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132 results for “global radiation”
An Assessment of Short-term Global and East Asian Local Climate Feedbacks using New Radiative Kernels
<p>High-resolution figures</p>
Daily surface all-wave net radiation over global land (2018-2019) from AVHRR data
<p>Surface net radiation, representing surface radiation energy balance, is closely related to several land processes, such as evapotranspiration, photosynthesis, and turbulent and conductive heat fluxes. Reanalysis products can provide a long-term surface net radiation; however, their coarse spatial resolution and large uncertainties hinder us from well applicating the data at a regional scale. Satellite products also include surface net radiation retrievals with high accuracy. The short time span of satellite products (i.e., GLASS product) makes these satellite products not suitable for long-term climate change study. Therefore, we used a deep learning method to upscale in situ measurements collected from global-distributed sites to generate a daily surface net radiation product with 0.05° spatial resolution from AVHRR data (2018-2019). </p> <p>After comprehensive validation, the RMSE of AVHRR net radiation product was ~26 Wm<sup>-2</sup>, which is generally better than some current reanalysis and satellite products.</p>
Daily surface all-wave net radiation over global land (1995-2006) from AVHRR data
<p>Surface net radiation, representing surface radiation energy balance, is closely related to several land processes, such as evapotranspiration, photosynthesis, and turbulent and conductive heat fluxes. Reanalysis products can provide a long-term surface net radiation; however, their coarse spatial resolution and large uncertainties hinder us from well applicating the data at a regional scale. Satellite products also include surface net radiation retrievals with high accuracy. The short time span of satellite products (i.e., GLASS product) makes these satellite products not suitable for long-term climate change study. Therefore, we used a deep learning method to upscale in situ measurements collected from global-distributed sites to generate a daily surface net radiation product with 0.05° spatial resolution from AVHRR data (1995-2006). </p> <p>After comprehensive validation, the RMSE of AVHRR net radiation product was ~26 Wm<sup>-2</sup>, which is generally better than some current reanalysis and satellite products.</p>
Daily surface all-wave net radiation over global land (1981-1994) from AVHRR data
<p>Surface net radiation, representing surface radiation energy balance, is closely related to several land processes, such as evapotranspiration, photosynthesis, and turbulent and conductive heat fluxes. Reanalysis products can provide a long-term surface net radiation; however, their coarse spatial resolution and large uncertainties hinder us from well applicating the data at a regional scale. Satellite products also include surface net radiation retrievals with high accuracy. The short time span of satellite products (i.e., GLASS product) makes these satellite products not suitable for long-term climate change study. Therefore, we used a deep learning method to upscale in situ measurements collected from global-distributed sites to generate a daily surface net radiation product with 0.05° spatial resolution from AVHRR data (1981-1994). </p> <p>After comprehensive validation, the RMSE of AVHRR net radiation product was ~26 Wm<sup>-2</sup>, which is generally better than some current reanalysis and satellite products.</p>
Daily surface all-wave net radiation over global land (2007-2017) from AVHRR data
<p>Surface net radiation, representing surface radiation energy balance, is closely related to several land processes, such as evapotranspiration, photosynthesis, and turbulent and conductive heat fluxes. Reanalysis products can provide a long-term surface net radiation; however, their coarse spatial resolution and large uncertainties hinder us from well applicating the data at a regional scale. Satellite products also include surface net radiation retrievals with high accuracy. The short time span of satellite products (i.e., GLASS product) makes these satellite products not suitable for long-term climate change study. Therefore, we used a deep learning method to upscale in situ measurements collected from global-distributed sites to generate a daily surface net radiation product with 0.05° spatial resolution from AVHRR data (2007-2017). </p> <p>After comprehensive validation, the RMSE of AVHRR net radiation product was ~26 Wm<sup>-2</sup>, which is generally better than some current reanalysis and satellite products.</p>
