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opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

Microgeographic divergence of functional responses among salamanders under antagonistic selection from apex predators

A predator's functional response determines predator–prey interactions by describing the relationship between the number of prey available and the number eaten. Its shape and parameters fundamentally govern the dynamic equilibrium of predator–prey interactions and their joint abundances. Yet, estimates of these key parameters generally assume stasis in space and time and ignore the potential for local adaptation to alter feeding responses and the stability of trophic dynamics. Here, we evaluate if functional responses diverge among populations of spotted salamander ( Ambystoma maculatum ) larvae that face antagonistic selection on feeding strategies based on their own risk of predation. Common garden experiments revealed that spotted salamander from ponds with varying predation risks differed in their functional responses, suggesting an evolutionary response. Applying mechanistic equations, we discovered that the combined changes in attack rates, handling times and shape of the functional response enhanced feeding rate in environments with high densities of gape-limited predators. We suggest how these parameter changes could alter community equilibria and other emergent properties of food webs. Community ecologists might often need to consider how local evolution at fine scales alters key relationships in ways that alter local diversity patterns, food web dynamics, resource gradients and community responses to disturbance.

opencc-zeroNov 2022View details →

Data for: Latent functional diversity may accelerate microbial community responses to temperature fluctuations

How complex microbial communities respond to climatic fluctuations remains an open question. Due to their relatively short generation times and high functional diversity, microbial populations harbor great potential to respond as a community through a combination of strain-level phenotypic plasticity, adaptation, and species sorting. However, the relative importance of these mechanisms remains unclear. We conducted a laboratory experiment to investigate the degree to which bacterial communities can respond to changes in environmental temperature through a combination of phenotypic plasticity and species sorting alone. We grew replicate soil communities from a single location at six temperatures between 4°C and 50°C. We found that phylogenetically- and functionally-distinct communities emerge at each of these temperatures, with K-strategist taxa favoured under cooler conditions, and r-strategist taxa under warmer conditions. We show that this dynamic emergence of distinct communities across a wide range of temperatures (in essence, community-level adaptation), is driven by the resuscitation of latent functional diversity: the parent community harbors multiple strains pre-adapted to different temperatures that are able to "switch on" at their preferred temperature without immigration or adaptation. Our findings suggest that microbial community function in nature is likely to respond rapidly to climatic temperature fluctuations through shifts in species composition by resuscitation of latent functional diversity.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Functional responses of fisheries to hydropower dams in the Amazonian Floodplain of the Madeira River

1. Tropical river fisheries support food security for millions of people but are increasingly threatened by hydropower development. How dams affect these fisheries remains poorly known in most regions. Here, we used a functional traits approach to evaluate the extent to which the composition of fishery yields in the Madeira River Basin the largest sub-basin in the Amazon, respond to dam construction. We also explored how dams affected the monetary value of yields and fishing-based income of the communities. 2. We collected fishing data in 17 locations distributed more than 300 km across upstream, reservoir, and downstream zones during pre-and post-dam construction periods. We interviewed 711 fishers from 13 communities to assess fishing income during pre- and post-dam periods. 3. Catch-per-unit effort (CPUE) declined significantly, i.e., by 37%, after dam construction. Multivariate analysis yielded six species clusters according to trait syndromes related to life history, migration, swimming-performance/microhabitat-use and economic value that were associated with the environmental data characteristic of pre- and post-dam periods. Comparison of CPUE of each cluster indicated that large species with periodic life-history strategy and regional or long-distance migratory behavior were most affected by dam construction, with CPUE declining by, on average, 31%. Declines in yields and shifts in functional composition of the fishery yields resulted in average decline of 21% in the monetary of functional clusters and 30% in fishing income. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our study indicates that the implementation of the dams and associated changes in environmental conditions affected the functional composition of yields and reduced catches, negatively affecting the fishing-based income of the studied communities in the Madeira River.Whereas catches of all functional clusters declined after the dams, species possessing large body sizes, traits related to a periodic life history strategy, either with long-distance or regional migratory behaviors, and the greatest economic importance appeared to be particularly vulnerable. These results imply that hydropower expansion will cause detrimental effects for fisheries and the livelihoods they sustain. Our results underscore the urgent need for considering alternative sources of renewable energy (e.g., solar power and in-stream turbines) to avoid irreversible socio-environmental damages of large dam projects. In river reaches where dams are already in operation or under construction, minimizing impacts will require improving operational protocols to reduce hydrological alterations and developing research and technology to improve the functionality of fish passages. In these locations, addressing losses in fishery value and fishing-based income will also require the implementation of fair compensation measures. Maintaining fish production requires conserving flow pulses and free-flowing rivers and tributaries critical for completing life cycles of fish species with vulnerable traits.

