissimilarity for bird and beetle communities.</p> Location <p>Côte-Nord, Québec, Canada.</p> Methods <p>We quantify two climate-induced pathways based on direct and indirect effects on species occurrence under different harvest management scenarios. The direct climate effects illustrate the impact of climate variables while the indirect effects are reflected through habitat-based climate change. We develop empirical models to predict the distribution of more than 100 species over the next century. We analyze the regional and the latitudinal species assemblage dissimilarity by decomposing it into<em> </em>'balanced variation in species occupancy and occurrence' and 'occupancy and occurrence gradient'. </p> Results <p>Both pathways increased dissimilarity in species assemblage. At the regional scale, both effects have an impact on decreasing the number of winning species. Yet, responses are much larger in magnitude under mixed climate effects (a mixture of direct and indirect effects). Regional assemblage dissimilarity reached 0.77 and 0.69 under mixed effects versus 0.09 and 0.10 under indirect effects for beetles and birds, respectively, between RCP8.5 and baseline climate scenarios when considering harvesting. Latitudinally, assemblage dissimilarity increased following the climate conditions pattern. </p> Main conclusions <p>The two pathways are complementary and alter biodiversity, mainly caused by species turnover. Yet, responses are much larger in magnitude under mixed climate effects. Therefore, the inclusion of climatic variables considers aspects other than just those related to forest landscapes, such as life cycles of animal species. Moreover, we expect differences in occupancy between the two studied taxa. This could indicate the potential range of change in boreal species concerning novel environmental conditions.</p>
Is green the new black? Black-backed Woodpecker vital rates do not differ between unburned and burned forests within a pyrodiverse landscape
<p>Woodpeckers can reflect rapid changes to forest health and often serve as indicator species to help guide forest management decisions. The Black-backed Woodpecker (<em>Picoides</em> <em>arcticus</em>) is known for its strong association with recently burned forests and is a species of conservation concern due to habitat loss stemming from post-fire management of burned forest. Recently, several studies have found the Black-backed Woodpecker occupying extensive areas of unburned (i.e., green) forests in the western part of its range during the breeding season, raising questions about whether green forests can support viable nesting populations in this region. We studied breeding Black-backed Woodpeckers in southern Oregon, USA to evaluate whether two vital rates critical to population recruitment – nest survival and post-fledging survival – differed between green and burned forests. During 2018, 2019, and 2021, we monitored 91 Black-backed Woodpecker nests (<em>n</em> = 34 in green forest, <em>n</em> = 57 in burned forest) and found that neither daily nest survival rate nor reproductive output (i.e., the number of fledglings per successful nest) differed between nests located in green and burned forest; however, nestling body condition was slightly enhanced in green forest. We also quantified survival of recently fledged individuals using VHF radio telemetry and found that the survival rate of birds in green forest was nearly identical to those in burned forest, with most mortalities occurring within 4 weeks of fledging. Taken together, our results indicate that Black-backed Woodpeckers in green forests were equally successful at breeding as conspecifics in recently burned forest, although nesting densities in the green forest we studied were lower than those in burned forest. Our findings indicate certain types of green forest, particularly mature lodgepole pine, can support viable populations of the Black-backed Woodpecker in the western portion of its range. This finding has conservation implications given that green forest occupies the majority of the forested landscape in this region and is often juxtaposed to areas subjected to high-severity fire. Therefore, practices that promote pyrodiversity – landscape-level spatial and temporal variability in fire effects – as well as connectivity between green and burned forest within fire-prone landscapes are likely to provide the greatest conservation benefit for this species. </p>
Datasets and analysis for: Microclimatic buffering in forest, agricultural and urban landscapes through the lens of a grass-feeding insect
<p>Using this dataset, we aimed to identify the microclimatic offsets that accurately represent the environment in which a small arthropod spends most of its life. As a case study, we selected grassy sites that corresponded to the microhabitat of grass-feeding insects in general, and larvae of the butterfly <em>Pararge</em> <em>aegeria</em> in particular, as this insect recently expanded its habitat use from forest (edges) to agricultural and urban environments. We tested to what extent local microclimates and microclimatic buffering capacity differed between tufts of grass in forest and in two anthropogenic (i.e. agricultural and urban) landscape settings by measuring microclimatic variables with sensors at the level of the grasses. We compared temperature, relative humidity and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) during an exceptionally warm and dry summer period with parallel data from weather stations and tested for differences between microclimatic profiles among the three landscape settings. Using this approach, our findings stress the functional implications of landscape-specific microclimatic profiles at the appropriate organism-centred scale.</p>
