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115 results for “host behavior”
Data from: Survival of the feces: does a nematode lungworm adaptively manipulate the behavior of its cane toad host?
Parasites can enhance their fitness by modifying the behavior of their hosts in ways that increase rates of production and transmission of parasite larvae. We used an antihelminthic drug to experimentally alter infections of lungworms (Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala) in cane toads (Rhinella marina). We then compared subsequent behaviors of dewormed toads versus toads that retained infections. Both in the laboratory and in the field, the presence of parasites induced hosts to select higher body temperatures (thereby increasing rates of lungworm egg production), to defecate in moister sites, and to produce feces with higher moisture content (thereby enhancing survival of larvae shed in feces). Because those behavioral modifications enhance rather than decrease parasite fitness, they are likely to have arisen as adaptive manipulations of host behavior rather than as host adaptations to combat infection or as nonadaptive consequences of infection on host physiology. However, the mechanisms by which lungworms alter cane toad thermal preference and defecation are not known. Although many examples of host manipulation by parasites involve intermediate hosts facilitating their own demise, our findings indicate that manipulation of definitive hosts can be as subtle as when and where to defecate.
Data from: Selective attention by priming in host search behavior of 2 generalist butterflies
In phytophagous insects such as butterflies, there is an evolutionary trend towards specialization in host plant use. One contributing mechanism for this pattern may be found in female host search behavior. Since search attention is limited, generalist females searching for hosts for oviposition may potentially increase their search efficacy by aiming their attention on a single host species at a time, a behavior consistent with search image formation. Using laboratory reared and mated females of two species of generalist butterflies, the comma, Polygonia c-album, and the painted lady, Vanessa cardui (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), we investigated the probability of finding a specific target host (among non-host distractors) immediately after being primed with an oviposition experience of the same host as compared to different host in indoor cages. We used species-specific host plants that varied with respect to growth form, historical age of the butterfly-host association, and relative preference ranking. We found improved search efficacy after previous encounters of the same host for some but not all host species. Positive priming effects were found only in hosts with which the butterfly has a historically old relationship and these hosts are sometimes also highly preferred. Our findings provides additional support for the importance of behavioral factors in shaping the host range of phytophagous insects, and show that butterflies can attune their search behavior to compensate for negative effects of divided attention between multiple hosts.
Fig. 2 in Larval Feeding Behavior of Gratiana spadicea (Klug) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) on its Host Plant, Solanum sisymbriifolium Lamarck (Solanaceae): Interaction with Trichomes
Fig. 2. Characteristics of the stellate trichomes removed by Gratiana spadicea (n ¼ 20 per
Figure 3 from: Messas YF, Sobczak JF, Vasconcellos-Neto J (2017) An alternative host of Hymenoepimecis japi (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) on a novel family (Araneae, Araneidae), with notes on behavioral manipulations. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 60: 111-118. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.60.14817
Figure 3 - Web modification in Mecynogea biggiba induced by the parasitoid wasp Hymenoepimecis japi. A Normal web of M. biggiba B–C Cocoon webs in lateral view, and D close of the center of the cocoon web. Arrows indicate the dome-shaped part of the web (white), hub of the dome (red) and support threads (green).
Figure 2 from: Messas YF, Sobczak JF, Vasconcellos-Neto J (2017) An alternative host of Hymenoepimecis japi (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) on a novel family (Araneae, Araneidae), with notes on behavioral manipulations. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 60: 111-118. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.60.14817
Figure 2 - Mecynogea biggiba parasitized by Hymenoepimecis japi. A Adult female spider and first instar larvae B Adult female spider with second instar larvae on its abdomen C Third instar larvae of H. japi after killing its host spider D Third instar larvae consuming the hemolymph of M. biggiba E Detail of dorsal tubercles bearing several hooks F Cocoon of H. japi G Dense weave of cocoon threads in detail.
Fig. 1 in Behavioral responses of Aphis citricola (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its natural enemy Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to non-host plant volatiles
Fig. 1. Total numbers of Aphis citricola (A) and Harmonia axyridis (B) individuals from 2012 to 2015 in relation to ground cover vegetation. C + FM: catnip (Nepeta cataria) + French marigold (Tagetes patula), A + FM: ageratum (Ageratum houstonianum) + French marigold, C + A: catnip + ageratum; CK: native vegetation.
Fig. 4 in Behavioral responses of Aphis citricola (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its natural enemy Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to non-host plant volatiles
Fig. 4. Response of Aphis citricola adults to French marigold (Tagetes patula) (A) and catnip (Nepeta cataria) (B). T: Apple trees + aromatic plants; CK: apple trees only. The numbers of asterisks represent the level of significance: ** highly significant (P <0.01); * significant difference (P <0.05).
Figure 2 in Host instars preference, density-dependent parasitism and behavioral perspective of parasitoids (Aphidius colemani, Aphidius matricariae and Aphelinus abdominalis) in Aphis glycines and Aphis gossypii
Figure 2: Parasitism percentage of parasitoids (Ad. colemani, Ad. matricariae and Al. abdominalis) on different host instars of (A) As. glycines (n= 30) and (B) As. gossypii (n= 30).