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

Functional traits of soil nematodes define their response to nitrogen fertilization

1. Nitrogen (N) fertilization and warming are two crucial global change factors affecting the soil nematode communities. The effects of N fertilization and warming, however, on nematode communities in soils are inconsistent across ecosystems and maybe be even opposite. 2. One key reason is that the commonly used taxonomic diversity is less sensitive to environmental changes than the seldom-used trait-based indicators. To verify this, we performed an eight-year field experiment with four N fertilization levels with and without soil warming and collected an extensive dataset consisting of (i) six traits related to the nematode performance, i.e., body size, maximum body length, maximum body width, stylet length, esophagus length, and intestinal length; (ii) the taxonomic alpha (richness and abundance) and beta-diversity (Bray-Curtis dissimilarities) of the whole nematode community and each nematode functional group, (iii) soil food web resources (the total taxonomic richness and abundance of plant, bacterial and fungal communities), and (iv) soil properties (pH, total, ammonium and nitrate N, microbial N and C, total and available P and soil water content). 3. We found that N fertilization altered plant diversity and soil nitrate levels, which in turn decreased taxonomic alpha diversity of two nematode functional groups (phytophagous nematodes and predators), but taxonomic diversity for the whole nematode community remained stable. The decreased taxonomic alpha diversity of phytophagous nematodes resulted in increased maximum body width, but decreased stylet length and esophageal length. Mild warming (~ 0.7 °C) had no effects on soil properties and soil food web resources, and the taxonomic diversity or nematode traits remained unchanged. 4. Our results reveal that nematode functional traits show strong responses to N fertilization as individual nematode groups adapted quickly to changed soil properties and food web resources. Taxonomic diversity indices, however, were more stable under these changes showing that the functional composition of nematode communities may respond in the short-term despite little effects on species diversity. Thus, the trait-based indicators not only reveal how nematodes respond to N fertilization, but also how nematodes mediate the effects of N fertilization on ecosystem functioning (i.e., soil nutrient cycling).

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

Plant functional traits predict heterogeneous distributional shifts in response to climate change

Climate change is causing the rapid redistribution of vegetation as plant species move to track their climatic optima. Despite a global trend of upward movement in latitude and elevation, there is extensive heterogeneity among species and locations, with few emerging generalizations. Greater generalization may be achieved by considering multidimensional changes in species' distributions as well as incorporating ecologically relevant functional traits into studies of range shifts. To better understand how recent changes in climate are influencing the elevational distribution of plant species and how species' functional traits mediate distributional changes, we resampled a 2,438-meter elevation transect spanning a distance of 16 kilometers which encompasses desert scrub, pinyon-juniper woodland, chaparral, and coniferous forest plant communities. Over the last 42 years, total perennial cover and species' average cover increased at lower elevations and decreased at higher elevations while the average elevational leading-edge increased 116 m and the elevational rear edge decreased 84 m. Notably, these changes were mediated by species' functional traits, where species exhibiting more conservative traits (lower SLA, greater δ13C, larger seed mass) and taller height shifted upward in their leading-edge range limit, average elevation, and trailing edge range limit, while declining in abundance at the median and trailing edge of their range. Species possessing more acquisitive traits (higher SLA, lower δ13C, smaller seed mass) and shorter height shifted downward and increased in abundance at their trailing edge, with increases in their total range size. Our results provide clear evidence that heterogeneous range dynamics under recent climate change can be generalized by considering ecologically relevant plant functional traits, and how they respond to localized climate exposure. Further, by documenting changes across a steep ecological gradient comprising a large aridity gradient, we show divergent patterns for plants occupying contrasting positions along the global spectrum of plant form and function, which provides critical insight into how trait-mediated changes under increasing aridity will impact ecosystem functioning.