Effects of large mammal exclusion on seedling communities depend on plant species traits and landscape protection in human-modified Costa Rican forests
<ol> <li>Large terrestrial herbivorous mammals (LTH-mammals) influence plant community structure by affecting seedling establishment in mature tropical forests. Many of these LTH-mammals frequent secondary forests, but their effects on seedling establishment in them are understudied, hindering our understanding of how LTH-mammals influence forest regeneration in human-modified landscapes.</li> <li>We tested the hypothesis that the strength of LTH-mammals' effects on seedling establishment depends on landscape protection, forest successional stage, and plant species' traits using a manipulative field experiment in six 1-ha sites with varying successional age and landscape protection. In each site, we established forty seedling plot-pairs, with one plot excluding LTH-mammals and one not, and monitored seedlings of 116 woody species for 26 months.</li> <li>We found significant effects of LTH-mammal exclusion on seedling survival contingent upon the protection of forests at the landscape level and forest stage. After 26 months, survival differences between LTH-mammal exclusion and non-exclusion treatments were greater in protected than unprotected landscapes. Additionally, plant species' traits were related to the LTH-mammals' differential effects, as LTH-mammals reduced the survival of seedlings of larger-seeded species the most. Overall, LTH-mammals' effects translated into significant shifts in community composition as seedling communities inside and outside the exclosures diverged. Moreover, lower density and higher species diversity were found as early as 12 and 18 months outside than inside exclosures.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis and applications</em>. Insight into the interactions between LTH-mammals and seedling communities in forest regeneration can be instrumental in planning effective restoration efforts. We highlight the importance of landscape protection in seedling survival and the role of LTH-mammals in promoting seedling diversity in mature forests but also in secondary successional forests. The findings suggest that conservation efforts and possibly trophic rewilding can be important approaches for preserving diversity and influencing the trajectory of secondary tropical forest succession. However, we also caution that an overabundance of LTH-mammals may adversely impact the pace of forest succession due to their preference for large-seeded species. Therefore, a comprehensive wildlife management plan is indispensable. Additionally, longer-term studies on LTH-mammals are necessary to understand the effects of temporal fluctuations that are undetected in short-term studies.</li> </ol>
Tayra (eira barbara) landscape use as a function of cover types, forest protection, and the presence of puma and free-ranging dogs
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Decreasing landscape carbon storage in western US forests with 2˚C of warming
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Data from: Effects of Bark Beetle Outbreaks on Forest Landscape Pattern in the Southern Rocky Mountains, U.S.A.
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Landscape structure, predictability of forest regeneration trajectories, and recovery rate on secondary forests
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Data from: Persistent effects of landscape context on recruitment dynamics during secondary succession of tropical forests
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Data from: Influences of fire–vegetation feedbacks and post-fire recovery rates on forest landscape vulnerability to altered fire regimes
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Data from: Aridity and forest age mediate landscape scale patterns of tropical forest resistance to cyclonic storms
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Data from: Changes of Chinese forest-grassland ecotone in geographical scope and landscape structure from 1990 to 2020
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Effects of large mammal exclusion on seedling communities depend on plant species traits and landscape protection in human-modified Costa Rican forests
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Size-dependent intraspecific variation in wood traits has little impact on aboveground carbon estimates in a tropical forest landscape
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Data from: Landscape context and substrate characteristics shape fungal communities of dead spruce in urban and semi-natural forests
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Raster and original working data for the paper Holocene matters: landscape history accounts for current species richness of vascular plants in forests and grasslands of eastern Central Europe
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Data from: Soil is the main predictor of secondary rain forest estimated aboveground biomass across a neotropical landscape
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Landscape conservation as a strategy for recovering biodiversity: lessons from a long-term program of pasture restoration in the southern Atlantic Forest
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.