Daily surface all-wave net radiation over global land from AVHRR data (1981—2019)
<p>Surface net radiation, representing surface radiation energy balance, is closely related to several land processes, such as evapotranspiration, photosynthesis, and turbulent and conductive heat fluxes. Reanalysis products can provide a long-term surface net radiation; however, their coarse spatial resolution and large uncertainties hinder us from well applicating the data at a regional scale. Satellite products also include surface net radiation retrievals with high accuracy. The short time span of satellite products (i.e., GLASS product) makes these satellite products not suitable for long-term climate change study. Therefore, we used a deep learning method to upscale in situ measurements collected from global-distributed sites to generate a daily surface net radiation product with 0.05° spatial resolution from AVHRR data (1981-2019). After comprehensive validation, the RMSE of AVHRR net radiation product was ~26 Wm-2, which is generally better than some current reanalysis and satellite products.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
MUSES Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) 8-Day Global 0.05º Geographic Grid Since 1981
<p>The MUltiscale Satellite remotE Sensing (MUSES) product suite includes products with different spatial and temporal resolutions for parameters such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Near-Infrared Reflectance of Vegetation (NIRv), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR), Fractional Vegetation Coverage (FVC), Gross Primary Production (GPP), Net Primary Production (NPP). For more information about the MUSES products, please refer to this website (<a href="https://muses.bnu.edu.cn/">https://muses.bnu.edu.cn/</a>).</p> <p>This dataset is the MUSES global FAPAR product at 0.05º spatial resolution and 8-day temporal resolution. The MUSES FAPAR product is provided on Geographic grid and spans from 1981 to 2019 (continuously updated). It was generated from the MUSES LAI product at 0.05º resolution and other ancillary information using the complement to unity of the transmittance of PAR through the entire canopy (Xiao <em>et al</em>., 2015). The MUSES FAPAR values are the instantaneous values at 10:30 am local time, close approximation of daily average PAPAR values, and they are physically consistent with the corresponding MUSES LAI values. The MUSES FAPAR product is spatially complete and temporally continuous.</p> <p><strong>Dataset Characteristics:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Spatial Coverage: 180º W – 180º E, 90º S – 90º N;</li> <li>Temporal Coverage: 1981 – 2019;</li> <li>Spatial Resolution: 0.05º (approximately 5 km);</li> <li>Temporal Resolution: 8 days;</li> <li>Projection: Geographic;</li> <li>Data Format: HDF;</li> <li>Scale: 0.004;</li> <li>Valid Range: 0 – 250.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Citation </strong>(Please cite this paper whenever these data are used)<strong>:</strong></p> <ol> <li>Xiao Zhiqiang, <em>et al</em>., Estimating the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation from the MODIS databased GLASS leaf area index product. <em>Remote Sensing of Environment</em>, 171,105-117, 2015.</li> <li>Xiao Zhiqiang, <em>et al</em>., Evaluation of Three Long Time Series for Global Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) Products. <em>IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing</em>, 56, 5509-5524, 2018.</li> <li>Zheng Y., Xiao Z., Li J., Yang H., Song J., Evaluation of Global Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) Products at 500 m Spatial Resolution. <em>Remote Sensing</em>, 14, 3304, 2022.</li> </ol> <p>If you have any questions, please contact Prof. Zhiqiang Xiao (zhqxiao@bnu.edu.cn).</p>
ELITE surface longwave net radiation: global 1km Swath 5-min SLNR - Aqua (2010.04-06)
