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Fig. 4 in Predictors of helminth parasite infection in female chacma baboons (Papio ursinus)

Fig. 4. An interaction between host reproductive state and progestagen concentrations in the infection intensity of Protospirura. Pregnant females (blue) exhibit increased infection intensity of Protospirura with rising progestagen concentrations. Non-pregnant females (red) exhibit decreased infection intensity of Protospirura with rising progestagen concentrations. Confidence intervals are in gray. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in Predictors of helminth parasite infection in female chacma baboons (Papio ursinus)

Fig. 2. Plots showing associations between log Protospirura intensity (eggs per gram; epg) in female baboons and marginal effects of each predictor variable. Plots are (A) pregnant (no or yes); (B) log progestagen concentrations (low = below median; high = above median; ng/g); (C) season (dry or wet); (D) presence/absence of Oesophagostomum; and (E) log Trichuris intensity (epg). Points and whiskers on the plot represent the mean and confidence intervals. For Fig. 2E, the values of each fixed effect are divided into tertiles. Numbers above each bar indicate sample size.

Fig. 3 in Predictors of helminth parasite infection in female chacma baboons (Papio ursinus)

Fig. 3. Plots showing associations between log Trichuris intensity (eggs per gram; epg) in female baboons and marginal effects of each predictor variable. Plots are (A) cycling (no or yes); (B) log fecal glucocorticoid concentrations (ng/g); (C) season (dry or wet); (D) presence/absence of Oesophagostomum; and (E) log Protospirua intensity (epg). Points and whiskers on the plot represent the mean and confidence intervals. For Fig. 3B and E, the values of each fixed effect are divided into tertiles. Numbers above each bar indicate sample size. Photograph by Bobby Habig.

Fig. 1 in Predictors of helminth parasite infection in female chacma baboons (Papio ursinus)

Fig. 1. Population and host level processes proposed to drive within group variation in helminth infection risk among female chacma baboon hosts (partially adapted from Akinyi et al., 2019; Habig et al., 2019). Four key drivers of parasite risk are examined: environmental conditions; reproductive stage; steroid hormones; and patterns of coinfection.

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Fig. 1 in Helminth's assemblage of a small frog in the Brazilian semiarid: parasite-host-environment relationships

Fig. 1. Parasite load (total number of helminths per host) between females (N= 41) and males (N= 53) of Pseudopaludicola pocoto (Anura) from AssÚ municipality, Rio Grande do Norte state, northeastern Brazil.

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Fig. 1 in Helminth's assemblage of Trachemys dorbigni (Testudines: Emydidae) in southern Brazil: implications of anthropogenic environments and host's genders

Fig. 1. Overall layout of the collection environments in the study of helminth assemblage of Trachemys dorbigni in southern Brazil: A, detail of the Centro Agropecuário da Palma (UFPel), rural area of CapÃo do LeÃo, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; B, detail of the urban Área of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Source: extracted and modified the site Google® Earth (©2014 Google – Images ©2014 Digital Globe).

Fig. 3 in Molecular phylogenetics and systematics of two enteric helminth parasites (Baylisascaris laevis and Diandrya vancouverensis) in the Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis)

Fig. 3. Bayesian consensus phylogram based on Baylisascaris and outgroup alignments of concatenated nuclear sequences (28S, ITS, and ard1) from GenBank and this study (B. laevis). Branch labels represent Bayesian posterior probabilities. Branch lengths are scaled to expected number of substitutions per site. Abbreviations refer to sampling sites (AK = Alaska, ID = Idaho, CT = Connecticut; IL = Illinois; CA = California; WV = West Virginia; ALB = Alberta). See also Table 1.

Fig. 2 in Molecular phylogenetics and systematics of two enteric helminth parasites (Baylisascaris laevis and Diandrya vancouverensis) in the Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis)

Fig. 2. Bayesian consensus phylogram based on Baylisascaris and outgroup alignments of concatenated mitochondrial sequences (12S, cox1, and cox2) from GenBank and this study (B. laevis). Branch labels represent Bayesian posterior probabilities. Branch lengths are scaled to expected number of substitutions per site. Abbreviations refer to sampling sites (AK = Alaska, ID = Idaho, CT = Connecticut; IL = Illinois; CA = California; WV = West Virginia; ALB = Alberta). See also Table 1.

Fig. 1 in Molecular phylogenetics and systematics of two enteric helminth parasites (Baylisascaris laevis and Diandrya vancouverensis) in the Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis)

Fig. 1. Known geographic distributions of Baylisascaris laevis and Diandrya composita in North America.

Fig. 4 in New hosts for a snake's helminth: First report of intermediate and definitive hosts naturally infected by Ophidascaris arndti (Ascarididae) in the wild

Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Ophidascaris arndti larva from Akodon montensis. (A) Body; (B) Anterior end; (C) Apical view, amphids (am) and double papillae (dp); (D) Posterior end lateral view, anus (A).

