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Fig. 13. Metapolystoma multiova n in First record of Metapolystoma (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) from Boophis tree frogs in Madagascar, with the description of five new species

Fig. 13. Metapolystoma multiova n. sp. from Boophis occidentalis. a, marginal hooklets 1 (top), 2–7 (middle) and 8 (bottom) from holotype and paratypes; b, hamuli from holotype (left) and from paratype (right); c, genital crown from holotype.

Fig. 6 in First record of Metapolystoma (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) from Boophis tree frogs in Madagascar, with the description of five new species

Fig. 6. Ventral view of Metapolystoma falcatum n. sp. from Boophis doulioti, neotenic form. Abbreviations: gb, genital bulb; gc, genito–intestinal canal; hp, haptor; ic, intestinal caecum; mg, Mehlis gland; mo, mouth; od, oviduct; oi, oo¨–vitelline canal; o¨o, o¨otype; os, false oral sucker; ov, ovarium; ph, pharynx; su, sucker; te, testis; ut, uterus; vi, vitelline; vl, vitelline duct; vv.

Fig. 7. Metapolystoma falcatum n in First record of Metapolystoma (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) from Boophis tree frogs in Madagascar, with the description of five new species

Fig. 7. Metapolystoma falcatum n. sp. from Boophis doulioti, neotenic form. a, marginal hooklets 2–7; b, marginal hooklets 8; c, marginal hooklet 1.

Fig. 8 in First record of Metapolystoma (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) from Boophis tree frogs in Madagascar, with the description of five new species

Fig. 8. Ventral view of Metapolystoma ansuanum n. sp. holotype. Abbreviations: eg, egg; gb, genital bulb; gc, genito–intestinal canal; ha, hamuli; hp, haptor; ic, intestinal caecum; mg, Mehlis gland; mo, mouth; oc, oncomiracidium; od, oviduct; oi, oo¨–vitelline canal; o¨o, o¨otype; os, false oral sucker; ov, ovarium; ph, pharynx; su, sucker; sv, semen vesicle; te, testis; ut, uterus; va, vagina; vd, vas deferens; vi, vitelline; vv, vitello–vaginal canal.

Fig. 9. Metapolystoma ansuanum n in First record of Metapolystoma (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) from Boophis tree frogs in Madagascar, with the description of five new species

Fig. 9. Metapolystoma ansuanum n. sp. from Boophis luteus. a, hamulus from holotype; b, marginal hooklets 2–7; c, genital crown from holotype.

Fig. 5. Metapolystoma falcatum n in First record of Metapolystoma (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) from Boophis tree frogs in Madagascar, with the description of five new species

Fig. 5. Metapolystoma falcatum n. sp. from Boophis doulioti. a, marginal hooklets 1 (top), 2–7 (middle) and 8 (bottom) from holotype and paratypes; b, hamuli from holotype; c, hamulus development; d, genital crown from holotype.

Fig. 4 in First record of Metapolystoma (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) from Boophis tree frogs in Madagascar, with the description of five new species

Fig. 4. Ventral view of Metapolystoma falcatum n. sp. holotype. Abbreviations: eg, egg; gb, genital bulb; gc, genito–intestinal canal; ha, hamuli; hp, haptor; ic, intestinal caecum; mg, Mehlis gland; mo, mouth; oc, oncomiracidium; od, oviduct; oi, oo ¨–vitelline canal; o¨o, o¨otype; os, false oral sucker; ov, ovarium; ph, pharynx; su, sucker; sv, semen vesicle; te, testis; ut, uterus; va, vagina; vc, vaginal canal; vd, vas deferens; vi, vitelline; vl, vitelline duct; vv, vitello–vaginal canal.

Fig. 3. Metapolystoma vencesi n in First record of Metapolystoma (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) from Boophis tree frogs in Madagascar, with the description of five new species

Fig. 3. Metapolystoma vencesi n. sp. from Boophis doulioti. a, marginal hooklets 1 (top), 2–7 (middle) and 8 (bottom) from holotype and paratypes; b, hamuli from holotype; c, genital crown from holotype. Abbreviations: X, outer length; Y, inner length; Z, hook length.

Fig. 2 in First record of Metapolystoma (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) from Boophis tree frogs in Madagascar, with the description of five new species

Fig. 2. Ventral view of Metapolystoma vencesi n. sp. holotype. Abbreviations: eg, egg; gb, genital bulb; gc, genito–intestinal canal; ha, hamuli; hp, haptor; ic, intestinal caecum; mo, mouth; oc, oncomiracidium; od, oviduct; oi, oo¨–vitelline canal; os, false oral sucker; ov, ovarium; ph, pharynx; su, sucker; sv, semen vesicle; te, testis; ut, uterus; va, vagina; vd, vas deferens; vi, vitelline; vv, vitello–vaginal canal.

