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184 results for “high latitude”
Data from: Long-term nutrient addition and grazing exclusion determine flower abundance, diversity and community composition in high-latitude grasslands
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Increased importance of cool-water fish at high latitudes emerges from individual level responses to warming
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Data from: Jeju Island: a sentinel for tracking ocean warming impacts on high-latitude benthic communities
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Data from: Assessing spatial patterns of soil erosion in a high‐latitude rangeland
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Data from: Rapid climate change increases diversity and homogenizes composition of coastal fish at high latitudes
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Figure 4. 3D in First fossil frog from Antarctica: implications for Eocene high latitude climate conditions and Gondwanan cosmopolitanism of Australobatrachia
Figure 4. 3D models of some skeletal elements of Australobatrachia. (a,f) skull and (b–e,g–j) ilia of Calyptocephalella gayi (a–e); Telmatobufo venustus (f–h); Myobatrachus gouldii (i); Limnodynastes convexiusculus (j). Collection numbers of each specimen are listed in Table S1.
Figure 1 in First fossil frog from Antarctica: implications for Eocene high latitude climate conditions and Gondwanan cosmopolitanism of Australobatrachia
Figure 1. Maps and stratigraphic column of the studied area and succession. (a) Map of Antarctica showing the location of the study area. (b) Map of the northern Antarctic Peninsula showing the location of Seymour Island. (c) Geological sketch map of Seymour Island, showing the position of the fossil locality (asterisk). (d) Stratigraphic column of the La Meseta Formation on Seymour Island (from11) showing the position of the fossil locality (asterisk). Redrawn from13.
Data from: Crown asymmetry in high latitude forests: disentangling the directional effects of tree competition and solar radiation
Light foraging by trees is a fundamental process shaping forest communities. In heterogeneous light environments this behavior is expressed as plasticity of tree growth and the development of structural asymmetries. We studied the relative influence of neighborhood structure and directional solar radiation on horizontal asymmetry of tree crowns in late-successional high latitude (67–68°N) forests in northern Fennoscandia. We described crown asymmetries as crown vectors (i.e. horizontal vectors from stem center to crown center), which we obtained from canopy maps based on crown perimeter measurements in the field. To disentangle the influence of the two main determinants, inter-tree competition and directionality of above-canopy solar radiation at high latitudes, we applied circular statistical models, utilizing cylindrical distributions, to these data consisting of orientations and intensities of crown asymmetry. At the individual tree level, our model predicted crown asymmetry vectors from the current stand structure, and the predictions became better when the intensity of asymmetry (i.e. crown vector length) was higher. Competition was the main determinant of crown asymmetry for 2/3 of trees, and the model predictions improved when we incorporated the directionality of solar radiation. At the stand-level, these asymmetries had resulted in a small increment of the projected canopy area and an increased regularity of spatial structure. Our circular statistical modelling approach provided a quantitative evaluation of the relative importance of directionality of solar radiation and neighborhood stand structure, showing how both of these factors play a role in formation of crown asymmetries in high latitude forests. This approach further demonstrated the applicability of circular statistical modeling in ecological studies where the response variable has both orientation and intensity.
Ancient tropical extinctions at high latitudes contributed to the latitudinal diversity gradient
<p class="Style1PCI"><span><span><span><span>Global biodiversity currently peaks at the equator and decreases toward the poles. Growing fossil evidence suggest this hump-shaped latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) has not been persistent through time, with similar diversity across latitudes flattening out the LDG during past greenhouse periods. However, when and how diversity declined at high latitudes to generate the modern LDG remains an open question. Although diversity-loss scenarios have been proposed, they remain mostly undemonstrated. We outline the 'asymmetric gradient of extinction and dispersal' framework that contextualizes previous ideas behind the LDG under a time-variable scenario. Using phylogenies and fossils of Testudines, Crocodilia and Lepidosauria, we find that the hump-shaped LDG could be explained by (1) disproportionate extinctions of high-latitude tropical-adapted clades when climate transitioned from greenhouse to icehouse, and (2) equator-ward biotic dispersals tracking their climatic preferences when tropical biomes became restricted to the equator. Conversely, equivalent diversification rates across latitudes can account for the formation of an ancient flat LDG. The inclusion of fossils in macroevolutionary studies allows revealing time-dependent extinction rates hardly detectable from phylogenies only. This study underscores that the prevailing evolutionary processes generating the LDG during greenhouses differed from those operating during icehouses.</span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Trepostomate bryozoans from the upper Katian (Upper Ordovician) of Morocco: gigantism in high latitude Gondwana platforms