zenodo36/100

Data from: Functionally analogous body- and animacy-responsive areas in the dog (Canis familiaris) and human occipito-temporal lobe

Comparing the neural correlates of socio-cognitive skills across species provides insights into the evolution of the social brain and has revealed face- and body-sensitive regions in the primate temporal lobe. Although from a different lineage, dogs share convergent visuo-cognitive skills with humans and a temporal lobe which evolved independently in carnivores. We investigated the neural correlates of face and body perception in dogs (N = 15) and humans (N = 40) using functional MRI. Combining univariate and multivariate analysis approaches, we found functionally analogous occipito-temporal regions involved in the perception of animate entities and bodies in both species and face-sensitive regions in humans. Though unpredicted, we also observed neural representations of faces compared to inanimate objects, and dog compared to human bodies in dog olfactory regions. These findings shed light on the evolutionary foundations of human and dog social cognition and the predominant role of the temporal lobe. This data set contains: <ul> <li>raw functional neuroimaging data of N = 15 dogs</li> <li>structural scans of the same dogs incl. brain masks & skull-stripped versions</li> <li>files containing the condition names, onsets and durations for each dog and task run</li> <li>files containing the motion regressors incl. motion scrubbing for each dog and task run</li> </ul> Data of the comparative human neuroimaging sample will be made available by the first author upon reasonable request. Please also visit our Open Science Framework project site for detailed sample descriptives and group-level imaging data of both species (<a href="https://osf.io/kzcs2/">https://osf.io/kzcs2/</a>).

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Soil variation response is mediated by growth trajectories rather than functional traits in a widespread pioneer Neotropical tree

