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700 results for “fossil record”
Text-fig. 1. Map of the Isle of Wight with the distribution of the Wealden Group exposed on the south-western and south-eastern coast, showing the fossil localities mentioned in the text (in bold). in First Record Of Intact Equisetalean Strobili From The Wealden (Lower Cretaceous) Of The Isle Of Wight, Southern England
Text-fig. 1. Map of the Isle of Wight with the distribution of the Wealden Group exposed on the south-western and south-eastern coast, showing the fossil localities mentioned in the text (in bold).
Рис. 4. ГеографическаЯ локалиЗациЯ современных (●) и фоссильных (○) находок Laternula elliptica в Антарктике; (■) – локалиЗациЯ находки фоссильной раковины Laternula synthetica в Новой Зеландии. Fig. 4. Geographical localization of the Recent (●) and fossil (○) records of Laternula elliptica in Antarctica; (■) – record of a fossil shell of Laternula synthetica in New Zealand. in Species of warm-water origin Laternula elliptica (King, 1832) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Laternulidae), a widespread mollusk in recent Antarctica
Рис. 4. ГеографическаЯ локалиЗациЯ современных (●) и фоссильных (○) находок Laternula elliptica в Антарктике; (■) – локалиЗациЯ находки фоссильной раковины Laternula synthetica в Новой Зеландии. Fig. 4. Geographical localization of the Recent (●) and fossil (○) records of Laternula elliptica in Antarctica; (■) – record of a fossil shell of Laternula synthetica in New Zealand.
FIGURE 7 in First fossil harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) from Spain and notes on the fossil record of Opiliones
FIGURE 7. Fossil record of Opiliones. 1, Distribution of the paleontological localities that have yielded harvestmen species (plus the Opiliones indet. from Koonwarra Fossil Beds, Bezonnais or Anjou amber, and Las Hoyas). 2, Percentage of fossil species grouped in suborders. 3, Percentage diagram of the diverse types of fossilization. Primary source: Dunlop et al. (2018).
FIGURE 4 in First fossil harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) from Spain and notes on the fossil record of Opiliones
FIGURE 4. Microphotographs of some anatomical details of Cosmobunus sagani nov. sp. (Sclerosomatidae), holotype (MPV-2417-RM), most likely a male, taken under ethanol. 1, pedipalps. 2, smooth ocularium. 3, granules on leg I. 4, row of laterodistal granules in the tibiotarsal articulation of the pedipalp. 5, rows of trilobate denticles on two coxae (arrows point some of the denticles). 6, cuticular granulate ornamentation on the opistosoma. Image 3 made with some pictures taken at successive focal planes, as explained in the text.
FIGURE 6 in First fossil harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) from Spain and notes on the fossil record of Opiliones
FIGURE 6. Photographs and microphotographs of extant Cosmobonus granarius for comparison. 1–2, Photographs of the body in dorsal and lateral views. Note the coxal denticles (images electronically made with consecutive pictures taken at successive focal planes). 3–4, Photomicrographs of two rows of trilobate coxal denticles in coxa I (3) and coxa IV (4).
FIGURE 2 in First fossil harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) from Spain and notes on the fossil record of Opiliones
FIGURE 2. Photomicrograph under ethanol of Cosmobunus sagani nov. sp. (Sclerosomatidae), from the Miocene of Rubielos de Mora Basin. Holotype (MPV-2417-RM), most likely a male.
FIGURE 1 in First fossil harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) from Spain and notes on the fossil record of Opiliones
FIGURE 1. Cretaceous harvestman of uncertain suborder, LH-29969, from Las Hoyas. 1, Photograph of LH- 29969. 2, Camera lucida drawing of LH-29969. Arrows indicate the detected leg articulations.
FIGURE 3 in First fossil harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) from Spain and notes on the fossil record of Opiliones
FIGURE 3. Cosmobunus sagani nov. sp. (Sclerosomatidae), holotype (MPV-2417-RM), most likely a male. 1, Camera lucida drawing of the habitus. 2, Detail of the body.
