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opencc-by-4.0Jul 2022View details →

Fig. 19. Male genitalia and harpe. A–C in Review of the fritillary species systematically close to Melitaea lutko Evans, 1932 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) with analysis of their geographic distribution and interrelations with host plants

Fig. 19. Male genitalia and harpe. A–C. Melitaea timandra timandra Coutsis & van Oorschot, 2014. D–I. M. timandra binaludica subsp. nov. A–C. Turkmenistan, Sary-Yazy, alt. 300 m. D–F. Iran, Rezavi Khorassan Prov., Kuh-e-Binalud Mts, Dorrud v. vicinity, alt. 2430 m. G. Afghanistan, Bamian Prov., Band-e-Amir, alt. 3200 m. H. Afghanistan, Bamian Prov., Band-e-Amir, Dzhudoi-Kvak Gorge, alt. 3200 m. I. Afghanistan, Band-e-Amir, Hazarajat.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2022View details →

data for "Plant genetic effects on microbial hubs impact host fitness in repeated field trials"

These are data tables required for the analysis of the paper "Plant genetic effects on microbial hubs impact host fitness in repeated field trials".  All scripts are available at https://forgemia.inra.fr/bbrachi/microbiota_paper.git The folder architecture in the zip files is the same as in the repository: https://forgemia.inra.fr/bbrachi/microbiota_paper.git The dataset includes:  - OTU count tables for 16S and ITS - taxonomic assignation - plant seed-set estimates - plant growth data from the B38 experiment.  - Metabolomics datasets

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Host developmental stages shape the evolution of a plant RNA virus

Datasets used in the generation of figures 1 and 2 of: Melero, I., González, R., Elena, S.F. 2022. Host developmental stages shape the evolution of a plant RNA Virus. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B doi: 10.1098/rtsb.2022.0005

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Alpine butterflies want to fly high: Species and communities shift upwards faster than their host plants

Despite sometimes strong co-dependencies of insect herbivores and plants, responses of individual taxa to accelerating climate change are typically studied in isolation. Thereby, biotic interactions that potentially limit species in tracking their preferred climatic niches are ignored. Here, we chose butterflies as a prominent representative of herbivorous insects to investigate the impacts of temperature changes and their larval host plant distributions along a 1.4 km elevational gradient in the German Alps. Following a sampling protocol of 2009, we re-visited 33 grassland plots in 2019 over an entire growing season. We quantified changes in butterfly abundance and richness by repeated transect walks on each plot and disentangled the direct and indirect effects of locally assessed temperature, site management, and larval and adult food resource availability on these patterns. Additionally, we determined elevational range shifts of butterflies and host plants at both the community and species level. Comparing the two sampled years (2009, 2019), we found a severe decline in butterfly abundance and a clear upward shift of butterflies along the elevational gradient. We detected shifts in the peak of species richness, community composition and at the species level, whereby mountainous species shifted particularly strongly. In contrast, host plants showed barely any change, neither concerning species richness, nor individual species shifts. Further, temperature and host plant richness were the main drivers of butterfly richness, with change in temperature explaining best the change of richness over time. We conclude that host plants are not yet hindering butterfly species and communities from shifting upwards. However, the mismatch between butterfly and host plant shifts might become a problem for this very close plant-herbivore relationship, especially towards higher elevations, if butterflies fail to adapt to new host plants. Further, our results support the value of conserving traditional extensive pasture use as a promoter of host plants and thereby butterfly richness.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

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Novel host plant unmasks heritable variation in plant preference within an insect population

Introductions of novel plant species can disturb the historical resource environment of herbivorous insects, resulting in strong selection to either adopt or exclude the novel host. However, an adaptive response depends on heritable genetic variation for preference or performance within the targeted herbivore population, and it is unclear how heritability of host-use preference may differ between novel and historical hosts. Pieris macdunnoughii butterflies in the Rocky Mountains lay eggs on the nonnative mustard Thlaspi arvense, which is lethal to their offspring. Heritability analyses revealed considerable sex-linked additive genetic variation in host preference within a population of this butterfly. This was contrary to general predictions about the genetic basis of preference variation, which are hypothesized to be sex-linked between populations but autosomal within populations. Evidence of sex-linkage disappeared when butterflies were tested on methanol-based chemical extracts, suggesting these chemicals in isolation may not be the primary driver of female choice among available host plants. Although unexpected, evidence for within-population sex-linked genetic variation in preference for T. arvense over native hosts indicates that persistent maladaptive oviposition on this lethal plant must be maintained by alternative evolutionary dynamics such as migration- or drift-selection balance or pleiotropic constraints.

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Complex plant quality - microbiota - population interactions modulate the response of a specialist herbivore to the defense of its host plant.

1. Many specialist herbivores have evolved strategies to cope with plant defenses, with gut microbiota potentially participating to such adaptations. 2. In this study we assessed whether the history of plant use (population origin) and microbiota may interact with plant defense adaptation. 3. We tested whether microbiota enhance the performance of Melitaea cinxia larvae on their host plant, Plantago lanceolata and increase their ability to cope the defensive compounds, iridoid glycosides (IGs). 3. The gut microbiota was significantly affected by both larval population origin and host plant IG level. Contrary to our prediction, impoverishing the microbiota with antibiotic treatment did not reduce larval performance. 5. As expected for this specialized insect herbivore, sequestration of one of IGs was higher in larvae fed with plants producing higher concentration of IGs. These larvae also showed metabolic signature of intoxication (i.e. decrease in Lysine levels). However, intoxication on highly defended plants was only observed when larvae with history of poorly defended plants were simultaneously treated with antibiotics. 6. Our results suggest that both adaptation and microbiota contribute to the metabolic response of herbivores to plant defense though complex interactions.