Description of Soil_DataTrees.csv <ul> <li>Tree_label: Label of trees on the field, there are 70 trees</li> <li>Tree_site: Site on which the tree has been sampled; COU: Counami; SPA: Sparouine</li> <li>Descr_date: Date of tree sampling</li> <li>Soil_type: Type of soil; FS: ferralitic soils; WS: white-sand soils</li> <li>Soil_sample: Label of soil sample</li> <li>H2Osoil: Soil water content (g kg-1)</li> <li>Clay: Soil clay content (g kg-1)</li> <li>SiltTh: Soil thin silt content (g kg-1)</li> <li>SiltCo: Soil coarse silt content (g kg-1)</li> <li>SandTh: Soil thin sand content (g kg-1)</li> <li>SandCo: Soil coarse sand content (g kg-1)</li> <li>Csoil: Soil carbon content (g kg-1)</li> <li>Nsoil: Soil nitrogen content (g kg-1)</li> <li>CNsoil: Soil carbon:nitrogen ratio</li> <li>MOsoil: Soil organic matter content (g kg-1)</li> <li>Ptotsoil: Soil total phosphorus content (g 100g-1)</li> <li>Kcec: Soil potassium:CEC[cation-exchange capacity] ratio</li> <li>Cacec: Soil calcium:CEC ratio</li> <li>Mgcec: Soil magnesium:CEC ratio</li> <li>Nacec: Soil sodium:CEC ratio</li> <li>Alcec: Soil aluminum:CEC ratio</li> <li>Fecec: Soil iron:CEC ratio</li> <li>Mncec: Soil manganese:CEC ratio</li> <li>Hcec: Soil hydrogen:CEC ratio</li> <li>pHsoil: Soil pH (cmol kg-1)</li> <li>CECsoil: Soil cation-exchange capacity (cmol kg-1)</li> <li>Indexsoil: Soil index of fertility = (K+Ca+Mg+Na)/CEC</li> </ul> K, Ca, Mg, Na, Al, Fe, Mn, H were initially measured in cmol kg-1   Description of Trait_DataTrees.csv <ul> <li>Tree_label: Label of the tree on the field. There are 70 trees</li> <li>Tree_site: Site of sampling; COU: Counami; SPA: Sparouine</li> <li>Descr_date: Date of tree sampling</li> <li>Calendar_day: Day of the year (between 1 and 365) of tree sampling</li> <li>Soil_type: Type of the soil; FS: ferralitic soils; WS: white-sand soils</li> <li>PCA1_soil: Coordinates of the trees along the first axis of PCA (principal component analysis) with soil data, used as a quantitative soil index on FS-WS soil gradient</li> <li>mesHeight: Measured tree height (m)</li> <li>Height: Tree height based on the sum of all internodes length (m)</li> <li>Dbh: Tree diameter at height breast (cm)</li> <li>Age: Tree age (year)</li> <li>Order: Number of branching order</li> <li>Brtot: Total number of branches branching from the trunk</li> <li>Leaftot: Total number of leaves</li> <li>Fltot: Total number of inflorescences</li> <li>Acrown: Total estimated crown area (m²)</li> <li>INA1: Number of trunk internodes</li> <li>Brbear: Number of A2 bearing branches</li> <li>Brdead: Number of A2 dead branches</li> <li>Br1stH: First branching height</li> <li>Fl1stH: First flowering height</li> <li>Br1stIN: First branching node rank</li> <li>Fl1stIN: First flowering node rank</li> <li>Br1stAge: First branching age</li> <li>Fl1stAge: First flowering age</li> <li>LL: Leaf lifespan (day)</li> <li>Lpet: Petiole length (cm)</li> <li>Apet: Petiole cross-sectional area (mm²)</li> <li>Nlobe: Number of leaf lobes</li> <li>LMA: Leaf mass area (g m-2)</li> <li>Thleaf: Leaf thickness (µm)</li> <li>Aleaf: Estimated individual leaf area (cm²)</li> <li>Chlleaf: Leaf chlorophyll content (mg ml-1)</li> <li>H20resleaf: Leaf residual water content (%)</li> <li>dC13leaf: δ13C content (&permil;)</li> <li>Cleaf: Leaf carbon content (g kg-1)</li> <li>Nleaf: Leaf nitrogen content (g kg-1)</li> <li>CNleaf: Leaf carbon:nitrogen ratio</li> <li>Pleaf: Leaf phosphorus content (g kg-1)</li> <li>Kleaf: Leaf potassium content (g kg-1)</li> <li>WSG: Wood specific gravity (g cm-3)</li> </ul>     <ul> <li>Tree_label: Label of the tree</li> <li>Soil_type: Type of the soil; FS: ferralitic soils; WS: white-sand soils</li> <li>rank_base: Rank of the internode from the base of the tree</li> <li>rank_top: Rank of the internode from the apex of the tree</li> <li>phyllochron: Phyllochron, number of days for the production of one leaf</li> <li>date: Estimated date of tree germination</li> <li>nb_day_base: Number of days since estimated germination</li> <li>nb_day_top: Age of the internode in days at tree sampling</li> <li>AS_rank_base: Rank of the annual shoot from the base of the tree</li> <li>As_rank_top: Rank of the annual shoot from the apex of the tree</li> <li>AS_nodes_base: Number of internodes per annual shoot</li> <li>AS_length_base: Length of the annual shoot (cm)</li> <li>AS_br_base: Number of A2 branches on the annual shoot</li> <li>AS_flo_base: Number of inflorescences on the annual shoot</li> <li>lg_en: Internode length (cm)</li> <li>ht_en: Cumulated height of the tree based on the sum of internode length (cm)</li> <li>ma_lgen: Moving average of internode length</li> <li>resi_lgen: Residuals of internode length</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2020View details →

