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886 results for “immune infection”
The translational landscape of SARS-CoV-2 and infected cells reveals suppression of innate immune genes
<p>SARS-CoV-2 utilizes a number of strategies to modulate viral and host mRNA translation. Here, we used ribosome profiling in SARS-CoV-2 infected model cell lines and primary airway cells grown at the air-liquid interface to gain a deeper understanding of the translationally regulated events in response to virus replication. We find that SARS-CoV-2 mRNAs dominate the cellular mRNA pool but are not more efficiently translated than cellular mRNAs. SARS-CoV-2 utilized a highly efficient ribosomal frameshifting strategy despite notable accumulation of ribosomes within the slippery sequence on the frameshifting element. In the highly permissive cell models, although SARS-CoV-2 infection induced the transcriptional upregulation of numerous chemokines, cytokines and interferon stimulated genes, many of these mRNAs were not translated efficiently. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on host mRNA translation was more subtle in primary cells, with marked transcriptional and translational upregulation of inflammatory and innate immune responses and downregulation of processes involved in ciliated cell function. Together, these data reveal the key role of mRNA translation in SARS-CoV-2 replication and highlight unique mechanisms for therapeutic development. The processed data presented here is derived from the relevant RNA-seq and ribo-seq libraries.</p>
Consuming sunflower pollen reduced pathogen infection but did not alter measures of immunity in bumble bees
<p>Certain diets can benefit bee health by reducing pathogens, but the mechanism(s) driving these medicinal effects are largely unexplored. Recent research found that sunflower (<em>Helianthus annuus</em>) pollen reduces the gut pathogen <em>Crithidia bombi</em> in the common eastern bumble bee (<em>Bombus impatiens</em>). Here, we tested the effects of sunflower pollen and infection on two bee immune metrics to determine if sunflower pollen diet drives changes in host immunity that can explain this medicinal effect. Bees were infected with <em>C. bombi </em>or not and given either sunflower or wildflower pollen. Subsequently, bees received a benign immune challenge or were left naïve to test the induced and constitutive immune responses, respectively. We measured hemolymph phenoloxidase activity, involved in the melanization cascade, and antibacterial activity. Sunflower pollen reduced <em>C. bombi</em> infection, but we found no significant pollen diet effect on either immune measure. Phenoloxidase activity was also not affected by <em>C. bombi</em> infection status; however, uninfected bees were more likely to have measurable constitutive antibacterial activity, while infected bees had higher induced antibacterial activity. Overall, we found that sunflower pollen does not significantly affect the immune responses we measured, suggesting that the mechanisms underlying its medicinal effect do not involve these bee immune parameters.</p>
Innate and adaptive immune genes associated with MERS-CoV infection in dromedaries
<p>The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has refocused attention to the betacoronaviruses, only eight years after the emergence of another zoonotic betacoronavirus, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). While the wild source of SARS-CoV-2 may be disputed, for MERS-CoV, dromedaries are considered as source of zoonotic human infections. Testing 100 immune- response genes in 121 dromedaries from United Arab Emirates (UAE) for potential association with present MERS-CoV infection, we identified candidate genes with important functions in the adaptive, MHC-class I (HLA-A-24-like) and II (HLA-DPB1-like), and innate immune response (PTPN4, MAGOHB), and in cilia coating the respiratory tract (DNAH7). </p>
m6A modifications regulate intestinal immunity and rotavirus infection
<p>N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an abundant mRNA modification and affects many biological processes. However, how m6A levels are regulated during physiological or pathological processes such as virus infections, and the <em>in vivo</em> function of m6A in the intestinal immune defense against virus infections are largely unknown. Here, we uncover a novel antiviral function of m6A modification during rotavirus (RV) infection in small bowel intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). We found that rotavirus infection induced global m6A modifications on mRNA transcripts by down-regulating the m6a eraser ALKBH5. Mice lacking the m6A writer enzymes METTL3 in IECs (<em>Mettl3</em><sup>ΔIEC</sup>) were resistant to RV infection and showed increased expression of interferons (IFNs) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Using RNA-sequencing and m6A RNA immuno-precipitation (RIP)-sequencing, we identified IRF7, a master regulator of IFN responses, as one of the primary m6A targets during virus infection. In the absence of METTL3, IECs showed increased <em>Irf7</em> mRNA stability and enhanced type I and III IFN expression. Deficiency in IRF7 attenuated the elevated expression of IFNs and ISGs and restored susceptibility to RV infection in <em>Mettl3</em><sup>ΔIEC</sup> mice. Moreover, the global m6A modification on mRNA transcripts declined with age in mice, with a significant drop from 2 weeks to 3 weeks post birth, which likely has broad implications for the development of intestinal immune system against enteric viruses early in life. Collectively, we demonstrated a novel host m6A-IRF7-IFN antiviral signaling cascade that restricts rotavirus infection <em>in vivo</em>.</p>