Figure 4 in Host instars preference, density-dependent parasitism and behavioral perspective of parasitoids (Aphidius colemani, Aphidius matricariae and Aphelinus abdominalis) in Aphis glycines and Aphis gossypii
Figure 4: Parasitism percentage of parasitoids (Ad. colemani, Ad. matricariae and Al. abdominalis) at different host density levels of (A) As. glycines and (B) As. gossypii. C1 (1:1) Control, C2 (10:1), C3 (50:5), C4 (100:10), C5 (200:20).
Figure 3 in Host instars preference, density-dependent parasitism and behavioral perspective of parasitoids (Aphidius colemani, Aphidius matricariae and Aphelinus abdominalis) in Aphis glycines and Aphis gossypii
Figure 3: Comparison of parasitism of parasitoids (Ad. colemani, Ad. matricariae and Al. abdominalis) on different host density levels of (A) As. glycines and (B) As. gossypii. C1 (1:1) Control, C2 (10:1), C3 (50:5), C4 (100:10), C5 (200:20).
Data from: Host behavior drives parasite genetics at multiple geographic scales: population genetics of the chewing louse, Thomomydoecus minor
Pocket gophers and their symbiotic chewing lice form a host–parasite assemblage known for a high degree of cophylogeny, thought to be driven by life history parameters of both host and parasite that make host switching difficult. However, little work to date has focused on determining whether these life histories actually impact louse populations at the very fine scale of louse infrapopulations (individuals on a single host) at the same or at nearby host localities. We used microsatellite and mtDNA sequence data to make comparisons of chewing-louse (Thomomydoecus minor) population subdivision over time and over geographic space where there are different potential amounts of host interaction surrounding a zone of contact between two hybridizing pocket-gopher subspecies. We found that chewing lice had high levels of population isolation consistent with a paucity of horizontal transmission even at the very fine geographic scale of a single alfalfa field. We also found marked genetic discontinuity in louse populations corresponding with host subspecies and little, if any, admixture in the louse genetic groups even though the lice are closely related. The correlation of louse infrapopulation differentiation with host interaction at multiple scales, including across a discontinuity in pocket-gopher habitat, suggests that host behaviour is the primary driver of parasite genetics. This observation makes sense in light of the life histories of both chewing lice and pocket gophers and provides a powerful explanation for the well-documented pattern of parallel cladogenesis in pocket gophers and chewing lice.
Figure 1 from: Windsor D, Dury G, Frieiro-Costa F, Lanckowsky S, Pasteels J (2013) Subsocial Neotropical Doryphorini (Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae): new observations on behavior, host plants and systematics. ZooKeys 332: 71-93. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.332.5199
Figure 1 - Maternal care providing Doryphora species, a Doryphora paykulli female with eggs and first instar larvae under an apical leaf of Prestonia seemanii (photo by S.L.) b female straddling a mix of first and second instar larvae (photo by S.L.) c Doryphora paykulli larvae moving to a new leaf followed by their mother (photo by S. Van Bael) d Doryphora paykulli larvae stripping the cortex of their host while descending in pairs to pupate, (photo by D.W.) e Doryphora reticulata ovipositing under apical leaf of Prestonia tomentosa in Central Brazil (photo by F.F.) f Doryphora reticulata larvae on the natal leaf (photo by F.F.) g female Doryphora reticulata stradding first instar larvae (photo by F.F.) h Doryphora reticulata female tending fully-developed larvae at the base of the food plant just prior to pupating underground (photo by F.F.).
Figure 5 from: Windsor D, Dury G, Frieiro-Costa F, Lanckowsky S, Pasteels J (2013) Subsocial Neotropical Doryphorini (Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae): new observations on behavior, host plants and systematics. ZooKeys 332: 71-93. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.332.5199
Figure 5 - Bayesian Consensus tree of 472 bp COI sequences obtained for 12 species of Central and South American Solanaceae-feeding Doryphorini and one outgroup. For nodes with less than 100% support, Bayesian values are placed above node, Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values below the node, while asterisks (*) indicate nodes with different taxon placement under ML analysis and thus are not strictly comparable.
Figure 4 from: Windsor D, Dury G, Frieiro-Costa F, Lanckowsky S, Pasteels J (2013) Subsocial Neotropical Doryphorini (Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae): new observations on behavior, host plants and systematics. ZooKeys 332: 71-93. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.332.5199
Figure 4 - Other Solanaceae associated Chrysomelinae of unknown habits (a, b, c, g), known not to provide maternal care (d, e, f) and outgroup taxon (h), a Proseicela antennalis (Photo by D.W.) b Proseicela flavipennis (Photo by G.D.) c Platyphora amabilis (Photo by D.W.) d Platyphora aulica (Photo by D.W.) e Platyphora nigronotata (Photo by D.W.) f Platyphora anastomozans (Photo by D.W.) g Platyphora sphaerica (Photo by J.P.) h Stilodes modesta (Photo by D.W.).