<p>The <strong>E</strong>ssential therma<strong>L</strong> <strong>I</strong>nfrared remo<strong>T</strong>e s<strong>E</strong>nsing (<strong>ELITE</strong>) product suite currently has four types of products, including land surface temperature (LST: clear-sky and all-sky), emissivity (NBE: narrowband emissivity; BBE: broadband emissivity; and spectral emissivity), the component of surface radiation and energy budget (SLUR: surface longwave upwelling radiation; SLDR: surface longwave downward radiation SLDR; SLNR: surface longwave net radiation), and the component of Earth’s radiation budget (OLR; outgoing longwave radiation; RSR: reflected solar radiation). The spatial-temporal resolutions of the ELITE products are mainly determined by the employed satellite data sources. For more information about ELITE products, please refer to the website (<a href="https://elite.bnu.edu.cn">https://elite.bnu.edu.cn</a>).</p> <p>This dataset is the ELITE global 1km instantaneous SLNR product ranging from 2000 to 2022 (continuously updated). This dataset was generated from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS, Terra and Aqua) data using the algorithm developed by Cheng et al. (2016), Cheng et al. (2017), and Yang and Cheng. (2020). </p> <p>This is the ELITE SLNR (Aqua) product in 2010.04-2010.06. Please <a href="https://zenodo.org/deposit/8255865"><strong><em>click here</em></strong></a> to download the ELITE SLNR (Aqua) product in 2010.01-2010.03 and <a href="https://zenodo.org/deposit/8255887"><strong><em>click here</em></strong></a> to download the ELITE SLNR (Aqua) product in 2010.07-2010.09.</p> <p><strong>Dataset Characteristics:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Spatial Coverage: Global</li> <li>Temporal Coverage: 2010</li> <li>Spatial Resolution: 1 km</li> <li>Temporal Resolution: 5min/instantaneous</li> <li>Data Format: hdf</li> <li>Scale: 0.05</li> <li>Offset: -1000</li> </ul> <p><strong>Citation </strong>(Please cite these papers when using the data)<strong>:</strong></p> <ol> <li>Cheng, J., & Liang, S. (2016). Global estimates for high-spatial-resolution clear-sky land surface upwelling longwave radiation from MODIS data. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, <em>54</em>(7), 4115-4129.</li> <li>Cheng J, Liang S, Wang W, et al. An efficient hybrid method for estimating clear‐sky surface downward longwave radiation from MODIS data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2017, 122(5): 2616-2630.</li> <li>Yang, F., & Cheng, J. (2020). A framework for estimating cloudy sky surface downward longwave radiation from the derived active and passive cloud property parameters. Remote Sensing of Environment, 248, 111972.</li> </ol> <p>If you have any questions, please contact Prof. Jie Cheng (Jie_Cheng@bnu.edu.cn).</p>
Data from: Multiple global radiations in tadpole shrimps challenge the concept of ‘living fossils’
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) Nonscanner Regional, Zonal, and Global Averages S-4N data in native format
ERBE_S4N_NAT_1 is the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) Nonscanner Regional, Zonal, and Global Averages S-4N data in native format data set, which contains averages of flux and albedo on regional, zonal, and global scales for non-scanner data processed without scanner scene identification information. Data collection for this data set is complete. The data are represented as 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit integers.ERBE was a multi-satellite system designed to measure the Earth's radiation budget. The ERBE instruments flew on a mid-inclination National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) and two sun-synchronous National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites (NOAA-9 and NOAA-10). Each satellite carried both a scanner and a non-scanner instrument package. The S-4N contained averages of flux and albedo on regional, zonal, and global scales for non-scanner data. It was available as a combination of all operational spacecraft (ERBS, NOAA-9 and NOAA-10) for the nons-canner wide field-of-view (WFOV) data. The S-4N is a multi-file product which has three files of WFOV numerical filter and three files of WFOV shape factor data. Monthly (day), monthly (hour), daily, and monthly hourly averages are determined for each region.