A study of the Upper Ordovician trepostomate bryozoans belonging to the families Amplexoporidae and Monticuliporidae, from the eastern Anti-Atlas of Morocco, is presented here. They occur in the marly to fine-grained limestone, intermediate unit of the Khabt-el-Hajar Formation, late Katian in age, representing outer-ramp depositional environments. They inhabited the highest paleolatitude known for a bryozoan fauna during the Ordovician, estimated at more than 65–70ºS. A total of 11 species of the genera Anaphragma, Atactoporella, Homotrypa, Monotrypa, Monticulipora, and Prasopora are described. Three species are already known from the equatorial-tropical paleocontinents of Baltica, Laurentia, and Siberia: Anaphragma mirabile, Monotrypa jewensis, and Prasopora falesi. Four new taxa are described:Anaphragma undulata, Atactoporella moroccoensis, Monticulipora globulata, and Monticulipora irregularis. The two species of Anaphragma and the one of Atactoporella display significantly larger zoarial sizes than congeneric species, representing gigantism among bryozoans. Polar gigantism is rejected for the two species of Anaphragma as is gigantism related to photosynthetic endosymbionts. An alternative proposal for their giant size is their long zoarial life span due to their well-balanced, robust branching form, with a relatively wide basal supporting surface, adapted to unconsolidated substrates in environments below wave base. Their great stability in outer-ramp environments, with infrequent storms, would allow the zoaria to grow for an extended time and reach large sizes before being overturned and buried. Atactoporella moroccoensis, has both zoaria and zooecia gigantic, suggesting a hypothesis of polar gigantism.
Data from: Assessing the effects of human activities on the foraging opportunities of migratory shorebirds in Austral high-latitude bays
Human presence at intertidal areas could impact coastal biodiversity, including migratory waterbird species and the ecosystem services they provide. Assessing this impact is therefore essential to develop management measures compatible with migratory processes and associated biodiversity. Here, we assess the effects of human presence on the foraging opportunities of Hudsonian godwits (Limosa haemastica, a trans-hemispheric migratory shorebird) during their non-breeding season on Chiloé Island, southern Chile. We compared bird density and time spent foraging in two similar bays with contrasting disturbance levels: human presence (mostly seaweed harvesters accompanied by dogs) was on average 0.9±0.4 people per 10 ha in the disturbed bay, whereas it was negligible (95% days absent) in the non-disturbed bay. Although overall abundances were similar between bays, godwit density was higher in the non-disturbed bay throughout the low tide period. Both days after the start of the non-breeding season and tidal height significantly affected godwit density, with different effects in either bay. Time spent foraging was significantly higher in the non-disturbed bay (86.5±1.1%) than in the disturbed one (81.3±1.4%). As expected, godwit density significantly decreased with the number of people and accompanying dogs in the disturbed bay. Our results indicate that even a low density of people and dogs can significantly reduce the foraging opportunities of shorebirds. These constraints, coupled with additional flushing costs, may negatively affect godwits' pre-migratory fattening. Hence, as a first step we suggest limiting human presence within bays on Chiloé to 1 person per 10 ha and banning the presence of accompanying dogs in sensitive conservation areas.
Data from: Birth dates vary with fixed and dynamic maternal features, offspring sex, and extreme climatic events in a high-latitude marine mammal
Reproductive synchrony tends to be widespread in diverse species of plants and animals, especially at higher latitudes. However, for long-lived mammals, birth dates for different individuals can vary by weeks within a population. A mother's birth timing can reveal useful information about her reproductive abilities and have important implications for the characteristics and survival of her offspring. Despite this, our current knowledge of factors associated with variation in birth dates is modest. We used long-term data for known-age Weddell seals in Antarctica and a Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach to study how birth dates varied with fixed and temporally varying features of mothers, whether sex allocation varied with birth timing, and annual variation in birth dates. Based on birth dates for 4465 pups born to 1117 mothers aged 4–31, we found that diverse features of mothers were associated with variation in birth dates. Maternal identity was the most important among these. Unlike most studies, which have reported that birth dates occur earlier as mothers age, we found that birth dates progressively occurred earlier in the year in the early part of a mother's reproductive life, reached a minimum at age 16, and then occurred later at later ages. Birth dates were positively related to a mother's age at primiparity and recent reproductive effort. The earliest birth dates were for pups born to prime-age mothers who did not reproduce in the previous year but began reproduction early in life, suggesting that females in the best condition gave birth earlier than others. If so, our finding that male pups tended to be born earlier than females provides support for the Trivers–Willard sex-allocation model. Average birth dates were quite consistent across years, except for 2 years that had notable delays and occurred during the period when massive icebergs were present and disrupted the ecosystem.