FIGURE 5 in First fossil harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) from Spain and notes on the fossil record of Opiliones
FIGURE 5. Microphotographs of the pedipalpal tarsal claw. 1, Extant Leiobunum rotundum (pectinated claw). 2–3, Fossil Cosmobunus sagani nov. sp. and extant Cosmobunus granarius (both with smooth claw). All to the same scale.
Data from: Trait-fitness associations via fecundity and competition in a two-million-year-long fossil record
<p>The evolution of phenotypic traits is usually studied on generational times or across species on million-year timescales. We bridge this conceptual gap by using high density sampling of a species lineage, <em>Microporella agonistes </em>(Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida), over 2 million years of its evolutionary history, to ask if trait-fitness associations are consistent with evolutionary trait models often applied to phenotypic time series. We use average fecundity and competitive outcome as two different fitness components, where competitive outcome is a proxy for partial survival. Examining three quantitative traits in multivariate analyses, we present evidence that some traits experienced substantial selective pressures, in part controlled by past environments. A complex interplay of resource competition with an altering set of competitors and past temperatures, has contributed to the changing patterns of phenotypes within the focal species. A comparison with congeneric species living in the same regional community suggests that size traits are more temporally variable and less constrained than shape traits. Our analyses also show that while controls on phenotypes are complex and varied in time, ecological and evolutionary processes that unfold on shorter time scales are not inconsistent with macroevolutionary patterns observed on longer timescales.</p>
Abundance-diversity relationship as a unique signature of temporal scaling in the fossil record
<p>Species diversity increases with the temporal grain of samples according to the species-time relationship, impacting paleoecological analyses because the temporal grain (time averaging) of fossil assemblages varies by several orders of magnitude. We predict a positive relation between total abundance and sample size-independent diversity (ADR) in fossil assemblages because an increase in time averaging, determined by a decreasing sediment accumulation, should increase abundance and depress species dominance. We demonstrate that, in contrast to negative ARDs of non-averaged living assemblages, the ARD of Holocene fossil assemblages is positive, unconditionally or when conditioned on the energy availability gradient. However, the positive fossil ADR disappears when conditioned on sediment accumulation, suggesting that ADR can be a signature of diversity scaling induced by variable time averaging. Conditioning ADR on sediment accumulation can identify and remove the scaling effect caused by time averaging, providing an avenue for unbiased biodiversity comparisons across space and time.</p>
Fig. 5 in The early fossil record of Caturoidea (Halecomorphi: Amiiformes): biogeographic implications
Fig. 5 Simplified global paleogeograhic reconstruction during the Late Jurassic, based on Scotese (2014: Map 35, Oxfordian) showing potential dispersal routes of caturoids through the Hispanic Corridor. Stars represent the only known records of caturoids outside Europe: 1, "Caturus" dartoni Eastman, 1899, from the lower Sundance Formation in South Dakota (Bathonian); 2, Caturus deani Gregory, 1923, from the Jagua Formation of Cuba (Oxfordian); 3, Catutoichthys olsacheri and Caturoidea sp. from the Vaca Muerta Formation of Argentina (Tithonian)
Fig. 2 Specimen MPCA 632 in The early fossil record of Caturoidea (Halecomorphi: Amiiformes): biogeographic implications
Fig. 2 Specimen MPCA 632 from the Jurassic of Neuquén, Argentina: a, fossil of Caturidae sp., including disarticulated skull bones described in Bogan et al. (2013); b, corresponding inventory card of the Museo Carlos Ameghino (MPCA)
Fig. 1 in The early fossil record of Caturoidea (Halecomorphi: Amiiformes): biogeographic implications