Data for: Variation in density, immune gene suppression, and co-infection outcomes among strains of the aphid endosymbiont Regiella insecticola
<p>Many insects harbor heritable microbes that influence host phenotypes. Symbiont strains establish at different densities within hosts. This variation is important evolutionarily because within-host density has been linked to the costs and benefits of the symbiosis for both partners. Studying the factors shaping within-host density is important to our broader understanding of host-microbe coevolution. Here we focused on different strains of <em>Regiella insecticola</em>, a facultative symbiont of aphids. We first showed that strains of <em>Regiella</em> establish in pea aphids at drastically different densities. We then found that variation in density is correlated with the expression levels of two key insect immune system genes (phenoloxidase and hemocytin), with the suppression of immune gene expression correlating with higher <em>Regiella</em> density. We then performed an experiment where we established co-infections of a higher- and a lower-density <em>Regiella</em> strain, and we showed that the higher-density strain is better able to persist in co-infections than the lower-density strain. Together, our results point to a potential mechanism that contributes to strain-level variation in symbiont density in this system, and our data suggest that symbiont fitness may be increased by establishing at higher density within hosts. Our work highlights the importance of within-host dynamics shaping symbiont evolution.</p>
Interaction of Bacteria, Immune Cells, and Surface Topography in Periprosthetic Joint Infections
<p>This record contains raw data related to article “Interaction of Bacteria, Immune Cells, and Surface Topography in Periprosthetic Joint Infections”</p>
Natural History of Individuals With Immune System Problems That Lead to Fungal Infections
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01386437. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.
Immune Response to Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00257907. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 3.
A Trial of Validation and Restoration of Immune Dysfunction in Severe Infections and Sepsis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03332225. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 15.
Transfer of Infection Fighting Immune Cells Generated in the Laboratory to High Risk Patients With COVID-19 Infection
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04765449. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Immune Reconstitution to Measles Virus of HIV Infected Children in Zambia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02058927. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 45.
Observational Study on Anti-Tat Immune Response in HIV-1-infected HAART-treated Adult Subjects
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01024556. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 12.
Immune Response Regulation in People Infected Concurrently With Malarial and Filarial Parasites
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00341666. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
A Study to Explore Reconstitution of Immunity in Patients With Advanced HIV-1-infection
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01296373. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Infant Immune Response to Bacterial Infection
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00546195. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Impact of CMV-Specific Immune Reconstitution at the End of Letermovir Prophylaxis on the Development of Late Cytomegalovirus Infection in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients (INMUNOEND)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06814301. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Safety of and Immune Response to a Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine Given With a Booster (CpG7909 ODN) in HIV Infected and HIV Uninfected People
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00100633. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Immune Reconstitution in HIV-infected Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01213186. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Trial Comparing Two Strategies of Vaccination Against Hepatitis B in HIV-infected Patients Non Responding to Primary Immunization (B-BOOST)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00670839. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Modulate Cellular Stress in the Immune Cells to Reduce Rate of Symptomatic Viral Infection
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04267809. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 36.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.