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98 results for “habitat adaptation”
The role and risks of selective adaptation in extreme coral habitats
<p>This data repository contains the raw data used in the morphological analyses for the study "<strong>The role and risks of selective adaptation in extreme coral habitats</strong>". These include data from X-Ray tomography, electron microscopy, skeletal morphometrics (density, porosity) and material structural analyses (hardness).</p>
The flooded habitat adaptation, niche differentiation and evolution of Myristicaceae trees in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot in India
<p><span>Environmental heterogeneity is considered as one of the main drivers of habitat specialization and niche evolution among tropical plant lineages, and local scale habitat specialization promotes niche differentiation among sister taxa. In this study, we examined the degree to which habitat specialization lead to niche differentiation across the distribution range of a given species using five species of the family Myristicaceae native to Western Ghats, India as an example. In the Western Ghats, Myristicaceae species occur in two main habitat types, namely freshwater swamps (flooded habitat), and terra-firme forest (non-flooded habitat) distributed across a seasonal flooding gradient. First, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of flooded habitat specialization among global and Western Ghats Myristicaceae by mapping flooded habitat association and traits conferring flood tolerance (example: aerial roots) on a dated phylogeny. Then we investigated climatic niche differences among lineages occupying flooded and terra-firme habitats using occurrence data and environmental variables. Our analysis revealed swampy habitat occurrence as the probable ancestral state with subsequent speciation events leading to adaptation to non-swampy habitats. We also show that traits conferring flood tolerance have evolved independently several times during the evolution of Myristicaceae. Furthermore, phylogenetically distantly related Myristicaceae taxa occupying different habitats (flooded and terra-firme habitat) in Western Ghats show significant niche divergence. Overall, the repeated gain of swampy habitat specialization and associated morphological traits and evidence for habitat associated climatic niche divergence among Myristicaceae taxa suggest that seasonal flooding may have been an important driver of ecological diversification in this primitive plant family.</span></p>
Data from: Increase in leaf organic acids to enhance adaptability of dominant plant species in karst habitats
<p>Estimation of leaf nutrient composition of dominant plant species from contrasting habitats (i.e. karst and non-karst forests) provides an opportunity to understand how plants are adapted to karst habitats from the perspective of leaf traits. Here, we measured leaf traits – specific leaf area (SLA), concentrations of total carbon ([TC]), nitrogen ([TN]), phosphorus ([TP]), calcium ([Ca]), magnesium ([Mg]), manganese ([Mn]), minerals ([Min]), soluble sugars, soluble phenolics, lipids, and organic acids ([OA]) – and calculated water–use efficiency (WUE), construction costs (CC) and N/P ratios, and searched for correlations between these traits of 18 abundant plant species in karst and non–karst forests in southwesten China. Variation in leaf traits within and across the abundant species was both divergent and convergent. Leaf [TC], [Ca], [Min], [OA] and CC were habitat–dependent, while the others were not habitat- but species-specific. The correlations among [TN], [TP], SLA, [TC], CC, [Min], WUE, [OA], and CC were habitat–independent, and inherently associated with plant growth and carbon allocation; those between [CC] and [Lip], between [Ca] and [Mg], and between [Mg] and [WUE] were habitat–dependent. Habitat significantly affected leaf [Ca], and thus indirectly affected leaf [OA], [Min], and CC. Our results indicate that plants may regulate leaf [Ca] to moderate levels via adjusting leaf [OA] under both high and low soil Ca availability, and offer new insights into the abundance of common plant species in contrasting habitats.</p>
Fig. 2 in Leeches in the extreme: Morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations to inhospitable habitats
Fig. 2. Leeches in polar regions. A) Channichthyid fish with several leeches (Trulliobdella bacilliformis) attached to the head region. B) View of the interior upper jaw of a channichthyid fish with leeches (Nototheniobdella sawyeri) attached. Image credits: Alex Dornburg.