Figure 4 in Can host plants affect egg predation of two-spotted spider mite by Macrolophus pygmaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae)?

Figure 4. Age-specific survival rate (lx), age-specific predation rate (kx), and age-specific net predation rate (qx) of Macrolphus pygmaeus fed on Tetranychus urticae eggs reared on tomato and sweet pepper.

Figure 2 in Can host plants affect egg predation of two-spotted spider mite by Macrolophus pygmaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae)?

Figure 2. Age-specific survivorship (lx), age-stage-specific fecundity (fxj), age-specific fecundity of the total population (mx), and age-specific maternity (lxmx) of Macrolophus pygmaeus fed on Tetranychus urticae eggs reared on tomato plant and sweet pepper.

Fig. 3 in Black cherry as a host plant for stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in agroecosystems in Georgia, USA

Fig. 3. Mean number of Chinavia hilaris adults and nymphs detected per scout sample in black cherry tree in 2016 (A) and 2018 (B). Fl = flowering; Gr = green fruit; Pi = pink fruit; Rd = red fruit; Pu = purple fruit; Go = fruit gone.

Figs. 15–24 in Taxonomic studies on the genus Caryopemon (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) of China and Myanmar with some new host plants

Figs. 15–24. Caryopemon giganteus; 15, dorsal view; 16, ventral view; 17, hind femur; 18, lateral lobes, ventral view; 19, setae on the lateral lobe; 20, median lobe, dorsal view; 21, minute denticles in the middle of internal sac, 22; median lobe, lateral view; 23, ovipositor; 24, apex of ovipositor. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 2 in Black cherry as a host plant for stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in agroecosystems in Georgia, USA

Fig. 2. Mean number of Chinavia hilaris adults and nymphs captured per pheromone-baited trap in black cherry in 2016 (A), 2017 (B), and 2018 (C).

Fig. 1 in Black cherry as a host plant for stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in agroecosystems in Georgia, USA

Fig. 1. Mean number of Euschistus servus and Euschistus tristigmus adults and nymphs captured per pheromone-baited trap in black cherry in 2016 (A), 2017 (B), and 2018 (C).

Figs. 25 and 26. Localities and host plant for the herein described Caryopemon species. Fig. 25 in Taxonomic studies on the genus Caryopemon (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) of China and Myanmar with some new host plants

Figs. 25 and 26. Localities and host plant for the herein described Caryopemon species. Fig. 25. Map of southwestern China, illustrating localities for Caryopemon species in China and Myanmar. Caryopemon hieroglyphicus = square, Caryopemon luteonotatus = triangle, Caryopemon giganteus = circles. Fig. 26. Seeds of Mucuna sp. (Fabaceae) from Myanmar (Lashio): the middle and right were infested by Caryopemon giganteus. Scale bar = 10 mm.

Figs. 1–8 in Taxonomic studies on the genus Caryopemon (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) of China and Myanmar with some new host plants

Figs. 1–8. Caryopemon hieroglyphicus; 1, dorsal view; 2, ventral view; 3, hind femur; 4, lateral lobes, ventral view; 5, median lobe; 6, ovipositor; 7, apex of ovipositor; 8, spermatheca. Scale bars = 1 mm. (4 and 5 from Singal, 1987)

Figs. 9–14 in Taxonomic studies on the genus Caryopemon (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) of China and Myanmar with some new host plants

Figs. 9–14. Caryopemon luteonotatus; 9, dorsal view; 10, ventral view; 11, hind femur; 12, median lobe, ventral view; 13, median lobe, lateral view; 14, lateral lobes, ventral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figure 5 in Seasonal Abundance of Economically Important Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) in Bangladesh, in Relation to Abiotic Factors and Host Plants

Figure 5. Distribution and mean monthly trap captures of Dacus longicornis, in relation with abiotic factors and host fruit availability.

Figure 4 in Seasonal Abundance of Economically Important Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) in Bangladesh, in Relation to Abiotic Factors and Host Plants

Figure 4. Distribution and mean monthly trap captures of Zeugodacus cucurbitae (A) and Z. tau (B), in relation with abiotic factors and host fruit availability.

Figure 3 in Seasonal Abundance of Economically Important Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) in Bangladesh, in Relation to Abiotic Factors and Host Plants

Figure 3. Distribution and mean monthly trap captures of Bactrocera rubigina (A) and B. correcta (B), in relation with abiotic factors.

Figure 2 in Seasonal Abundance of Economically Important Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) in Bangladesh, in Relation to Abiotic Factors and Host Plants

Figure 2. Distribution and mean monthly trap captures of Bactrocera dorsalis (A) and B. zonata (B), in relation with abiotic factors and host fruit availability.

Figure 1. A in Seasonal Abundance of Economically Important Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) in Bangladesh, in Relation to Abiotic Factors and Host Plants

Figure 1. A: Fruit fly trapping sites maintained at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment compound in Bangladesh in 2016–2017 (sites 1 to 10) and 2017–2018 (sites 1, 8, 9). B: Mean monthly rainfall and minimum and maximum temperature recorded in Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the study period.