Figure 4 in Two new species of cricket frogs of the genus Fejervarya Bolkay, 1915 (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from the Peninsular India

Figure 4. Fejervarya kalinga sp. nov., holotype, ZSI/WRC/A/2018, adult male, 41.9 mm SVL. Dorsal and ventral view (horizontal lines equal 5.0 mm).

Figure 8 in Two new species of cricket frogs of the genus Fejervarya Bolkay, 1915 (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from the Peninsular India

Figure 8. Principal Component Analysis scatter plot (of 18 morphometric characters as listed in Table 3 transformed to their ratio to SVL) for Fejervarya krishnan sp. nov., F. gomantaki, F. sahyadris and F. chilapata (a) for male individuals.

Figure 7 in Two new species of cricket frogs of the genus Fejervarya Bolkay, 1915 (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from the Peninsular India

Figure 7. Fejervarya krishnan sp. nov., holotype, ZSI/WRC/A/2023, adult male, 17.1 mm SVL. Left, dorsal view; right, ventral view (horizontal lines equal 5.0 mm).

Figure 5 in Two new species of cricket frogs of the genus Fejervarya Bolkay, 1915 (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from the Peninsular India

Figure 5. Principal Component Analysis scatter plot (of 18 morphometric characters as listed in Table 3 transformed to their ratio to SVL) for Fejervarya kalinga sp. nov. and F. orissaensis (male individuals).

Figure 2 in Two new species of cricket frogs of the genus Fejervarya Bolkay, 1915 (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from the Peninsular India

Figure 2. Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree for 42 dicroglossid species based on 5722 bp of mitochondrial and nuclear genes (16s, 12s, BDNF, Rhod, Tyr, RAG-2, NCX1, and CXCR4).

Figure 1 in Two new species of cricket frogs of the genus Fejervarya Bolkay, 1915 (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from the Peninsular India

Figure 1. Map showing distribution of Fejervarya kalinga sp. nov. (in triangles, type locality in purple) and Fejervarya krishnan sp. nov. (in circle).

Figure 3 in Two new species of cricket frogs of the genus Fejervarya Bolkay, 1915 (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from the Peninsular India

Figure 3. Fejervarya kalinga sp. nov. in life. A. Holotype (ZSI/WRC/A/2018) from Mahendragiri, in life, B. Paratype (ZSI/ WRC/A/2021) from Barbara, in life.

Fig. 4 in Sexual differences in prevalence of a new species of trypanosome infecting túngara frogs

Fig. 4. Phylogeny of the aquatic clade, and PTP species delimitation results. Best maximum likelihood tree of the18S rRNA gene of member of the aquatic clade and selected outgroups. Numbers on the branches represent support values corresponding to ±70% bootstrap replicates (left) and ±0.9 Bayesian posterior probabilities (right). Subclades are highlighted with colored boxes to indicate host associations. Color of the branches indicate the PTP species delimitation results; monophyletic groups in red indicate members of a single species, blue terminal branches indicate that only one sample is included in such species. Names of the terminals indicate the GenBank accession numbers, scientific name, and sample or isolate code. Star indicates the position of T. tungarae n. sp. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Fig. 3 in Sexual differences in prevalence of a new species of trypanosome infecting túngara frogs

Fig. 3. Light microscopy of Trypanosoma tungarae n. sp. (Giemasa-staining). (a e) Trypomastigotes stained using Hemacolor ® Giemsa stain kit (Voigt Global Distribution Inc, USA); ‾ (f‾i) Trypomastigotes stained using Giemsa stain following Mohr (1981). Scale bars: 10 µm.

Fig. 1 in Sexual differences in prevalence of a new species of trypanosome infecting túngara frogs

Fig. 1. Photographs of túngara frogs (Engystomops pustulosus) and frog-biting midges (Corethrella spp). (a) Calling male túngara frog preyed upon by frog-biting midges; (b) female (bottom) in amplexus with a male (top) covered with biting midges; (c) female (bottom) with a biting midge on her nostril that was passed from the male during amplexus. Túngara frogs are about 30 mm long while the frog-biting midges are only about 1.5 mm. Photos taken by Alexander Baugh (a) and Ximena E Bernal (b,c).

Fig. 2 in Sexual differences in prevalence of a new species of trypanosome infecting túngara frogs

Fig. 2. Map of the Republic of Panaḿa indicating with a star the location of Gamboa, the type locality of Trypanosoma tungarae n. sp. Insert shows the location of Panamáin the New World.