Fig. 1 Geographical setting: a, general location; b, simplified map showing outcrops of the Mendoza and Los Menucos groups in the provinces of Neuquén and Río Negro. Outcrops of the Mendoza Group are redrawn from the regional scheme in the geological map HG 3969-I Zapala (Leanza et al., 2001). Outcrops of the Los Menucos Group are redrawn from the regional scheme (esquema regional) in the geological map HG 4169-II Los Menucos (Cuchi et al., 2001)
Fig. 3 in The early fossil record of Caturoidea (Halecomorphi: Amiiformes): biogeographic implications
Fig. 3 Nannoflora identified in the sediment of MPCA 632: Cyclagelosphaera margerelii (1–4), Crepidolithus sp. (5–6), Watznaueria barnesiae (7–8), Polycostella beckmannii (9–12), Watznaueria britannica (13), Watznaueria fossacincta (14), Watznaueria biporta (15–16)
Fig. 2. Holasteroid echinoid Echinocorys jaekeli Nietsch, 1921 in Suspected foraminiferan parasitism on a Late Cretaceous echinoid host recorded by the new attachment trace fossil Solichnus aestheticus
Fig. 2. Holasteroid echinoid Echinocorys jaekeli Nietsch, 1921 (MGUH 34117) from the upper Campanian of Hvideklint, Møn, Denmark; carrying the type series of the new foraminiferan attachment trace fossil Solichnus aestheticus igen. et isp. nov. Anterior (A1) and posterior (A2) views of the original specimen and the respective views (A3, A4) of a textured 3D digital surface model with the positions of the holotype (h; MGUH 34117a) and the seven paratypes (p1–7; MGUH 34117b–h) of Solichnus aestheticus igen. et isp. nov.; an interactive viewer with this digitype can be accessed online via Sketchfab at https://skfb.ly/oAEIA.
Fig. 1. Location and stratigraphy. A in Suspected foraminiferan parasitism on a Late Cretaceous echinoid host recorded by the new attachment trace fossil Solichnus aestheticus
Fig. 1. Location and stratigraphy. A. Hvideklint is located on the southern shore of the island of Møn in eastern Denmark. B. Schematic representation of the Campanian to Maastrichtian stratigraphy of eastern Denmark (modified after Surlyk et al. 2013).
Fig. 3 in Suspected foraminiferan parasitism on a Late Cretaceous echinoid host recorded by the new attachment trace fossil Solichnus aestheticus
Fig. 3. Type specimens of the new foraminiferan attachment trace fossil Solichnus aestheticus igen. et isp. nov. from the upper Campanian of Hvideklint, Møn, Denmark. A. The holotype trace (MGUH 34117a), photographed after (A1) and before (A2) coating with ammonium chloride, showing the extent of the diagnostic radiating canals and their interference with those of neighbouring paratypes. Close-up of the central depression of the holotype (A3) with echinoid regeneration texture (newly formed tubercles). Backscatter electron SEM image of the central depression of the holotype (A4); note that →
Fig. 2 in The fossil record of camelids demonstrates a late divergence between Bactrian camel and dromedary
Fig. 2. Time-calibrated equiparsimonious trees. At each node, the probability density computed by diversification is shown (in red, all displaying a left skew). The age of each fossil record (in million years) is shown as a brown bar along each branch, which extends from the oldest to the youngest plausible age for each record. Darker shades represent overlapping possible age ranges, whereas brown dots represent very well-dated fossils. Extant taxa are in bold. A monophyletic Camelus is diagnosed by the loss of p3 and a smaller P3. The Paracamelus clade is diagnosed by a long muzzle. Camelus grattardi lacks derived characters of other representatives of the Camelus clade, the paraglenoid process, a shallower infra-orbital shelf, an oblique ascending ramus of the mandible, a thickened corpus, a broader P4 relative, and long ligament scars on the phalanges. The position of the poorly studied Camelus knoblochi relative to extant forms rests only on the morphology of the choanae.
Fig. 1 in The fossil record of camelids demonstrates a late divergence between Bactrian camel and dromedary
Fig. 1. Probability density histograms of speciation (cladogenesis), extinction and fossilization rates for the three equiparsimonious trees. All rates are in events per lineage and per million years. The height of each box of the plots is proportional to the posterior probability for the corresponding rate to be in the interval delineating its base.
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