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

Calcium imaging data from: Functional organization of visual responses in the octopus optic lobe

Cephalopods are highly visual animals with camera-type eyes, large brains, and a rich repertoire of visually guided behaviors. However, the cephalopod brain evolved independently from that of other highly visual species, such as vertebrates, and therefore the neural circuits that process sensory information are profoundly different. It is largely unknown how their powerful but unique visual system functions, since there have been no direct neural measurements of visual responses in the cephalopod brain. In this study, we used two-photon calcium imaging to record visually evoked responses in the primary visual processing center of the octopus central brain, the optic lobe, to determine how basic features of the visual scene are represented and organized. We found spatially localized receptive fields for light (ON) and dark (OFF) stimuli, which were retinotopically organized across the optic lobe, demonstrating a hallmark of visual system organization shared across many species. Examination of these responses revealed transformations of the visual representation across the layers of the optic lobe, including the emergence of the OFF pathway and increased size selectivity. We also identified asymmetries in the spatial processing of ON and OFF stimuli, which suggest unique circuit mechanisms for form processing that may have evolved to suit the specific demands of processing an underwater visual scene. This study provides insight into the neural processing and functional organization of the octopus visual system, highlighting both shared and unique aspects, and lays a foundation for future studies of the neural circuits that mediate visual processing and behavior in cephalopods.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Data from: Ocean deoxygenation caused non-linear responses in the structure and functioning of benthic ecosystems

The O2 content of the global ocean has been declining progressively over the past decades, mainly because of human activities and global warming. Nevertheless, how long-term deoxygenation affects macrobenthic communities, sediment biogeochemistry and their mutual feedback remains poorly understood. Here, we evaluate the response of the benthic assemblages and biogeochemical functioning to decreasing O2 concentrations along the persistent bottom-water dissolved O2 gradient of the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence (QC, Canada). We report several of non-linear biodiversity and functional responses to decreasing O2 concentrations, and identify an O2 threshold that occurs at approximately at 63 µM. Below this threshold, macrobenthic community assemblages change, and bioturbation rates drastically decrease to near zero. Consequently, the sequence of electron acceptors used to metabolize the sedimentary organic matter is squeezed towards the sediment surface while reduced compounds accumulate closer (as much as 0.5 to 2.5 cm depending on the compound) to the sediment-water interface. Our results illustrate the capacity of bioturbating species to compensate for the biogeochemical consequences of hypoxia and can help to predict future changes in benthic ecosystems.

Visual Function During Gait in Parkinson's Disease: Impact of Cognition and Response to Visual Cues

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02610634. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.

controlledIPD-YESFeb 2026View details →

Cardiovascular Risk and Functional Responses From Dancing at Home in the Elderly With and Without Type 2 Diabetes

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04840368. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 9.

Behavioral Activation (BA) for Medication-responsive Chronically Depressed Patients With Impaired Social Functioning

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01783080. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.

Suppression of Ovarian Function With Either Tamoxifen or Exemestane Compared With Tamoxifen Alone in Treating Premenopausal Women With Hormone-Responsive Breast Cancer

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00066690. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 3. Publications: 13.

Study to Determine How Cialis Effects the Renal Function in Response to Volume Expansion in Preclinical Systolic Cardiomyopathy (Aim2)

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01970176. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

Dose-response Effect of Dietary Nitrate on Muscle Function in Older Individuals

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03595774. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.

Multi-center Prospective Study Determining the Sustainability of Pain Relief and Psychosocial and Functional Responses When Utilizing a Multiple Waveform Enabled Neurostimulator

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03082261. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 7. Publications: 1.

Study to Determine How Cialis Effects the Renal Function in Response to Volume Expansion in Preclinical Diastolic Cardiomyopathy (Aim3)

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02058095. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

An Acupuncture Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Study on Chronic Pain: Response Reliability and Dose Effect

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01079390. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.

Dose-response of Physical Exercise on Pelvic Floor Muscle Function in Postmenopausal Women With Urinary Incontinence

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04351750. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 11.