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128 results for “hybrid origin”
Data from: Recent non-hybrid origin of sunflower ecotypes in a novel habitat
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Riverscape properties contribute to the origin and structure of a hybrid zone in a Neotropical freshwater fish
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Data from: Integrating phylogeography and paleoecology to investigate the origin and dynamics of hybrid zones: insights from two widespread North American firs
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Data from: Tracing the origin of Oriental beech stands across Western Europe and reporting hybridization with European beech – implications for assisted gene flow
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On the hybrid origin of the C2 Salsola divaricata agg. (Amaranthaceae) from C3 and C4 parental lineages
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Figure 9 from: Tian D-K, Xiao Y, Li Y-C, Yan K-J (2020) Several new records, synonyms, and hybrid-origin of Chinese begonias. PhytoKeys 153: 13-35. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.153.50805
Figure 9 Distribution map of Begonia taliensis (syn. B. muliensis) Triangles show distribution sites, based on specimens and field surveys and red triangles indicate type locality of B. muliensis (Muli of Sichuan) and B. taliensis (Dali of Yunnan), respectively.
Figure 8 from: Tian D-K, Xiao Y, Li Y-C, Yan K-J (2020) Several new records, synonyms, and hybrid-origin of Chinese begonias. PhytoKeys 153: 13-35. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.153.50805
Figure 8 Habitat and morphology of B. taliensis (Photos by Daike Tian) A habitat B population with pure-green leaves C, D blooming individuals with variegated leaves E comparison of variegated and solid green-leaved individuals (adaxially and abaxially views) F–H inflorescence of large individuals and young fruits with red lines (G) I underground tubers (usually 2–3 connected) with numerous roots.
Figure 7 from: Tian D-K, Xiao Y, Li Y-C, Yan K-J (2020) Several new records, synonyms, and hybrid-origin of Chinese begonias. PhytoKeys 153: 13-35. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.153.50805
Figure 7 Distribution of Begonia longiciliata (including syn. B. sizemoreae) Triangles show distribution based on specimens and field survey and red triangles indicate type locality of B. longiciliata (Guizhou, China) and B. sizemoreae (Bavi, Vietnam), respectively.
Figure 6 from: Tian D-K, Xiao Y, Li Y-C, Yan K-J (2020) Several new records, synonyms, and hybrid-origin of Chinese begonias. PhytoKeys 153: 13-35. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.153.50805
Figure 6 Comparison on hairy and glabrous adaxial leaf surface of B. longiciliataA plant with hairs (cultivated as Begonia U388, American Begonia Society Conference 2012) B Guizhou population with hairs (arrow direction) C Yunnan population with glabrous adaxial leaf surface.(Photos by Daike Tian).
Figure 4 from: Tian D-K, Xiao Y, Li Y-C, Yan K-J (2020) Several new records, synonyms, and hybrid-origin of Chinese begonias. PhytoKeys 153: 13-35. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.153.50805
Figure 4 Distribution map of B. circumlobata (including syn. B. lipingensis) Triangles show distribution based on specimens and field surveys and red triangles indicate type locality of B. circumlobata (Guangdong) and B. lipingensis (Guizhou), respectively.
Figure 2 from: Tian D-K, Xiao Y, Li Y-C, Yan K-J (2020) Several new records, synonyms, and hybrid-origin of Chinese begonias. PhytoKeys 153: 13-35. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.153.50805
Figure 2 Habitat and morphology of Begonia flagellaris (Photos by Daike Tian) A, B habitat (rock hill or under bamboos, arrows indicate begonia plants) C individuals with long stolons D flowering plant E individual with aerial bulbs on stolon tips (arrows indicate tiny aerial bulbs) F fruit with extremely unequal wings G large individual with stolons (arrows indicate stolons) and fruits H simple umbellate inflorescence with white male and female flowers I infructescence J male flowers in front, dorsal and side views, respectively K cross-section of an ovary with the bilamellate axile placenta and three locules L underground tubers.
Figure 12 from: Tian D-K, Xiao Y, Li Y-C, Yan K-J (2020) Several new records, synonyms, and hybrid-origin of Chinese begonias. PhytoKeys 153: 13-35. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.153.50805
Figure 12 Begonia × malipoensis and its parents (B. hemsleyana and B. versicolor) (Photos by Daike Tian) A habitat of a natural hybrid zone of B. versicolor × B. hemsleyanaB–E variation of B. × malipoensisFB. hemsleyanaG, HB. versicolor with variegated and pure green leaves I, J comparison of B. × malipoensis (middle two leaves) and its parents B. hemsleyana (left) and B. versicolor (right two leaves) (I adaxial view J abaxial view).