Data from: Two extended haplotype blocks are associated with adaptation to high altitude habitats in East African honey bees
Understanding the genetic basis of adaption is a central task in biology. Populations of the honey bee Apis mellifera that inhabit the mountain forests of East Africa differ in behavior and morphology from those inhabiting the surrounding lowland savannahs, which likely reflects adaptation to these habitats. We performed whole genome sequencing on 39 samples of highland and lowland bees from two pairs of populations to determine their evolutionary affinities and identify the genetic basis of these putative adaptations. We find that in general, levels of genetic differentiation between highland and lowland populations are very low, consistent with them being a single panmictic population. However, we identify two loci on chromosomes 7 and 9, each several hundred kilobases in length, which exhibit near fixation for different haplotypes between highland and lowland populations. The highland haplotypes at these loci are extremely rare in samples from the rest of the world. Patterns of segregation of genetic variants suggest that recombination between haplotypes at each locus is suppressed, indicating that they comprise independent structural variants. The haplotype on chromosome 7 harbors nearly all octopamine receptor genes in the honey bee genome. These have a role in learning and foraging behavior in honey bees and are strong candidates for adaptation to highland habitats. Molecular analysis of a putative breakpoint indicates that it may disrupt the coding sequence of one of these genes. Divergence between the highland and lowland haplotypes at both loci is extremely high suggesting that they are ancient balanced polymorphisms that greatly predate divergence between the extant honey bee subspecies.
Data from: Convergent evolution of highly reduced fruiting bodies in Pezizomycotina suggests key adaptations to the bee habitat
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The flooded habitat adaptation, niche differentiation and evolution of Myristicaceae trees in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot in India
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Data from: Evidence for morphological and adaptive genetic divergence between lake and stream habitats in European minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus, Cyprinidae)
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Data from: Should I change or should I go? phenotypic plasticity and matching habitat choice in the adaptation to environmental heterogeneity
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Data from: Two extended haplotype blocks are associated with adaptation to high altitude habitats in East African honey bees
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Data from: Habitat heterogeneity, host population structure and parasite local adaptation
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Data from: Cats in the forest: predicting habitat adaptations from humerus morphometry in extant and fossil Felidae (Carnivora)
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Data from: Increase in leaf organic acids to enhance adaptability of dominant plant species in karst habitats
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Comparative transcriptomics as a key to understanding the adaptation mechanisms of Baikal sculpins to the deep-water habitat
GEO Series GSE308109. Batrachocottus multiradiatus; Batrachocottus nikolskii; Comephorus dybowskii; Comephorus baikalensis. 4 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Data from: Can threatened species adapt in restored habitat? No expected evolutionary response in lay date for the New Zealand hihi
Many bird species have been observed shifting their laying date to earlier in the year in response to climate change. However the vast majority of these studies were performed on non-threatened species, less impacted by reduced genetic diversity (which is expected to limit evolutionary response) as a consequence of genetic bottlenecks, drift and population isolation. Here we study the relationship between lay date and fitness, as well as its genetic basis, to understand the evolutionary constraints on phenology faced by threatened species using a recently reintroduced population of the endangered New Zealand passerine, the hihi (Notiomystis cincta). A large discrepancy between the optimal laying date and the mode of laying date creates a strong selection differential of -11.24. The impact of this discrepancy on fitness is principally mediated through survival of offspring from hatchling to fledgling. This discrepancy does not seem to arise from a difference in female quality or a trade-off with lifetime breeding success. We find that start of breeding season depends on female age and average temperature prior to the breeding season. Laying date is not found to be significantly heritable. Overall, our research suggests that this discrepancy is a burden on hihi fitness, which will not be resolved through evolution or phenotypic plasticity. More generally, these results show that threatened species introduced to restored habitats might lack adaptive potential and plasticity to adjust their phenology to their new environment. This constraint is also likely to limit their ability to face future challenges, including climate change.
Data from: Can threatened species adapt in restored habitat? No expected evolutionary response in lay date for the New Zealand hihi
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Data from: Evolution of a key trait greatly affects underground community assembly process through habitat adaptation in earthworms
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Induction of miR162 contributes to invasive habitat adaption of Alternanthera philoxeroides
GEO Series GSE283087. Alternanthera philoxeroides. 66 samples. Type: Non-coding RNA profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.