Figure 3 from: Windsor D, Dury G, Frieiro-Costa F, Lanckowsky S, Pasteels J (2013) Subsocial Neotropical Doryphorini (Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae): new observations on behavior, host plants and systematics. ZooKeys 332: 71-93. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.332.5199
Figure 3 - Maternal care providing Proseicela species, a Proseicela vittata adult (Photo by D.W.) b Proseicela vittata female and larvae from two cohorts. Insert shows detail of vein pinching along approximately 1cm of the primary vein (Photo by D.W.) c Proseicela vittata female with late stage larvae (Photo by D.W.) d Proseicela bicruciata adult female, (photo by G.D.) e Proseicela bicruciata female tending larvae (photo by G.D.) f Proseicela bicruciata food plant, Solanum abitaguense (photo by G.D.) g Proseicela spectabilis adult (photo by G.D.) h Proseicela spectabilis with nearly full-grown larval brood and tachinid parasitoid (photo by G.D.) i. Proseicela spectabilis host plant, Solanum sp. (photo by G.D.) j Proseicela sp. n. adult female (photo by G.D.) k the same female tending three feeding larvae feeding on Cuatresia sp. (Solanaceae) (photo by G.D.) l wider view of the host plant (photo by G.D.).
Figure 2 from: Windsor D, Dury G, Frieiro-Costa F, Lanckowsky S, Pasteels J (2013) Subsocial Neotropical Doryphorini (Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae): new observations on behavior, host plants and systematics. ZooKeys 332: 71-93. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.332.5199
Figure 2 - Maternal care providing Platyphora microspina in Panama, a female with recently deposited larvae (photo by D.W.) b female guarding mid-sized larvae (photo by D.W.) c female and young larval brood moving among leaves (photo by D.W.) d female tending overlapping cohorts of larvae (photo by D.W.).
Figures 1–8 in Host selection and nesting behavior of Nearctic trapdoor spider-hunting spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pepsinae, Pompilinae)
Figures 1–8. Trapdoor spider-hunting spider wasps and their hosts. 1) Calopompilus pyrrhomelas female, with wings raised dorsally, stinging an Antrodiaetus sp., probably pacificus (Antrodiaetidae), adult or subadult female, dorsal side upward, under its mouthparts, Pacific Crest Trail, Klamath Mountains, Trinity County, CA. Photograph © Chris Collier. 2) Priocnemis (Priocnemissus) oregona female resting during prey transport of an immobilized Antrodiaetus sp., probably pacificus, subadult female, dorsal side upward, just north of Corvallis, Benton County, OR. Photograph © Julia Pearson. 3) Aporus (Aporus) luxus female dragging an immobilized Antrodiaetus sp., probably pacificus, adult or subadult female, backwards across a gravelly path, dorsal side upward, grasping the tibia of its third left leg with her mandibles. The end of the wasp's metasoma is bent downward against the ground and used for added leverage, Oregon Caves National Monument, Cave Junction, OR. Photograph © Ivan Yates. 4) Aporus (Aporus) luxus female dragging an immobilized Aptostichus?hesperus (Chamberlin) backwards on the ground, grasping the patella of its second left leg with her mandibles, San Jacinto, Riverside County, CA. Photograph © Richard Seaman. 5) Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus female dragging an immobilized Aptostichus simus (Euctenizidae), juvenile, dorsal side upward, backwards across sand, grasping the end of its right pedipalp with her mandibles, coastal relict dunes, Vandenberg Air Force Base, Santa Barbara County, CA. Photograph © Alice Abela. 6) Psorthaspis planata female attempting to pry open the silk, soil and debris trapdoor of Bothriocyrtum californicum (Halonoproctidae), using her mandibles and forelegs in unison, Santee, San Diego County, CA. Photograph © Gilbert Quintana. 7) Psorthaspis mariae female dragging Ummidia audouini (Halonoproctidae), juvenile, backwards across rough soil, grasping its abdomen with her mandibles, Ellijay, Gilmer County, GA. The wasp holds the bent end of her abdomen on the ground for added leverage. The partly open trapdoor flap is seen below the wasp and spider's abdomen. Photograph © Danielle Burgess. 8) Early instar larval spider wasp, probably Psorthaspis mariae, feeding on the dorsum of the abdomen of Ummidia audouini, penultimate female, 6 km S of Lynx, Adams County, OH. Photograph © Laura Hughes.
Wolbachia affect behavior and possibly reproductive compatibility but not thermoresistance, fecundity, and morphology in a novel transinfected host, Drosophila nigrosparsa
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Data from: Host provisioning behavior favors mimetic begging calls in a brood-parasitic cowbird
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Data from: Survival of the feces: does a nematode lungworm adaptively manipulate the behavior of its cane toad host?
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.