MODIS/Terra+Aqua Photosynthetically Active Radiation Daily/3-Hour L3 Global 0.05Deg CMG V062
The MCD18C2 Version 6.2 is a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra and Aqua combined Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) gridded Level 3 product produced daily at 0.05 degree (5,600 meters at the equator) resolution with estimates of PAR every 3 hours. PAR is incident solar radiation in the visible spectrum (400-700 nanometers) and is an important variable in land-surface models that address a variety of scientific and application issues. The MCD18 products are based on a prototyping algorithm that uses multi-temporal signatures of MODIS data to derive surface reflectance and then calculate incident PAR using the look-up table (LUT) approach. The LUTs consider different types of loadings of aerosols and clouds at a variety of illumination/viewing geometry. Global PAR products are generated from MODIS and geostationary satellite data. Additional details regarding the methodology used to create the data are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD).Provided in the MOD18C2 product are layers for instantaneous PAR array for each individual MODIS overpass and 3-hour PAR array along with a View Zenith Angle layer.Known Issues* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=TerraAqua&as=62).Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* MODIS shortwave infrared bands are included in the retrieval algorithm, which significantly reduces estimation uncertainties in cloud- and snow-covered pixels.* Inclusion of a new multispectral algorithm has been implemented to replace the blue band retrieval algorithm.* An improved climatology of surface spectral and broadband albedo was produced and used in the retrieval algorithm.
MODIS/Terra+Aqua Surface Radiation Daily/3-Hour L3 Global 5km SIN Grid V006
MCD18A1 Version 6 was decommissioned on October 28, 2022. Users are encouraged to use the [MCD18A1 Version 6.2 data product](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MCD18A1.062).The MCD18A1 Version 6 is a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra and Aqua combined Downward Shortwave Radiation (DSR) gridded Level 3 product produced daily at 5 kilometer pixel resolution with estimates of DSR every 3 hours. DSR is incident solar radiation over land surfaces in the shortwave spectrum (300-4,000 nanometers) and is an important variable in land-surface models that address a variety of scientific and application issues. The MCD18 products are based on a prototyping algorithm that uses multi-temporal signatures of MODIS data to derive surface reflectance and then calculate incident DSR using the look-up table (LUT) approach. The LUTs consider different types of loadings of aerosols and clouds at a variety of illumination/viewing geometry. Global DSR products are generated from MODIS and geostationary satellite data. Additional details regarding the methodology used to create the data are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD).Provided in the MOD18A1 product are layers for instantaneous DSR array for each individual MODIS overpass and 3-hour DSR array along with a View Zenith Angle layer.Known Issues* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=TerraAqua&as=6).
Global gene expression profiling of radiation-induced rat mammary carcinomas
To investigate gene expression patterns in rat mammary carcinomas induced by ionizing radiation. Gene expression patterns were analyzed in radiation-induced rat mammary carcinomas and normal mammary gland tissues.
Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) S-4GN (Nonscanner) Wide Field of View Numerical Filter (NF) Zonal and Global Averages
ERBE_S4GN_WFOV_NF_ZG data set contains Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) S-4GN (Nonscanner-only) Wide Field of View Numerical Filter (NF) 5.0 and 10.0 degree Zonal and Global Averages in Hierarchical Data Format.The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) is a multi-satellite system designed to measure the Earth's radiation budget. The ERBE instruments fly on a mid-inclination National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) and two sun-synchronous National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites (NOAA-9 and NOAA-10). Each carries both a scanner and a nonscanner instrument package.The ERBE S-4G product contains the same time and space averages of all the individual estimates of radiant flux at the top-of-the-atmosphere for one month and one spacecraft or combination of spacecraft as the S-4N product. The difference between the two products is that S-4N is arranged by region, with all parameters for a region grouped together, while S-4GN presents gridded data, with all regions for a given parameter grouped together.The S-4GN data set consists of nonscanner data processed without scene identification information from the scanner and with the numerical filter cross track enhancement.
Global DNA methylation profiling of radiation-induced rat mammary carcinomas
To investigate DNA methylation patterns in rat mammary carcinomas induced by ionizing radiation. DNA methylation patterns were analyzed in radiation-induced rat mammary carcinomas and normal mammary gland tissues using CpG island microarray.
Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) S-4GN (Nonscanner) Wide Field of View Shape Factor (SF) 10.0 degree Zonal and Global Averages
ERBE_S4GN_WFOV_SF_ZG_1 is the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) S-4GN (Non-scanner) Wide Field of View Shape Factor (SF) 10.0 degree Zonal and Global Averages data set, which is in Hierarchical Data Format (HDF). Data collection for this data set is complete.ERBE was a multi-satellite system designed to measure the Earth's radiation budget. The ERBE instruments flew on a mid-inclination National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) and two sun-synchronous National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites (NOAA-9 and NOAA-10). Each carried both a scanner and a non-scanner instrument package. The ERBE S-4G product contained the same time and space averages of all the individual estimates of radiant flux at the top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) for one month and one spacecraft or combination of spacecraft as the S-4N product. The difference between the two products was that S-4N was arranged by region, with all parameters for a region grouped together, while S-4GN presented gridded data, with all regions for a given parameter grouped together. The S-4GN data set consisted of non-scanner data processed without scene identification information from the scanner and with the numerical filter cross track enhancement.
Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) S-4G Nonscanner,Medium Field of View (MFOV) Numerical Filter (NF) Zonal and Global Averages in HDF
ERBE_S4G_MFOV_NF_ZG_1 is the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) S-4G Non-scanner, Medium Field of View (MFOV) Numerical Filter (NF) Zonal and Global Averages in HDF data product. Data collection for this product is complete. It consists of non-scanner, medium field-of-view data, processed using the numerical filter data reduction technique. The data are averaged over latitudinal bands(zones) as well as on a global level in which each parameter is averaged over the entire globe. The zonal averages are available in both 5.0 and 10.0 degree resolutions. Monthly (day), monthly (hour), daily, and monthly hourly averages are determined for each region. The data are represented as 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit integers.ERBE is a multi-satellite system that was designed to measure the Earth's radiation budget. ERBE instruments flew on a mid-inclination National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) and two sun-synchronous National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites, NOAA-9 and NOAA-10. NOAA-9 and NOAA-10 provided global coverage and the ERBS provided coverage between 67.5 degrees north and south latitude. Each satellite carried both a scanner and a non-scanner instrument package. The non-scanner instrument contained four Earth-viewing channels and a solar monitor. The Earth-viewing channels had two spatial resolutions: a horizon-to-horizon view of the Earth, and a field-of-view limited to about 1000 km in diameter. The former were called the wide field-of-view (WFOV) and the latter the medium field of view (MFOV) channels. For each of the two fields of view, there was a total spectral channel which was sensitive to all wavelengths and a shortwave channel which used a high purity, fused silica filter dome to transmit only the shortwave radiation from 0.2 to 5 microns. Because of the concern for spectral flatness and high accuracy, all five channels on the non-scanner package were active cavity radiometers. The ERBE S-4G product contained averages of radiant flux and albedo on regional, zonal, and global scales. The data for the S-4G product were arranged by parameter values. ERBE S-4G MFOV product was available as a combination of the ERBS and NOAA-9 spacecraft. Products were archived as a combination of ERBS and NOAA-9 from February 1985 through October 1986. MFOV measurements from NOAA-10 have not been archived.
MODIS/Terra+Aqua Photosynthetically Active Radiation Daily/3-Hour L3 Global 1km SIN Grid V062
The MCD18A2 Version 6.2 is a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra and Aqua combined Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) gridded Level 3 product produced daily at 1 kilometer pixel resolution with estimates of PAR every 3 hours. PAR is incident solar radiation in the visible spectrum (400-700 nanometers) and is an important variable in land-surface models that address a variety of scientific and application issues. The MCD18 products are based on a prototyping algorithm that uses multi-temporal signatures of MODIS data to derive surface reflectance and then calculate incident PAR using the look-up table (LUT) approach. The LUTs consider different types of loadings of aerosols and clouds at a variety of illumination/viewing geometry. Global PAR products are generated from MODIS and geostationary satellite data. Additional details regarding the methodology used to create the data are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD).Provided in the MOD18A2 product are layers for instantaneous PAR array for each individual MODIS overpass and 3-hour PAR array along with a View Zenith Angle layer.Known Issues* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=TerraAqua&as=62).Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* MODIS shortwave infrared bands are included in the retrieval algorithm, which significantly reduces estimation uncertainties in cloud- and snow-covered pixels.* Inclusion of a new multispectral algorithm has been implemented to replace the blue band retrieval algorithm.* An improved climatology of surface spectral and broadband albedo was produced and used in the retrieval algorithm.