Fig. 4 in Molecular phylogenetics and systematics of two enteric helminth parasites (Baylisascaris laevis and Diandrya vancouverensis) in the Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis)

Fig. 4. Bayesian consensus phylogram based on Baylisascaris and outgroup alignments of concatenated mitochondrial (12S, cox1, and cox2) and nuclear sequences (28S, ITS, and ard1) from GenBank and this study (B. laevis). Branch labels represent Bayesian posterior probabilities. Branch lengths are scaled to expected number of substitutions per site. Abbreviations refer to sampling sites (AK = Alaska, ID = Idaho, CT = Connecticut; IL = Illinois; CA = California; WV = West Virginia; ALB = Alberta). See also Table 1.

Fig. 3 in New hosts for a snake's helminth: First report of intermediate and definitive hosts naturally infected by Ophidascaris arndti (Ascarididae) in the wild

Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Ophidascaris arndti from Bothrops freitasi: (A) Male ventral view of the posterior end papillae (arrow); (B) Male cloaca (c) and papillae (arrow); (C) Male ventral view of tail, cloaca (c), papillae (arrow), and phasmid (ph, arrowhead); (D) Female ventro-lateral view of tail.

Fig. 2 in New hosts for a snake's helminth: First report of intermediate and definitive hosts naturally infected by Ophidascaris arndti (Ascarididae) in the wild

Fig. 2. Scanning electron micrographs of Ophidascaris arndti from Bothrops freitasi adult female. (A) Anterior end lateral view showing the excretory pore (arrow); (B) Dorsal view of lips, dorsal lip (D), double papillae (dp), lateroventral lips (LV), amphids (am), pointed depression (arrowhead); (C) Detail of denticles; (D) Detailed amphids.

Fig. 1 in New hosts for a snake's helminth: First report of intermediate and definitive hosts naturally infected by Ophidascaris arndti (Ascarididae) in the wild

Fig. 1. Light microscopy drawing of adult Ophidascaris arndti from Bothrops freitasi. (A) Female anterior end lateral view; (B) Female lips apical view; (C) Male posterior end lateral view, spicule, and ejaculatory duct; (D) Female posterior end ventral view; (E) Spicules; (F) Lateral view of the vulva, vagina, and uterine branches.

Fig. 5 in New hosts for a snake's helminth: First report of intermediate and definitive hosts naturally infected by Ophidascaris arndti (Ascarididae) in the wild

Fig. 5. Photomicrography of Ophidascaris arndti larva from Akodon montensis. (A) Anterior end lateral view; (B) Posterior end lateral view.

Fig. 6 in New hosts for a snake's helminth: First report of intermediate and definitive hosts naturally infected by Ophidascaris arndti (Ascarididae) in the wild

Fig. 6. Phylogenetic relationships Bayesian tree based on partial MT-CO1 gene sequences of ascaridoid specimens, including Ophidascaris and outgroup. The numbers at the nodes are BPPs (left) and aLRT (right). The scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site.

Fig. 6 in Interactions of cranial helminths in the European polecat (Mustela putorius): Implications for host body condition

Fig. 6. Marginal effects plot of the gamma generalised linear model of the Zeroaltered gamma model, predicting kidney fat weight as a function of snout-vent length and sex of the host. The colour of the 95% confidence interval corresponds to the sex of the same colour. The plot is based on the most parsimonious model identified after model selection (see Table 3). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 3 in Interactions of cranial helminths in the European polecat (Mustela putorius): Implications for host body condition

Fig. 3. Marginal effects plot of a logistic regression model predicting the presence (a) of T. acutum as a function of sex of the host and the presence/absence of S. nasicola, the other parasite, (b) of S. nasciola as a function of sex of the host and (c) of S. nasciola as a function of age of the host and the presence/absence of T. acutum. The 95% confidence intervals are shown as error bars or in grey. The plots is based on the most parsimonious model identified after model selection (see Table 1).

Fig. 5 in Interactions of cranial helminths in the European polecat (Mustela putorius): Implications for host body condition

Fig. 5. Marginal effects plot of the zero hurdle model of the Zero-altered gamma model, predicting the presence of kidney fat as a function of (a) snout-vent length, (b) abundance of T. acutum, (c) abundance of S. nasicola and (d) sex of the host. The 95% confidence intervals are shown in grey. The plot is based on the most parsimonious model identified after model selection (see Table 3).

Fig. 2 in Interactions of cranial helminths in the European polecat (Mustela putorius): Implications for host body condition

Fig. 2. Geographic origin of the skulls of the European polecat (Mustela putorius) analysed in this study. The size of the pie charts is indicative of the number of skulls analysed per locality and the contents of the pie charts are indicative of the infestation status of the corresponding animals. SKJ: Skrjabingylus nasicola, TRO: Troglotrema acutum. The numbers are indicative of the major landscape unit of origin of the samples.