FIGURE 1 in A re-description of Discoconchoecia elegans (Sars, 1865) (Ostracoda: Halocyprididae) from high latitudes in the North Atlantic
FIGURE 1. Distribution of Discoconchoecia elegans according to Atlas of Atlantic Planktonic Ostracods.
FIGURE 3 in A re-description of Discoconchoecia elegans (Sars, 1865) (Ostracoda: Halocyprididae) from high latitudes in the North Atlantic
FIGURE 3. Discoconchoecia elegans, male, station N-2. A, carapace lateral view; B, carapace ventral view; C, posterior dorsal corner; D, first antenna; E, second antenna; F, endopodite of second antenna; G, mandible; H, maxilla; I, fifth limb; J, sixth limb; K, seventh limb; L, copulatory appendage; M, caudal furca. Scale = 0.1mm.
FIGURE 2 in A re-description of Discoconchoecia elegans (Sars, 1865) (Ostracoda: Halocyprididae) from high latitudes in the North Atlantic
FIGURE 2. Discoconchoecia elegans, female, station N-2. A. Carapace lateral view; B, carapace ventral view; C, posterior dorsal corner; D, first antenna; E, second antenna; F, exopodite of second antenna; G, endopodite of second antenna; H, mandible; I, maxilla; J, fifth limb; K, sixth limb; L, caudal furca; M, seventh limb. Scale = 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 16. Pillsburiaster aoteanus USNM 1100852. A. Abactinal surface. B in Taxonomy of high-latitude Goniasteridae (Subantarctic & Antarctic): one new genus, and three new species with an overview and key to taxa
FIGURE 16. Pillsburiaster aoteanus USNM 1100852. A. Abactinal surface. B. Close up of granules on abactinal surface. C. Actinal (or oral) surface. D. Lateral side showing marginal plate series (abactinal facing and superomarginals to the left). Scale Bar= 0.5 cm.
FIGURE 15 in Taxonomy of high-latitude Goniasteridae (Subantarctic & Antarctic): one new genus, and three new species with an overview and key to taxa
FIGURE 15. Pergamaster triseriatus. (USNM 1120478) A. Abactinal surface. B. Abactinal surface showing carinal series along arm and superomarginal plates. C. Lateral side showing madreporite, supero- and inferomarginal plate series. D. Oral surface showing furrow spines. E. Abactinal surface of small specimen. F. Actinal surface of small specimen. Scale Bar= 0.5 cm.
FIGURE 10. Eratosaster jennae n in Taxonomy of high-latitude Goniasteridae (Subantarctic & Antarctic): one new genus, and three new species with an overview and key to taxa
FIGURE 10. Eratosaster jennae n. sp. Holotype. USNM 1149358 A. Abactinal surface. B. Abactinal-lateral surface showing spines and superomarginal series. C. Actinal surface and oral region. D. Armtip showing superomarginals abutted along midline. Scale Bar=0.5 cm.
FIGURE 7 in Taxonomy of high-latitude Goniasteridae (Subantarctic & Antarctic): one new genus, and three new species with an overview and key to taxa
FIGURE 7. Chitonaster trangae nov. sp.. Holotype USNM E13585. A. Abactinal Surface.. B. Actinal surface. USNM 1121466 C. Granules on abactinal arm surface. USNM E13503. D. Coelomic view of abactinal plates showing papular pores.. USNM E50555-E. Lateral view of marginal plates and abactinal spines. F. Abactinal spines and plate variation. Scale Bar = 0.5 cm.
FIGURE 4. Chitonaster cataphracus USNM 1122200 A. Abactinal surface. USNM 1122198. B. Oral surface. C. Dorsolateral surface showing marginal plate series. D in Taxonomy of high-latitude Goniasteridae (Subantarctic & Antarctic): one new genus, and three new species with an overview and key to taxa
FIGURE 4. Chitonaster cataphracus USNM 1122200 A. Abactinal surface. USNM 1122198. B. Oral surface. C. Dorsolateral surface showing marginal plate series. D. Abactinal plate surface on arm showing irregular marginal plate series. E. Close-up of abactinal plates showing absence of papulae. Scale Bar= 0.5 cm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.