MODIS/Terra+Aqua Photosynthetically Active Radiation Daily/3-Hour L3 Global 0.05Deg CMG V061
The MCD18C2 Version 6.1 dataset was decommissioned on June 1, 2024. Users are encouraged to use the [MCD18C2 Version 6.2 data product](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MCD18C2.062). The MCD18C2 Version 6.1 is a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra and Aqua combined Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) gridded Level 3 product produced daily at 0.05 degree (5,600 meters at the equator) resolution with estimates of PAR every 3 hours. PAR is incident solar radiation in the visible spectrum (400-700 nanometers) and is an important variable in land-surface models that address a variety of scientific and application issues. The MCD18 products are based on a prototyping algorithm that uses multi-temporal signatures of MODIS data to derive surface reflectance and then calculate incident PAR using the look-up table (LUT) approach. The LUTs consider different types of loadings of aerosols and clouds at a variety of illumination/viewing geometry. Global PAR products are generated from MODIS and geostationary satellite data. Additional details regarding the methodology used to create the data are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD).Provided in the MOD18C2 product are layers for instantaneous PAR array for each individual MODIS overpass and 3-hour PAR array along with a View Zenith Angle layer.Known Issues* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=TerraAqua&as=61).Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* The Version 6.1 Level-1B (L1B) products have been improved by undergoing various calibration changes that include: changes to the response-versus-scan angle (RVS) approach that affects reflectance bands for Aqua and Terra MODIS, corrections to adjust for the optical crosstalk in Terra MODIS infrared (IR) bands, and corrections to the Terra MODIS forward look-up table (LUT) update for the period 2012 - 2017.* A polarization correction has been applied to the L1B Reflective Solar Bands (RSB).* The MCD18 suite has added CMG products (MCD18C1/MCD18C2).
MODIS/Terra+Aqua Surface Radiation Daily/3-Hour L3 Global 1km SIN Grid V061
The MCD18A1 Version 6.1 dataset was decommissioned on June 1, 2024. Users are encouraged to use the [MCD18A1 Version 6.2 data product](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MCD18A1.062).The MCD18A1 Version 6.1 is a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra and Aqua combined Downward Shortwave Radiation (DSR) gridded Level 3 product produced daily at 1 kilometer pixel resolution with estimates of DSR every 3 hours. DSR is incident solar radiation over land surfaces in the shortwave spectrum (300-4,000 nanometers) and is an important variable in land-surface models that address a variety of scientific and application issues. The MCD18 products are based on a prototyping algorithm that uses multi-temporal signatures of MODIS data to derive surface reflectance and then calculate incident DSR using the look-up table (LUT) approach. The LUTs consider different types of loadings of aerosols and clouds at a variety of illumination/viewing geometry. Global DSR products are generated from MODIS and geostationary satellite data. Additional details regarding the methodology used to create the data are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD).Provided in the MOD18A1 product are layers for instantaneous DSR array for each individual MODIS overpass and 3-hour DSR array along with a View Zenith Angle layer.Known Issues* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=TerraAqua&as=61).Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* The Version 6.1 Level-1B (L1B) products have been improved by undergoing various calibration changes that include: changes to the response-versus-scan angle (RVS) approach that affects reflectance bands for Aqua and Terra MODIS, corrections to adjust for the optical crosstalk in Terra MODIS infrared (IR) bands, and corrections to the Terra MODIS forward look-up table (LUT) update for the period 2012 - 2017.* A polarization correction has been applied to the L1B Reflective Solar Bands (RSB).* The MCD18A1 Version 6.1 product has an improved 1 km resolution over the 5 km Version 6.* The MCD18 suite has added CMG products (MCD18C1/MCD18C2).
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.