Figure 10 from: Tian D-K, Xiao Y, Li Y-C, Yan K-J (2020) Several new records, synonyms, and hybrid-origin of Chinese begonias. PhytoKeys 153: 13-35. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.153.50805
Figure 10 Comparison of types of Begonia taliensis (A–C) and B. muliensis (D) A Ducloux No. 5184 (Yunnan) B Delavay No. 220 (Yunnan) C Henry 8946 (Sichuan) D T.T. Yü #14024 (Sichuan) (A accessed JSTOR and imaged by Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem B, C. Photos by Daike Tian at Herbarium Museum of Paris D accessed JSTOR, Imaged by Herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University).
Figure 3 from: Tian D-K, Xiao Y, Li Y-C, Yan K-J (2020) Several new records, synonyms, and hybrid-origin of Chinese begonias. PhytoKeys 153: 13-35. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.153.50805
Figure 3 Begonia lipingensis and B. circumlobata (E–H photos by Daike Tian) A–EBegonia lipingensis: A holotype (WU) (digitalised by Herbarium of Institut fur Botanik der Universitat Wien) B close-up view of type leaf C close-up of male flower from holotype, showing abaxial hairs on the middle of outer tepals D wild blooming plants E, F male flowers showing colour variation G, HBegonia circumlobata: adaxial (G) and abaxial (H) views showing variations of leaf lobes and colour in a single small population.
Figure 1 from: Tian D-K, Xiao Y, Li Y-C, Yan K-J (2020) Several new records, synonyms, and hybrid-origin of Chinese begonias. PhytoKeys 153: 13-35. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.153.50805
Figure 1 . Habitat and morphology of Begonia dioica (Photos by Daike Tian) A, B habitat (rock-moss surface and tree trunk, arrows indicate begonia plants) C individuals with long red stolons (arrows indicate stolons) D plants of different size and stolons with small whitish aerial bulbs (arrows indicate tiny bulbs) E leaves showing glabrous adaxial (upper) and abaxial (low) surfaces F female flowers with three tepals (upper: adaxial view, low: abaxial view) G cross-section of ovary with bilamellate axile placenta and three locules H tubers under moss.
Figure 11 from: Tian D-K, Xiao Y, Li Y-C, Yan K-J (2020) Several new records, synonyms, and hybrid-origin of Chinese begonias. PhytoKeys 153: 13-35. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.153.50805
Figure 11 Begonia × lancangensis and its parents (B. acetosella and B. handelii) (Photos by Daike Tian) A, B male plant and female flower of B. × lancangensisC, D plant and fruits of B. acetosellaE, F male and female flowering plants of B. handelii.
Figure 5 from: Tian D-K, Xiao Y, Li Y-C, Yan K-J (2020) Several new records, synonyms, and hybrid-origin of Chinese begonias. PhytoKeys 153: 13-35. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.153.50805
Figure 5 Morphological variation of Begonia longiciliata in China(Photos by Daike Tian) A–E population from Guizhou Province: A individual with dark green leaves and white variegation (near white ring or isolated white spots) B pure green-leaved individual C fruit with one long wing and two short wings D comparison of adaxial (upper) and abaxial (low) views of leaf variation in colour and variegation E male flower (deep-pink one not shown) F–J population from Yunnan province: F female flower, showing pink variant G cross-section of ovary showing two locules and bilamillate placenta H dark-green leaved individual with a light-green ring band I male flower showing very long anther in upper portion of androecium J comparison of adaxial (upper five leaves) and abaxial (lower five leaves), showing differences in leaf colour and variegation of different individuals.
The origin of the parrotfish species Scarus compressus in the Tropical Eastern Pacific: region-wide hybridization between ancient species pairs
<p class="Normal1"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Background: </b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>An increasing number of hybrid zones with varying evolutionary outcomes have been documented from different reef fish families. In the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP), four species of parrotfishes occur in sympatry on rocky reefs from Baja California to Ecuador: <i>Scarus. compressus</i>,<i>S. ghobban</i>, <i>S. perrico</i>, and <i>S. rubroviolaceus</i>; and have complex phylogeographic histories. The most divergent,<i>S. perrico</i>, belongs to a Tropical American clade that diverged from a Central Indo-Pacific ancestor in the late Miocene (6.6 Ma). We tested the hypothesis that <i>S. compressus</i>was the result of ongoing hybridization among the other three species by sequencing four nuclear markers and a mitochondrial locus in samples spanning 2/3 of the latitudinal extent of the TEP. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Normal1"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Results: </b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>A structure model of all samples indicated that K=3 was the best fit to the nuclear data and that individuals identified as <i>S. compressus</i>had admixed assignment values (Q). Power analyses indicated our data could correctly detect and assign pure adults and F1 hybrids with > 0.90 probability, and correct assignment of F2 was also high in some cases. NewHybrids models revealed that 89.8% (n= 59) of the <i>Scarus compressus </i>samples were F1 hybrids of crosses between divergent species pairs: <i>S. perrico </i>× <i>S. ghobban</i>and <i>S. perrico </i>× <i>S. rubroviolaceus</i>. Similarly, <i>S.</i><i>ghobban </i>and <i>S. rubroviolaceus</i>were also hybridizing, with ½ of the admixed individuals assigned to F1 hybrids and the remainder likely deep generation hybrids. We observed strong mito-nuclear discordance in all three hybrid pairs, but found little evidence for accelerated mt vs. nuclear evolution in the paternal species. Bayesian analysis of Migrate models favours gene flow between <i>S. perrico</i>and <i>S. ghobban</i>, but not other species pairs. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="Normal1"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Conclusions: </b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Mating between species whose ancestors diverged in the late Miocene is giving rise to region wide, hybrid complex, characterized by a high frequency of parental and F1 genotypes but a low frequency of deep generation hybrids. Trimodal structure, combined with reproductive evidence for fertility of both male and female F1 hybrids, suggest that fitness declines sharply in later generation hybrids. In contrast, the hybrid population of the two younger species had similar frequencies of F1 and > F1 hybrids. These differences are consistent with a model of accelerating post-mating incompatibility with time. Mitochondrial genotypes in hybrids, suggests indiscriminate mating by male <i>S. perrico</i>is driving pre-zygotic breakdown, which may reflect the isolation of this endemic species in the TEP for millions of years and weak selection for conspecific mate recognition. Despite overlapping habitat use, high rates of hybridization, and evidence for historical gene flow, species boundaries are maintained by post-mating processes in this complex. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Genomic selection for recovery of original genetic background from hybrids of endangered and common breeds
Critically endangered breeds and populations are often crossed with more common breeds or subspecies. This results in genetic admixture that can be undesirable when it challenges the genetic integrity of wild and domestic populations, causing a loss in special characteristics or unique genetic material and ultimately extinction. Here, we present two genomic selection strategies, using genome-wide DNA markers, to recover the genomic content of the original endangered population from admixtures. Each strategy relies on the estimation of the proportion of nonintrogressed genome in individuals based on a different method: either genomic prediction or identification of breed-specific haplotypes. Then, breeding programs that remove introgressed genomic information can be designed. To test these strategies, we used empirical 50K SNP array data from two pure sheep breeds, Merino (used as target breed), Poll Dorset and an existing admixed population of both breeds. Sheep populations with varying degrees of introgression and admixture were simulated starting from these real genotypes. Both strategies were capable of identifying segment origin, and both removed up to the 100% of the Poll Dorset segments. While the selection process led to substantial inbreeding, we controlled it by imposing a minimum number of individuals contributing to the next generation.
Data from: Incongruence between morphological and mitochondrial-DNA characters suggests hybrid origins of parthenogenetic weevil lineages (genus Aramigus)
An expanded matrix of morphological characters for the genus Aramigus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), which includes numerous polyploid parthenogenetic lineages, was compared and combined with a published matrix of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) characters. The matrix of morphological characters provides little resolution of the A. tessellatus and A. uruguayensis species complexes but does resolve previously unresolved relationships among other morphologically defined species (A. globoculus + A. intermedius, A. curtulus + A. planioculus). The morphological and mtDNA characters are significantly incongruent (0.435 ≤ IM ≤ 0.463; IMF = 0.0735), according to the tests of Farris et al. (P = 0.010) and Templeton (P < 0.005), probably because of hybrid origins of polyploid parthenogenetic lineages. For the few sexual lineages included in both matrices, morphology and mtDNA provide congruent estimates of phylogeny. In spite of recent injunctions against combining data sets that are incongruent because of differing histories, the results of the combined analyses were used to select one of the most-parsimonious mtDNA trees as the best estimate of maternal-lineage genealogy and to reconstruct the evolution of parthenogenesis under the assumption that transitions from sexuality to parthenogenesis are irreversible. Where cytogenetically justified, as in weevils, the irreversibility assumption is useful for producing conservative estimates of the age of parthenogenetic lineages in spite of potential sampling bias against sexuals.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.